Reader, Ian (1991). "Letters to the Gods: The Form and Meaning of Ema". Japanese Journal of Religious Studies. 18 (1): 24–50. doi:10.2307/30233428. JSTOR30233428.
Holtom, D. C. (1938). "Japanese Votive Pictures (The Ikoma Ema)". Monumenta Nipponica. 1 (1): 154–164. doi:10.2307/2382449. JSTOR2382449.
Robertson, Jennifer (2008). "Ema-gined Community: Votive Tablets (ema) and Strategic Ambivalence in Wartime Japan". Asian Ethnology. 67 (1): 43–77. doi:10.2307/25135286. JSTOR25135286.
jstor.org
Reader, Ian (1991). "Letters to the Gods: The Form and Meaning of Ema". Japanese Journal of Religious Studies. 18 (1): 24–50. doi:10.2307/30233428. JSTOR30233428.
Holtom, D. C. (1938). "Japanese Votive Pictures (The Ikoma Ema)". Monumenta Nipponica. 1 (1): 154–164. doi:10.2307/2382449. JSTOR2382449.
Robertson, Jennifer (2008). "Ema-gined Community: Votive Tablets (ema) and Strategic Ambivalence in Wartime Japan". Asian Ethnology. 67 (1): 43–77. doi:10.2307/25135286. JSTOR25135286.
kokugakuin.ac.jp
eos.kokugakuin.ac.jp
Hiroshi Iwai. "Ema". Encyclopedia of Shinto. Diakses tanggal 2013-01-08.