Turner, N.J. & P. von AderkaThe North American guide to common poisonous plants and mushrooms, Timber Press, pp181-182 google.com.au
Edmonds, J. M., Chewya, J. A., Black Nightshades, 'Solanum nigrum' L. and related species, International Plant Genetic Resources Institute.google.com.au
Mohy-ud-dint, A., Z. Khan, M. Ahmad & M.A. KashmiriChemotaxonomic value of alkaloids in 'Solanum nigrum' complex, Pakistan Journal of Botany, 42(1): 653-660, 2010.pakbs.org