Salih Özbaran, The Ottoman response to European expansion: studies on Ottoman-Portuguese relations in the Indian Ocean and Ottoman Administration in the Arab Lands during the Sixteenth Century, Isis Press, 1994, ISBN 978-975-428-066-1, p. 35.
Andrew C. Hess, The Forgotten Frontier: A History of the Sixteenth-Century Ibero-African Frontier, University of Chicago Press, 2010, ISBN 978-0-226-33031-0, p. 253.
William Spencer, Islamic fundamentalism in the modern world, Twenty-First Century Books, 1995, ISBN 978-1-56294-435-3, p. 73.
Gábor Ágoston, Bruce Alan Masters, Encyclopedia of the Ottoman Empire, Infobase Publishing, 2009, ISBN 978-0-8160-6259-1, p. 33.