Tamari, Tal (1991). ”The Development of Caste Systems in West Africa”. The Journal of African History (Cambridge University Press) 32 (2): sid. 221–250. doi:10.1017/s0021853700025718. ”Castes appeared among the Malinke no later than 1300, and were present among the Wolof and Soninke, as well as some Songhay and Fulani populations, no later than 1500.”.
