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Schatz, Thomas () [1997]. Boom and Bust: American Cinema in the 1940s. History of the American cinema, volume 6. Berkeley, Los Angeles, and London: University of California Press. p. 364. ISBN0520221303. OCLC40907588.
Ottoson, Robert (). A Reference Guide to the American Film Noir, 1940-1958. Metuchen, N.J., and London: Scarecrow Press. p. 132. ISBN0810813637. OCLC6708669.