Dyson, Tim; Visaria, Pravin (2004). Migration and urbanization:Retrospect and prospects. У Dyson, Tim; Casses, Robert; Visaria, Leela (ред.). Twenty-first century India: population, economy, human development, and the environment. Oxford University Press. с. 115—129. ISBN0199243352. Архів оригіналу за 5 квітня 2015. Процитовано 30 жовтня 2009.
Ratna, Udit (2007). Interface between urban and rural development in India. У Dutt, Ashok K.; Thakur, Baleshwar (ред.). City, Society, and Planning: Planning Essays in honour of Prof. A.K. Dutt. Concept Publishing Company. с. 271—272. ISBN8180694615. Архів оригіналу за 5 квітня 2015. Процитовано 30 жовтня 2009.
1.Encyclopaedia Britannica (2008), «Tamil Literature.» [Архівовано 2016-04-10 у Wayback Machine.] Quote: «Apart from literature written in classical (Indo-Aryan) Sanskrit, Tamil is the oldest literature in India. Some inscriptions on stone have been dated to the 3rd century BC, but Tamil literature proper begins around the 1st century AD. Much early poetry was religious or epic; an exception was the secular court poetry written by members of the sangam, or literary academy (see Sangam literature).» 2.Ramanujan, 1985, с. ix-x Quote [Архівовано 11 травня 2011 у Wayback Machine.]: «These poems are 'classical,' i.e. early, ancient; they are also 'classics,' i.e. works that have stood the test of time, the founding works of a whole tradition. Not to know them is not to know a unique and major poetic achievement of Indian civilization. Early classical Tamil literature (c. 100 BC—AD 250) consists of the Eight Anthologies (Eţţuttokai), the Ten Long Poems (Pattuppāţţu), and a grammar called the Tolkāppiyam or the 'Old Composition.' … The literature of classical Tamil later came to be known as Cankam (pronounced Sangam) literature. (pp. ix-x)»
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1.Encyclopaedia Britannica (2008), «Tamil Literature.» [Архівовано 2016-04-10 у Wayback Machine.] Quote: «Apart from literature written in classical (Indo-Aryan) Sanskrit, Tamil is the oldest literature in India. Some inscriptions on stone have been dated to the 3rd century BC, but Tamil literature proper begins around the 1st century AD. Much early poetry was religious or epic; an exception was the secular court poetry written by members of the sangam, or literary academy (see Sangam literature).» 2.Ramanujan, 1985, с. ix-x Quote [Архівовано 11 травня 2011 у Wayback Machine.]: «These poems are 'classical,' i.e. early, ancient; they are also 'classics,' i.e. works that have stood the test of time, the founding works of a whole tradition. Not to know them is not to know a unique and major poetic achievement of Indian civilization. Early classical Tamil literature (c. 100 BC—AD 250) consists of the Eight Anthologies (Eţţuttokai), the Ten Long Poems (Pattuppāţţu), and a grammar called the Tolkāppiyam or the 'Old Composition.' … The literature of classical Tamil later came to be known as Cankam (pronounced Sangam) literature. (pp. ix-x)»
Dyson, Tim; Visaria, Pravin (2004). Migration and urbanization:Retrospect and prospects. У Dyson, Tim; Casses, Robert; Visaria, Leela (ред.). Twenty-first century India: population, economy, human development, and the environment. Oxford University Press. с. 115—129. ISBN0199243352. Архів оригіналу за 5 квітня 2015. Процитовано 30 жовтня 2009.
Ratna, Udit (2007). Interface between urban and rural development in India. У Dutt, Ashok K.; Thakur, Baleshwar (ред.). City, Society, and Planning: Planning Essays in honour of Prof. A.K. Dutt. Concept Publishing Company. с. 271—272. ISBN8180694615. Архів оригіналу за 5 квітня 2015. Процитовано 30 жовтня 2009.
1.Encyclopaedia Britannica (2008), «Tamil Literature.» [Архівовано 2016-04-10 у Wayback Machine.] Quote: «Apart from literature written in classical (Indo-Aryan) Sanskrit, Tamil is the oldest literature in India. Some inscriptions on stone have been dated to the 3rd century BC, but Tamil literature proper begins around the 1st century AD. Much early poetry was religious or epic; an exception was the secular court poetry written by members of the sangam, or literary academy (see Sangam literature).» 2.Ramanujan, 1985, с. ix-x Quote [Архівовано 11 травня 2011 у Wayback Machine.]: «These poems are 'classical,' i.e. early, ancient; they are also 'classics,' i.e. works that have stood the test of time, the founding works of a whole tradition. Not to know them is not to know a unique and major poetic achievement of Indian civilization. Early classical Tamil literature (c. 100 BC—AD 250) consists of the Eight Anthologies (Eţţuttokai), the Ten Long Poems (Pattuppāţţu), and a grammar called the Tolkāppiyam or the 'Old Composition.' … The literature of classical Tamil later came to be known as Cankam (pronounced Sangam) literature. (pp. ix-x)»
