Asko Parpola, in "The Indo-Aryans of Ancient South Asia: Language, Material Culture and Ethnicity", Walter de Gruyter, 1995. Volume 1 of Indian philology and South Asian studies, ISSN 0948-1923 quote p. 370: "...a central element in Indra's cult was a drink originally called *Sauma: Vedic Soma, and Avestan Haoma, the cultic drink which Zoroastrianism evidently adopted from the earlier Bronze Age religion of Central Asia." quote: p.371: "Other early Indo-Europeans did not drink Sauma (cf. Norman 1990: 292f.). Therefore, it seems unlikely that this cult was started in the Pontic-Caspian steppes, which was probably the Indo-European homeland, ..." Harri Nyberg quote p.395: "The stems and flower-clusters of E. alata are green in the spring and then turn yellowish-green, golden and finally coppery-orange, making a striking impression against a rocky desert background (Ibid). This brings to mind the colours most often associated with soma/haoma: the colour of the [plant] aṃśu- (Avestan asu-) is hari (Avestan zairi; ("yellowish green to green" (Falk 1998); "golden" (Brough 1971)) or aruṇá (Avestan aruṣá: "reddish" (Falk 1989;)"
Riho Grünthal, Johanna Laakso, Oekeeta asijoo: "Commentationes Fenno-Ugricae in honorem Seppo Suhonen sexagenarii 16.V.1998, Volume 1998", Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura, 1998 p.5 quote: "Among the Volga-Finnic languages Mordvin shows komula, while others, like Cheremis, have borrowed umla ~ əməla through Turkic. [...]Indian scholars derived the form soma from a root *su- 'to press', but it could not be the Humulus lupulus, since this has flavour but does not possess any intoxicating qualities. It has also been said that Humulus did not grow wild in India. [...].Vasmer (R. Sl. VI p. 174) also admitted the possibility of deriving xiiméli from Iranian, but in REW III p. 250 f. he regarded it as “nicht annehmbar”. Räsänen in TEW derived all words from Turkic, and Hubschmid and others followed him. The renowned Swedish orientalist and historian of religion, H. S. Nyberg, supported the Opinion that the plant in question was Cannabis sativa, or hemp. The Swedish school of Iranists has in general accepted this interpretation of the haoma ~ soma."
Lajos Ligeti, Studia Turcica; Akadémisi Kiadó. Volume 17 of Bibliotheca Orientalis Hungarica, 1971. p.31 quote: "[...] of the above Chuv. word may also be possible; very widely spread is again Chuv. gamla, Turkic qumlaq «hop» (> Osset. gumaelle «id.»): Sogdian rum, Av. haoma, OP hauma (-varga) (in the name of a Scythian tribe) «the holy beverage», Sanskr. soma."
Lajos Ligeti, Studia Turcica; Akadémisi Kiadó. Volume 17 of Bibliotheca Orientalis Hungarica, 1971. p.31 quote: "[...] of the above Chuv. word may also be possible; very widely spread is again Chuv. gamla, Turkic qumlaq «hop» (> Osset. gumaelle «id.»): Sogdian rum, Av. haoma, OP hauma (-varga) (in the name of a Scythian tribe) «the holy beverage», Sanskr. soma."
Riho Grünthal, Johanna Laakso, Oekeeta asijoo: "Commentationes Fenno-Ugricae in honorem Seppo Suhonen sexagenarii 16.V.1998, Volume 1998", Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura, 1998 p.5 quote: "Among the Volga-Finnic languages Mordvin shows komula, while others, like Cheremis, have borrowed umla ~ əməla through Turkic. [...]Indian scholars derived the form soma from a root *su- 'to press', but it could not be the Humulus lupulus, since this has flavour but does not possess any intoxicating qualities. It has also been said that Humulus did not grow wild in India. [...].Vasmer (R. Sl. VI p. 174) also admitted the possibility of deriving xiiméli from Iranian, but in REW III p. 250 f. he regarded it as “nicht annehmbar”. Räsänen in TEW derived all words from Turkic, and Hubschmid and others followed him. The renowned Swedish orientalist and historian of religion, H. S. Nyberg, supported the Opinion that the plant in question was Cannabis sativa, or hemp. The Swedish school of Iranists has in general accepted this interpretation of the haoma ~ soma."
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Asko Parpola, in "The Indo-Aryans of Ancient South Asia: Language, Material Culture and Ethnicity", Walter de Gruyter, 1995. Volume 1 of Indian philology and South Asian studies, ISSN 0948-1923 quote p. 370: "...a central element in Indra's cult was a drink originally called *Sauma: Vedic Soma, and Avestan Haoma, the cultic drink which Zoroastrianism evidently adopted from the earlier Bronze Age religion of Central Asia." quote: p.371: "Other early Indo-Europeans did not drink Sauma (cf. Norman 1990: 292f.). Therefore, it seems unlikely that this cult was started in the Pontic-Caspian steppes, which was probably the Indo-European homeland, ..." Harri Nyberg quote p.395: "The stems and flower-clusters of E. alata are green in the spring and then turn yellowish-green, golden and finally coppery-orange, making a striking impression against a rocky desert background (Ibid). This brings to mind the colours most often associated with soma/haoma: the colour of the [plant] aṃśu- (Avestan asu-) is hari (Avestan zairi; ("yellowish green to green" (Falk 1998); "golden" (Brough 1971)) or aruṇá (Avestan aruṣá: "reddish" (Falk 1989;)"
Riho Grünthal, Johanna Laakso, Oekeeta asijoo: "Commentationes Fenno-Ugricae in honorem Seppo Suhonen sexagenarii 16.V.1998, Volume 1998", Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura, 1998 p.5 quote: "Among the Volga-Finnic languages Mordvin shows komula, while others, like Cheremis, have borrowed umla ~ əməla through Turkic. [...]Indian scholars derived the form soma from a root *su- 'to press', but it could not be the Humulus lupulus, since this has flavour but does not possess any intoxicating qualities. It has also been said that Humulus did not grow wild in India. [...].Vasmer (R. Sl. VI p. 174) also admitted the possibility of deriving xiiméli from Iranian, but in REW III p. 250 f. he regarded it as “nicht annehmbar”. Räsänen in TEW derived all words from Turkic, and Hubschmid and others followed him. The renowned Swedish orientalist and historian of religion, H. S. Nyberg, supported the Opinion that the plant in question was Cannabis sativa, or hemp. The Swedish school of Iranists has in general accepted this interpretation of the haoma ~ soma."
