(en) Hong Xiaoyong, « Let Truth Speak Louder »(Archive.org • Wikiwix • Archive.is • Google • Que faire ?), The Straits Times, 23 avril 2008 :« From 1727 to 1911, altogther 57 Ambans (ministers in charge of Tibet affairs in the Qing Dynasty) were stationed in Tibet to supervise local administration on behalf of the central authority. »
(en) Institut de la Conférence des associations de la défense, « THE RATIONALE FOR INTERNATIONAL INTERVENTION: A Comparative Case Study of East Timor and Tibet »(Archive.org • Wikiwix • Archive.is • Google • Que faire ?) : « Although the British let India take the lead on this issue, the British Foreign Office had reportedly concluded that Tibet “from 1913, not only enjoyed full control over her internal affairs but also has maintained direct relations on her own account with other States [and as such] she must be regarded as a State to which Article 35 (2) of the UN Charter applies” ».
(en) For Taiwan, India's in the slightly-less-hard basket: « India was one of the few nations that established official ties with the People's Republic of China, rather than the exiled Republic of China government on Taiwan, in 1950 ».
(ISBN070071572X)&id=gG4w16HiaFQC&pg=PA31&lpg=PA31&ots=Pw-dUcQ1UX&dq=%22Tibetan+resistance+movement%22+dalai+lama&ie=ISO-8859-1&output=html&sig=9nATmu20oKGM9Znb7fGpho4YitE The Tibetan Independence Movement: Political, Religious and Gandhian Perspectives, Jane Ardley
canonymous.com
Daniel Smith, Self-Determination in Tibet: the Politics of Remedies, part II, Écritique, No 2, 1997 : « Also in 1954, the Indian government concluded with China the "Agreement on Trade and Intercourse Between the Tibet Region of China and India," avowing "'mutual respect for each other's territorial integrity and sovereignty'" and thereby essentially recognizing its control over Tibet ».
cda-cdai.ca
(en) Institut de la Conférence des associations de la défense, « THE RATIONALE FOR INTERNATIONAL INTERVENTION: A Comparative Case Study of East Timor and Tibet »(Archive.org • Wikiwix • Archive.is • Google • Que faire ?) : « Although the British let India take the lead on this issue, the British Foreign Office had reportedly concluded that Tibet “from 1913, not only enjoyed full control over her internal affairs but also has maintained direct relations on her own account with other States [and as such] she must be regarded as a State to which Article 35 (2) of the UN Charter applies” ».
(en) Hong Xiaoyong, « Let Truth Speak Louder »(Archive.org • Wikiwix • Archive.is • Google • Que faire ?), The Straits Times, 23 avril 2008 :« From 1727 to 1911, altogther 57 Ambans (ministers in charge of Tibet affairs in the Qing Dynasty) were stationed in Tibet to supervise local administration on behalf of the central authority. »
cuny.edu
ccny.cuny.edu
Brent Navarro, Tibet:Assessing its Potential for China's Instability, téléversable depuis le site www.ccny-cuny.edu : « From the late 1950’s to early 1960’s the United Nations body was more vocal in expressing their concern for Tibet. Three major resolutions were passed by the UN: Resolution 1353, Resolution 1723, and Resolution 2079. These resolutions showed the sympathy the International Community had for Tibet. All these resolutions were less than five years apart from each other and each expressed concern for the human rights violations China was accused of committing on Tibetans. There has since been no major resolution by the United Nations concerning Tibetan affairs ».
(en) Melvyn C. Goldstein, The Snow Lion and the Dragon: China, Tibet and the Dalai Lama, University of California Press, Berkeley, 1997, chap. Tibetan Attempts to Modernize (« Tentatives tibétaines de modernisation »), p. 37 : « Chinese fortunes in Tibet improved slightly after the death of the 13th Dalai Lama when Tibet allowed a "condolence mission" sent by Guomindang government of Chiang Kaishek to visit Lhasa, and then permitted it to open an office to facilitate negotiations aimed at resolving the Tibet Question. These talks proved futile, but Tibet allowed the office to remain ».
fco.gov.uk
David Miliband, Written Ministerial Statement on Tibet (29/10/2008), site Internet du ministère des affaires étrangères. Citation : Our ability to get our points across has sometimes been clouded by the position the UK took at the start of the 20th century on the status of Tibet, a position based on the geo-politics of the time. Our recognition of China's "special position" in Tibet developed from the outdated concept of suzerainty. Some have used this to cast doubt on the aims we are pursuing and to claim that we are denying Chinese sovereignty over a large part of its own territory. We have made clear to the Chinese Government, and publicly, that we do not support Tibetan independence. Like every other EU member state, and the United States, we regard Tibet as part of the People's Republic of China. Our interest is in long term stability, which can only be achieved through respect for human rights and greater autonomy for the Tibetans.
(en) Bradley Mayhew et Michael Kohn, Tibet, Lonely Planet, 2005, 360 p., p. 31 : « The missing link in the Anglo-Tibetan accord was a Manchu signature. In effect, the accord implied that Tibet was a sovereign power and therefore had the right to make treaties of its own. The Manchus objected and, in 1906, the British signed a second accord with the Manchus, one that recognized China's suzerainty over Tibet ».
(en) Hong Xiaoyong, « Let Truth Speak Louder »(Archive.org • Wikiwix • Archive.is • Google • Que faire ?), The Straits Times, 23 avril 2008 :« From 1727 to 1911, altogther 57 Ambans (ministers in charge of Tibet affairs in the Qing Dynasty) were stationed in Tibet to supervise local administration on behalf of the central authority. »
(en) Institut de la Conférence des associations de la défense, « THE RATIONALE FOR INTERNATIONAL INTERVENTION: A Comparative Case Study of East Timor and Tibet »(Archive.org • Wikiwix • Archive.is • Google • Que faire ?) : « Although the British let India take the lead on this issue, the British Foreign Office had reportedly concluded that Tibet “from 1913, not only enjoyed full control over her internal affairs but also has maintained direct relations on her own account with other States [and as such] she must be regarded as a State to which Article 35 (2) of the UN Charter applies” ».
http://www.intotibet.info/aboutthebook.html Into Tibet. The CIA’s First Atomic Spy and his Secret Expedition into Lhasa], publicité du journaliste Thomas Laird pour son livre du même nom (Grove Press, Hardcover, 1st edition, May 2002 , 364 pages (ISBN0802117147)) : « Standing up in the Potala the twenty eight-year-old American agent made an impassioned plea to the Tibetan National Assembly, urging it to officially request covert US military aid. This is what he thought Mackiernan would have done. Chinese spies in Lhasa followed his every move. Six weeks after he left Tibet, with the governments' official written request for covert military aid in hand, that document was encrypted and transmitted back to Washington where it landed on the desk of Dean Rusk, at the State Department. Weeks later the CIA began to air drop small amounts of military aid into Tibet. Weeks after that China invaded, claiming it did so to halt 'Imperialist Plots'. America publicly denied any covert US involvement as 'Communist Propaganda'. Tibet had to lie about these events, to protect America ».
(en) Give up on the US, deal directly with China: Gyalo Thondup, site de Lobsang Wangyal, 7 septembre 2005 : « I escaped from Tibet to India in 1952. The CIA probably watched my movements from a far distance. They didn't approach me until 1953. The first meeting took place in Darjeeling where I was residing then. And then I went to the US consulate in Calcutta and Delhi, and then all sorts of things happened. I don't remember the people I met. That was a long time ago. »
mltoday.com
Il s'agit de George N. Patterson, ancien missionnaire dans le Kham et traducteur du consulat américain à Calcutta, cf (en) Dr Liu Chao, Secret CIA Sponsorship of Tibetan Rebels Against China Exposed - How a Ground-Breaking Book Unveiled History as it Was, entretien avec Kenneth Conboy, auteur de CIA's Secret War in Tibet, People's Daily, 28 mars 2008 ; autre adresse : CIa Secret War in Tibet : « Original Excerpts from the Book: (...) "(In July 1950,) US Embassy officials even flirted with fanciful plans for Heinrich Harrer, the monarch's former tutor, and George Patterson, an affable Scottish missionary who had once preached in Kham, to effectively kidnap the Dalai Lama and bundle him off to India" ».
mondediplo.net
blog.mondediplo.net
Martine Bulard, Chine-Tibet, des identités communes, article reproduit sur le site de l'UPMF de Grenoble avec comme indications Le Monde Diplomatique, 30 avril 2008, ainsi que sur le blogue Planète Asie du Monde Diplomatique à la date du 30 avril 2008 : « Rappelons que les Nations unies n’ont jamais inclus le Tibet dans les pays à décoloniser (avant comme après 1971 – date du remplacement de Taïwan par la Chine populaire) et qu’aucun pays n’a reconnu le « gouvernement » tibétain en exil et donc la possibilité d’une indépendance ».
Il s'agit de George N. Patterson, ancien missionnaire dans le Kham et traducteur du consulat américain à Calcutta, cf (en) Dr Liu Chao, Secret CIA Sponsorship of Tibetan Rebels Against China Exposed - How a Ground-Breaking Book Unveiled History as it Was, entretien avec Kenneth Conboy, auteur de CIA's Secret War in Tibet, People's Daily, 28 mars 2008 ; autre adresse : CIa Secret War in Tibet : « Original Excerpts from the Book: (...) "(In July 1950,) US Embassy officials even flirted with fanciful plans for Heinrich Harrer, the monarch's former tutor, and George Patterson, an affable Scottish missionary who had once preached in Kham, to effectively kidnap the Dalai Lama and bundle him off to India" ».
(en) World Governments Recognize Tibet: The Tibetan Perspective The Tibetan Foreign Office conducted talks with President Franklin D. Roosevelt when he sent representatives to Lhasa to discuss the allied war effort against Japan during World War II.
Pierre Haski, Tibet: le soutien ambigu des Etats-Unis au dalaï lama, site Rue89, 18/10/2007 : dans les années 50, la CIA a secrètement appuyé une guerilla tibétaine pour s'opposer au pouvoir communiste chinois, aux débuts de la guerre froide.
Tibet: le soutien ambigu des Etats-Unis au dalaï lama : Entre 1957 et 1961, les Américains entrainèrent des guérilleros tibétains dans les montagnes du Colorado, avant de les envoyer combattre les Chinois sur le « toit du monde ». Une base arrière avait même été installée au Népal.
Tibet: le soutien ambigu des Etats-Unis au dalaï lama : « Mal conçue, l'opération se termina par la mort de la plupart de ces combattants, avant d'être liquidée lors du rapprochement sino-américain et de la rencontre Nixon-Mao en 1974 ».
(en) Sydney Wignall, The Telegraph, 2012 : « Wignall was indeed a spy, though not for the CIA. In his book he described how, shortly before leaving Wales, a British colonel had introduced him to an Indian intelligence officer in London who wanted to find out about Chinese troop movements in Tibet. »
U.S. Department of State, 95/09/07, Testimony: Kent Wiedemann on policy toward Tibet Bureau for East Asia and Pacific Affairs, testimony by Kent M. Wiedemann, Deputy Assistant Secretary oF State For East Asian And Pacific Affairs Before Subcommittee On East Asian And Pacific Affairs Senate Foreign Relations Committee :« The United States considers the Tibet Autonomous Region or TAR (hereinafter referred to as "Tibet") a part of the People's Republic of China. This longstanding policy is consistent with the view of the entire international community, including all China's neighbors: no country recognizes Tibet as a sovereign state. Moreover, U.S. acceptance of China's claim of sovereignty over Tibet predates the establishment of the People's Republic of China. In 1942, we told the Nationalist Chinese government then headquartered in Chongqing (Chungking) that we had "at no time raised (a) question" over Chinese claims to Tibet. Because we do not recognize Tibet as an independent state, the United States does not conduct diplomatic relations with the representatives of Tibetans in exile. However, the United States urges China to respect Tibet's unique religious, linguistic and cultural traditions and the human rights of Tibetans. The United States continues, moreover, to encourage China and the Dalai Lama to hold serious discussions aimed at resolution of differences at an early date, without preconditions, and on a fixed agenda. We have consistently asserted that the question of Tibet's status should be resolved by dialogue and negotiations between the Tibetans and the Chinese. ».
Martine Bulard, Chine-Tibet, des identités communes, article reproduit sur le site de l'UPMF de Grenoble avec comme indications Le Monde Diplomatique, 30 avril 2008, ainsi que sur le blogue Planète Asie du Monde Diplomatique à la date du 30 avril 2008 : « Rappelons que les Nations unies n’ont jamais inclus le Tibet dans les pays à décoloniser (avant comme après 1971 – date du remplacement de Taïwan par la Chine populaire) et qu’aucun pays n’a reconnu le « gouvernement » tibétain en exil et donc la possibilité d’une indépendance ».
usembassy.gov
india.usembassy.gov
Géopolitique des États-Unis, op. cit., p. 372 : « En mars [1950], des officiers du Consulat américain à Kalguda (Il y a 3 consulats américains en Inde) prirent contact avec Shagpa, une personnalité du Kashag tibétain, pour mettre au point la livraison d'armes américaines au Tibet et leur stockage au Sikkim, au Népal [...], de façon que les Tibétains puissent en prendre possession plus facilement ».
(en) Hong Xiaoyong, « Let Truth Speak Louder »(Archive.org • Wikiwix • Archive.is • Google • Que faire ?), The Straits Times, 23 avril 2008 :« From 1727 to 1911, altogther 57 Ambans (ministers in charge of Tibet affairs in the Qing Dynasty) were stationed in Tibet to supervise local administration on behalf of the central authority. »
(en) Institut de la Conférence des associations de la défense, « THE RATIONALE FOR INTERNATIONAL INTERVENTION: A Comparative Case Study of East Timor and Tibet »(Archive.org • Wikiwix • Archive.is • Google • Que faire ?) : « Although the British let India take the lead on this issue, the British Foreign Office had reportedly concluded that Tibet “from 1913, not only enjoyed full control over her internal affairs but also has maintained direct relations on her own account with other States [and as such] she must be regarded as a State to which Article 35 (2) of the UN Charter applies” ».
(en) Hong Xiaoyong, « Let Truth Speak Louder »(Archive.org • Wikiwix • Archive.is • Google • Que faire ?), The Straits Times, 23 avril 2008 :« From 1727 to 1911, altogther 57 Ambans (ministers in charge of Tibet affairs in the Qing Dynasty) were stationed in Tibet to supervise local administration on behalf of the central authority. »
(en) Institut de la Conférence des associations de la défense, « THE RATIONALE FOR INTERNATIONAL INTERVENTION: A Comparative Case Study of East Timor and Tibet »(Archive.org • Wikiwix • Archive.is • Google • Que faire ?) : « Although the British let India take the lead on this issue, the British Foreign Office had reportedly concluded that Tibet “from 1913, not only enjoyed full control over her internal affairs but also has maintained direct relations on her own account with other States [and as such] she must be regarded as a State to which Article 35 (2) of the UN Charter applies” ».
wisc.edu
digicoll.library.wisc.edu
FRUS, VII, China area, The ambassador in India (Henderson) to the Secretary of State, 1951, p. 1759. Dans les archives du FRUS précitées, une lettre en question des responsables américains souligne : « Si vous restez au Tibet, cela sera dommageable pour votre peuple. Si vous voulez aller au Sri Lanka ou chercher refuge dans un autre pays, le Gouvernement américain sera prêt à vous aider à obtenir l'asile, à obtenir la permission de transiter dans les pays nécessaires, et à payer votre voyage et celui de votre entourage [...] La pré-condition de l'assistance et du soutien américains est que vous quittiez le Tibet, que vous rejetiez ouvertement l'accord signé entre les délégués du Tibet et les représentants communistes, et que vous veuilliez coopérer avec les États-Unis dans le domaine anticommuniste.»[Interprétation personnelle ?]
