(EN) Berktay, Halil; Koulouri Christina; Murgescu, Bogdan, Teaching modern southeast European history : alternative educational materials, Center for Democracy and Reconciliation in Southeast Europe, 2005, p. 93, ISBN 960-86857-2-9, OCLC 63037584.
«Generally, in order to become a master (usta), one had first to be an apprentice (çirak) and then an aid (kalfa)»