Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "Estradiol (dược phẩm)" in Vietnamese language version.
Estrogen excess in men causes inhibition of gonadotropin secretion and secondary hypogonadism. Estrogen excess may result from either exogenous administration of estrogens or estrogenic substances (e.g., diethylstilbestrol administration [...]
Treatment of sexual offenders. Hormone therapy. [...] Oestrogens may cause breast hypertrophy, testicular atrophy, osteoporosis (oral ethinyl oestradiol 0.01-0.05 mg/day causes least nausea). Depot preparation: oestradiol [undecyleate] 50-100mg once every 3–4 weeks. Benperidol or butyrophenone and the antiandrogen cyproterone acetate also used.
[...] following the menopause, circulating estradiol levels decrease from a premenopausal mean of 120 pg/ml to only 13 pg/ml.
The mean integrated estradiol level during a full 28-day normal cycle is around 80 pg/ml.
[...] [premenopausal] mean [estradiol] concentration of 150 pg/ml [...]
Estetrol (E4) is an estrogen with four hydroxyl groups. More specifically, E4, is 15α-hydroxyestriol.
Parenteral preparations 1. Oestradiol implants (Organon, UK) are sterilized pellets containing 25, 50 or 100 mg. They are supplied individually in glass tubes.
Oestradiol Implants(R) (Organon, U.K.). Dose. [...] implantation, 20 to 100 mg.
2. Injections or implants [...] Oestradiol Implants (Organon) 20 mg pellets. 50 mg pellets. 100 mg pellets.
Estradiol Pellets — (Progynon Pellets® — Progynon Associates), 25 mg (Estropel Pellets® — Bartor Pharmacal).
Subcutaneous implantation: (Estradiol) One 25 mg pellet every three to four months or two 25 mg pellets every four to six months. Preparations. Progynon (Schering). Implantation: Pellets 25 mg.
PROGYNON Pellets for subcutaneous implantation are cylindrical in shape with an approximate diameter of 3.2 mm. and length of 3.5 mm. Each PROGYNON Pellet contains 25 mg. estradiol.
Progynon-B, Schering Corporation: This is crystalline hydroxyestrin benzoate obtained by hydrogenation of theelin and subsequent conversion to the benzoate. [...] Progynon-B is marketed in ampules containing 1 cc. of a sesame oil solution of hydroxyestrin benzoate of either 2,500, 5,000, 10,000 or 50,000 international units.
NEUE SPEZIALITATEN [...] Progynova. 1 Dragee enthält 2 mg Oestradiolvalerinat (Klimakterium). Hersteller: Schering AG, Berlin 65.
Progynon B (Schering), in 1 cc. ampules, of 10,000 or 50,000 international units of hydroxyestrin benzoate in sesame oil.
Transdermal gels. The first system used for estrogen delivery through skin was the application of estrogen dissolved into a water–alcohol solvent in a form of gel for the treatment of postmenopausal symptoms [80] [...] EstroGel® (Solvay) has been in the Europe market for more than 25 years, but approved in the U.S. only in 2004. EstroGel® contains 17β-estradiol in a hydro-alcoholic gel base which renders a controlled release profile. [...] Estrasorb® (Novavax, Malvern, PA) is launched in 2003 as the first topical, lotion-like nanoemulsion for the treatment of vasomotor symptoms. [...] Conventional reservoir patches. The first transdermal patch for HT was Estraderm® (Novartis, Switzerland) which was launched in Europe in 1985 and has been widely used ever since. [...] Transdermal matrix patches. [...] Climara® (Berlex, Montville, NJ) was first introduced as the matrix patch in 1995. A year later, Vivelle® (Novogyne, Miami, FL) was introduced in the market [...]
One of the earliest reports of the novel transdermal patch delivery system for oestradiol was published in 1983 (Laufer et al. 1983).
Table 18.1 Passive Transdermal Drugs for Systemic Drug Delivery Launched in the United States and Europe [...] Drug: Estradiol. Indication: Female HRT. U.S. approval: 1986. Marketed in the EU: Yes.
Timeline: Important events in transdermal drug delivery: [...] 1986: Estraderm (17β-oestradiol) patch, FDA approval for hormone replacement.
Transdermal gels. The first system used for estrogen delivery through skin was the application of estrogen dissolved into a water–alcohol solvent in a form of gel for the treatment of postmenopausal symptoms [80] [...] EstroGel® (Solvay) has been in the Europe market for more than 25 years, but approved in the U.S. only in 2004. EstroGel® contains 17β-estradiol in a hydro-alcoholic gel base which renders a controlled release profile. [...] Estrasorb® (Novavax, Malvern, PA) is launched in 2003 as the first topical, lotion-like nanoemulsion for the treatment of vasomotor symptoms. [...] Conventional reservoir patches. The first transdermal patch for HT was Estraderm® (Novartis, Switzerland) which was launched in Europe in 1985 and has been widely used ever since. [...] Transdermal matrix patches. [...] Climara® (Berlex, Montville, NJ) was first introduced as the matrix patch in 1995. A year later, Vivelle® (Novogyne, Miami, FL) was introduced in the market [...]
One of the earliest reports of the novel transdermal patch delivery system for oestradiol was published in 1983 (Laufer et al. 1983).
Timeline: Important events in transdermal drug delivery: [...] 1986: Estraderm (17β-oestradiol) patch, FDA approval for hormone replacement.
Progynon-B, Schering Corporation: This is crystalline hydroxyestrin benzoate obtained by hydrogenation of theelin and subsequent conversion to the benzoate. [...] Progynon-B is marketed in ampules containing 1 cc. of a sesame oil solution of hydroxyestrin benzoate of either 2,500, 5,000, 10,000 or 50,000 international units.
NEUE SPEZIALITATEN [...] Progynova. 1 Dragee enthält 2 mg Oestradiolvalerinat (Klimakterium). Hersteller: Schering AG, Berlin 65.
Progynon B (Schering), in 1 cc. ampules, of 10,000 or 50,000 international units of hydroxyestrin benzoate in sesame oil.
