Encyclopædia Britannica Online, oppført som Emile Combes, Encyclopædia Britannica Online-ID biography/Emile-Combes, besøkt 9. oktober 2017[Hentet fra Wikidata]
cths.fr
annuaire prosopographique: la France savante, oppført som Émile, Justin, Louis Combes, CTHS person-ID 104550, besøkt 9. oktober 2017[Hentet fra Wikidata]
parisdescartes.fr
biusante.parisdescartes.fr
Base biographique, oppført som Emile Justin Louis Combes, BIU Santé person ID 4774[Hentet fra Wikidata]
Meades, Jonathan (9. oktober 2005). «Bokanmeldelse: Earthly Powers by Michael Burleigh». The Guardian(engelsk). Besøkt 20. mai 2022. «Astonishingly, Burleigh succeeds in making this gruesome chronicle of superstitious self-delusion and its terrible ramifications very funny. The 1905 separation of church and state was effected by the virulently anti-clerical French prime minister, spiritualist and freemason Emile Combes who boasted of taking office for the sole purpose of destroying the religious orders. He closed thousands of what were not then called 'faith schools' yet spared those run by Trappists on the incontestable grounds that because they did not speak they were useless proselytisers.»
