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(en) Erik W. Kolstad, Tarjei Breiteig et Adam A. Scaife, « The association between stratospheric weak polar vortex events and cold air outbreaks in the Northern Hemisphere », Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society, Royal Meteorological Society, vol. 136, , p. 887 (DOI10.1002/qj.620, Bibcode2010EGUGA..12.5739K, lire en ligne).
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(en) Erik W. Kolstad, Tarjei Breiteig et Adam A. Scaife, « The association between stratospheric weak polar vortex events and cold air outbreaks in the Northern Hemisphere », Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society, Royal Meteorological Society, vol. 136, , p. 887 (DOI10.1002/qj.620, Bibcode2010EGUGA..12.5739K, lire en ligne).
(en) E. Nash, P Newman, J Rosenfield et M Schoeberl, « An objective determination of the polar vortex using Ertel's potential vorticity », Journal of Geophysical Research, vol. 101, no D5, , p. 9471–9478 (DOI10.1029/96JD00066, Bibcode1996JGR...101.9471N).
(en) Qiuhong Tang, Xuejun Zhang et Jennifer A. Francis, « Extreme summer weather in northern mid-latitudes linked to a vanishing cryosphere », Nature Climate Change, vol. 4, , p. 45–50 (DOI10.1038/nclimate2065, Bibcode2014NatCC...4...45T).
(en) Jennifer A. Francis et Stephen J. Vavrus, « Evidence linking Arctic amplification to extreme weather in mid-latitudes », Geophysical Research Letters, vol. 39, no 6, (DOI10.1029/2012GL051000, Bibcode2012GeoRL..39.6801F).
(en) Vladimir Petoukhov et Vladimir A. Semenov, « A link between reduced Barents-Kara sea ice and cold winter extremes over northern continents », Journal of Geophysical Research, vol. 115, (DOI10.1029/2009JD013568, Bibcode2010JGRD..11521111P).
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(en) Abdolreza Kashki et Javad Khoshhal, « Investigation of the Role of Polar Vortex in Iranian First and Last Snowfalls », Journal of Geology and Geography, Canadian Center of Science and Education, vol. 5, no 4, (ISSN1916-9779, lire en ligne).