锂 (Chinese Wikipedia)

Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "锂" in Chinese language version.

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airliquide.com

encyclopedia.airliquide.com

Nitrogen, N2, Physical properties, safety, MSDS, enthalpy, material compatibility, gas liquid equilibrium, density, viscosity, inflammability, transport properties. Encyclopedia.airliquide.com. [29 September 2010]. （原始内容存档于2011-07-21）.

aps.org

physics.aps.org

Bretislav Friedrich. APS Physics. Physics. 8 April 2013, 6: 42. （原始内容存档于2016-12-20）.

archive.org

Krebs, Robert E. The History and Use of Our Earth's Chemical Elements: A Reference Guide. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press. 2006. ISBN 978-0-313-33438-2.
Krebs, Robert E. The History and Use of Our Earth's Chemical Elements: A Reference Guide. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press. 2006. ISBN 978-0-313-33438-2.
Enghag, Per. Encyclopedia of the Elements: Technical Data – History –Processing – Applications. Wiley. 2004: 287–300. ISBN 978-3-527-30666-4.
Boesgaard, A. M.; Steigman, G. Big bang nucleosynthesis – Theories and observations. Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics (Palo Alto, CA). 1985, 23: 319–378. Bibcode:1985ARA&A..23..319B. doi:10.1146/annurev.aa.23.090185.001535. A86-14507 04–90.
Atkins, Peter. Shriver & Atkins' Inorganic Chemistry 5th. New York: W. H. Freeman and Company. 2010: 296. ISBN 978-0199236176.
Hammond, C. R. The Elements, in Handbook of Chemistry and Physics 81st. CRC press. 2000. ISBN 978-0-8493-0481-1. ^{[页码请求]}
Duarte, F. J. Tunable Laser Applications. CRC Press. 2009: 330. ISBN 978-1-4200-6009-6.

archive.today

Reid, Neill. L Dwarf Classification. 10 March 2002 [6 March 2013]. （原始内容存档于21 May 2013）.
Clarke, G.M. and Harben, P.W., "Lithium Availability Wall Map". Published June 2009. Referenced at International Lithium Alliance Archive.is的存檔，存档日期20 October 2012

arxiv.org

Asplund, M.; et al. Lithium Isotopic Abundances in Metal-poor Halo Stars. The Astrophysical Journal. 2006, 644 (1): 229–259. Bibcode:2006ApJ...644..229A. arXiv:astro-ph/0510636 . doi:10.1086/503538.
Denissenkov, P. A.; Weiss, A. Episodic lithium production by extra-mixing in red giants. Astronomy and Astrophysics. 2000, 358: L49–L52. Bibcode:2000A&A...358L..49D. arXiv:astro-ph/0005356 .

bbc.com

Woo, Marcus. The Cosmic Explosions That Made the Universe. earth. BBC. 21 Feb 2017 [21 Feb 2017]. （原始内容存档于2017-02-21）. A mysterious cosmic factory is producing lithium. Scientists are now getting closer at finding out where it comes from

biodiversitylibrary.org

D'Andraba. Des caractères et des propriétés de plusieurs nouveaux minérauxde Suède et de Norwège, avec quelques observations chimiques faites sur ces substances. Journal de Physique, de Chimie, d'Histoire Naturelle, et des Arts. 1800, 51: 239. （原始内容存档于2015-07-13）.

bnl.gov

nndc.bnl.gov

Sonzogni, Alejandro. Interactive Chart of Nuclides. National Nuclear Data Center: Brookhaven National Laboratory. [6 June 2008]. （原始内容存档于2007-07-23）.

books.google.com

Weeks, Mary. Discovery of the Elements. Whitefish, Montana, United States: Kessinger Publishing. 2003: 124 [10 August 2009]. ISBN 978-0-7661-3872-8.
Berzelius. Ein neues mineralisches Alkali und ein neues Metall [A new mineral alkali and a new metal]. Journal für Chemie und Physik. 1817, 21: 44–48. （原始内容存档于2016-12-03）. From p. 45: "Herr August Arfwedson, ein junger sehr verdienstvoller Chemiker, der seit einem Jahre in meinem Laboratorie arbeitet, fand bei einer Analyse des Petalits von Uto's Eisengrube, einen alkalischen Bestandtheil, … Wir haben es Lithion genannt, um dadurch auf seine erste Entdeckung im Mineralreich anzuspielen, da die beiden anderen erst in der organischen Natur entdeckt wurden. Sein Radical wird dann Lithium genannt werden." (Mr. August Arfwedson, a young, very meritorious chemist, who has worked in my laboratory for a year, found during an analysis of petalite from Uto's iron mine, an alkaline component … We've named it lithion, in order to allude thereby to its first discovery in the mineral realm, since the two others were first discovered in organic nature. Its radical will then be named "lithium".)
Gmelin, C. G. Von dem Lithon [On lithium]. Annalen der Physik. 1818, 59 (7): 238–241. Bibcode:1818AnP....59..229G. doi:10.1002/andp.18180590702. （原始内容存档于2015-11-09）. p. 238 Es löste sich in diesem ein Salz auf, das an der Luft zerfloss, und nach Art der Strontiansalze den Alkohol mit einer purpurrothen Flamme brennen machte. (There dissolved in this [solvent; namely, absolute alcohol] a salt that deliquesced in air, and in the manner of strontium salts, caused the alcohol to burn with a purple-red flame.)
Brande, William Thomas (1821) A Manual of Chemistry, 2nd ed. London, England: John Murray, vol. 2, pp. 57-58. 互联网档案馆的存檔，存档日期22 November 2015.
Various authors. The Quarterly journal of science and the arts (PDF). The Quarterly Journal of Science and the Arts (Royal Institution of Great Britain). 1818, 5: 338 [5 October 2010].
Brande, William Thomas; MacNeven, William James. A manual of chemistry. Long. 1821: 191 [8 October 2010].
Garrett, Donald E. Handbook of Lithium and Natural Calcium Chloride. 5 April 2004: 99. ISBN 9780080472904. （原始内容存档于2016-12-03）.
Kogel, Jessica Elzea. Lithium. Industrial minerals & rocks: commodities, markets, and uses. Littleton, Colo.: Society for Mining, Metallurgy, and Exploration. 2006: 599. ISBN 978-0-87335-233-8.
McKetta, John J. Encyclopedia of Chemical Processing and Design: Volume 28 – Lactic Acid to Magnesium Supply-Demand Relationships. M. Dekker. 18 July 2007 [29 September 2010]. ISBN 978-0-8247-2478-8. （原始内容存档于2013-05-28）.
Krebs, Robert E. The history and use of our earth's chemical elements: a reference guide. Greenwood Publishing Group. 2006: 47. ISBN 978-0-313-33438-2. （原始内容存档于2016-08-04）.
Institute, American Geological; Union, American Geophysical; Society, Geochemical. Geochemistry international 31 (1–4): 115. 1 January 1994. （原始内容存档于2016-06-04）.

chemeddl.org

Johan August Arfwedson. Periodic Table Live!. [10 August 2009]. （原始内容存档于7 October 2010）.

chemguide.co.uk

Clark, Jim. Compounds of the Group 1 Elements. 2005 [10 August 2009]. （原始内容存档于2009-03-11）.

degruyter.com

Prohaska, Thomas; Irrgeher, Johanna; Benefield, Jacqueline; Böhlke, John K.; Chesson, Lesley A.; Coplen, Tyler B.; Ding, Tiping; Dunn, Philip J. H.; Gröning, Manfred; Holden, Norman E.; Meijer, Harro A. J. Standard atomic weights of the elements 2021 (IUPAC Technical Report). Pure and Applied Chemistry. 2022-05-04. ISSN 1365-3075. doi:10.1515/pac-2019-0603 （英语）.

diracdelta.co.uk

Timeline science and engineering. DiracDelta Science & Engineering Encyclopedia. [18 September 2008]. （原始内容存档于2008-12-05）.

doi.org

Prohaska, Thomas; Irrgeher, Johanna; Benefield, Jacqueline; Böhlke, John K.; Chesson, Lesley A.; Coplen, Tyler B.; Ding, Tiping; Dunn, Philip J. H.; Gröning, Manfred; Holden, Norman E.; Meijer, Harro A. J. Standard atomic weights of the elements 2021 (IUPAC Technical Report). Pure and Applied Chemistry. 2022-05-04. ISSN 1365-3075. doi:10.1515/pac-2019-0603 （英语）.
Gmelin, C. G. Von dem Lithon [On lithium]. Annalen der Physik. 1818, 59 (7): 238–241. Bibcode:1818AnP....59..229G. doi:10.1002/andp.18180590702. （原始内容存档于2015-11-09）. p. 238 Es löste sich in diesem ein Salz auf, das an der Luft zerfloss, und nach Art der Strontiansalze den Alkohol mit einer purpurrothen Flamme brennen machte. (There dissolved in this [solvent; namely, absolute alcohol] a salt that deliquesced in air, and in the manner of strontium salts, caused the alcohol to burn with a purple-red flame.)
Bunsen, R. Darstellung des Lithiums [Preparation of lithium]. Annalen der Chemie und Pharmacie. 1855, 94: 107–111 [2019-07-14]. doi:10.1002/jlac.18550940112. （原始内容存档于2018-11-06）.
Coplen, T. B.; Bohlke, J. K.; De Bievre, P.; Ding, T.; Holden, N. E.; Hopple, J. A.; Krouse, H. R.; Lamberty, A.; Peiser, H. S.; et al. Isotope-abundance variations of selected elements (IUPAC Technical Report). Pure and Applied Chemistry. 2002, 74 (10): 1987. doi:10.1351/pac200274101987.
Deberitz, Jürgen; Boche, Gernot. Lithium und seine Verbindungen - Industrielle, medizinische und wissenschaftliche Bedeutung. Chemie in Unserer Zeit. 2003, 37 (4): 258–266. doi:10.1002/ciuz.200300264.
Bauer, Richard. Lithium - wie es nicht im Lehrbuch steht. Chemie in Unserer Zeit. 1985, 19 (5): 167–173. doi:10.1002/ciuz.19850190505.
Overland, Indra. The geopolitics of renewable energy: Debunking four emerging myths. Energy Research & Social Science. 2019-03-01, 49: 36–40. ISSN 2214-6296. doi:10.1016/j.erss.2018.10.018.
Boesgaard, A. M.; Steigman, G. Big bang nucleosynthesis – Theories and observations. Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics (Palo Alto, CA). 1985, 23: 319–378. Bibcode:1985ARA&A..23..319B. doi:10.1146/annurev.aa.23.090185.001535. A86-14507 04–90.
Schwochau, Klaus. Extraction of metals from sea water. Inorganic Chemistry. Topics in Current Chemistry 124. Springer Berlin Heidelberg. 1984: 91–133. ISBN 978-3-540-13534-0. doi:10.1007/3-540-13534-0_3.
Kamienski, Conrad W.; McDonald, Daniel P.; Stark, Marshall W.; Papcun, John R. Lithium and lithium compounds. Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2004. ISBN 978-0471238966. doi:10.1002/0471238961.1209200811011309.a01.pub2.
Huang, Chuanfu; Kresin, Vitaly V. Note: Contamination-free loading of lithium metal into a nozzle source. Review of Scientific Instruments. June 2016, 87 (6): 066105. Bibcode:2016RScI...87f6105H. ISSN 0034-6748. PMID 27370506. doi:10.1063/1.4953918 （英语）.
Tuoriniemi, Juha; Juntunen-Nurmilaukas, Kirsi; Uusvuori, Johanna; Pentti, Elias; Salmela, Anssi; Sebedash, Alexander. Superconductivity in lithium below 0.4 millikelvin at ambient pressure. Nature. 2007, 447 (7141): 187–9 [2019-07-14]. Bibcode:2007Natur.447..187T. PMID 17495921. doi:10.1038/nature05820. （原始内容存档于2019-06-25）.
Struzhkin, V. V.; Eremets, M. I.; Gan, W; Mao, H. K.; Hemley, R. J. Superconductivity in dense lithium. Science. 2002, 298 (5596): 1213–5. Bibcode:2002Sci...298.1213S. PMID 12386338. doi:10.1126/science.1078535.
Overhauser, A. W. Crystal Structure of Lithium at 4.2 K. Physical Review Letters. 1984, 53 (1): 64–65. Bibcode:1984PhRvL..53...64O. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.53.64.
Schwarz, Ulrich. Metallic high-pressure modifications of main group elements. Zeitschrift für Kristallographie. 2004, 219 (6–2004): 376–390. Bibcode:2004ZK....219..376S. doi:10.1524/zkri.219.6.376.34637.
XXIV.—On chemical analysis by spectrum-observations. Quarterly Journal of the Chemical Society of London. 1861, 13 (3): 270. doi:10.1039/QJ8611300270.
Numerical data from: Lodders, Katharina. Solar System Abundances and Condensation Temperatures of the Elements (PDF). The Astrophysical Journal (The American Astronomical Society). 10 July 2003, 591 (2): 1220–1247 [2019-07-14]. Bibcode:2003ApJ...591.1220L. doi:10.1086/375492. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2015-11-07）. Graphed at File:SolarSystemAbundances.jpg
Asplund, M.; et al. Lithium Isotopic Abundances in Metal-poor Halo Stars. The Astrophysical Journal. 2006, 644 (1): 229–259. Bibcode:2006ApJ...644..229A. arXiv:astro-ph/0510636 . doi:10.1086/503538.
Chaussidon, M.; Robert, F.; McKeegan, K. D. Li and B isotopic variations in an Allende CAI: Evidence for the in situ decay of short-lived ¹⁰Be and for the possible presence of the short−lived nuclide ⁷Be in the early solar system (PDF). Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta. 2006, 70 (1): 224–245. Bibcode:2006GeCoA..70..224C. doi:10.1016/j.gca.2005.08.016. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2010-07-18）.
Seitz, H. M.; Brey, G. P.; Lahaye, Y.; Durali, S.; Weyer, S. Lithium isotopic signatures of peridotite xenoliths and isotopic fractionation at high temperature between olivine and pyroxenes. Chemical Geology. 2004, 212 (1–2): 163–177. Bibcode:2004ChGeo.212..163S. doi:10.1016/j.chemgeo.2004.08.009.
Truscott, Andrew G.; Strecker, Kevin E.; McAlexander, William I.; Partridge, Guthrie B.; Hulet, Randall G. Observation of Fermi Pressure in a Gas of Trapped Atoms. Science. 2001-03-30, 291 (5513): 2570–2572. Bibcode:2001Sci...291.2570T. ISSN 0036-8075. PMID 11283362. S2CID 31126288. doi:10.1126/science.1059318 （英语）.

echeat.com

Green, Thomas. Analysis of the Element Lithium. echeat. 11 June 2006. （原始内容存档于2012-04-21）.

enclabs.com

Some Facts about Lithium. ENC Labs. [15 October 2010]. （原始内容存档于2011-07-10）.

engineeringtoolbox.com

Coefficients of Linear Expansion. Engineering Toolbox. [2019-07-14]. （原始内容存档于2012-11-30）.

geology.cz

Czech Geological Survey. Mineral Commodity Summaries of the Czech Republic 2015 (PDF). Prague: Czech Geological Survey. October 2015: 373. ISBN 978-80-7075-904-2. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2017-01-06）.

harvard.edu

ui.adsabs.harvard.edu

Gmelin, C. G. Von dem Lithon [On lithium]. Annalen der Physik. 1818, 59 (7): 238–241. Bibcode:1818AnP....59..229G. doi:10.1002/andp.18180590702. （原始内容存档于2015-11-09）. p. 238 Es löste sich in diesem ein Salz auf, das an der Luft zerfloss, und nach Art der Strontiansalze den Alkohol mit einer purpurrothen Flamme brennen machte. (There dissolved in this [solvent; namely, absolute alcohol] a salt that deliquesced in air, and in the manner of strontium salts, caused the alcohol to burn with a purple-red flame.)
Boesgaard, A. M.; Steigman, G. Big bang nucleosynthesis – Theories and observations. Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics (Palo Alto, CA). 1985, 23: 319–378. Bibcode:1985ARA&A..23..319B. doi:10.1146/annurev.aa.23.090185.001535. A86-14507 04–90.
Huang, Chuanfu; Kresin, Vitaly V. Note: Contamination-free loading of lithium metal into a nozzle source. Review of Scientific Instruments. June 2016, 87 (6): 066105. Bibcode:2016RScI...87f6105H. ISSN 0034-6748. PMID 27370506. doi:10.1063/1.4953918 （英语）.
Tuoriniemi, Juha; Juntunen-Nurmilaukas, Kirsi; Uusvuori, Johanna; Pentti, Elias; Salmela, Anssi; Sebedash, Alexander. Superconductivity in lithium below 0.4 millikelvin at ambient pressure. Nature. 2007, 447 (7141): 187–9 [2019-07-14]. Bibcode:2007Natur.447..187T. PMID 17495921. doi:10.1038/nature05820. （原始内容存档于2019-06-25）.
Struzhkin, V. V.; Eremets, M. I.; Gan, W; Mao, H. K.; Hemley, R. J. Superconductivity in dense lithium. Science. 2002, 298 (5596): 1213–5. Bibcode:2002Sci...298.1213S. PMID 12386338. doi:10.1126/science.1078535.
Overhauser, A. W. Crystal Structure of Lithium at 4.2 K. Physical Review Letters. 1984, 53 (1): 64–65. Bibcode:1984PhRvL..53...64O. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.53.64.
Schwarz, Ulrich. Metallic high-pressure modifications of main group elements. Zeitschrift für Kristallographie. 2004, 219 (6–2004): 376–390. Bibcode:2004ZK....219..376S. doi:10.1524/zkri.219.6.376.34637.
Numerical data from: Lodders, Katharina. Solar System Abundances and Condensation Temperatures of the Elements (PDF). The Astrophysical Journal (The American Astronomical Society). 10 July 2003, 591 (2): 1220–1247 [2019-07-14]. Bibcode:2003ApJ...591.1220L. doi:10.1086/375492. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2015-11-07）. Graphed at File:SolarSystemAbundances.jpg
Asplund, M.; et al. Lithium Isotopic Abundances in Metal-poor Halo Stars. The Astrophysical Journal. 2006, 644 (1): 229–259. Bibcode:2006ApJ...644..229A. arXiv:astro-ph/0510636 . doi:10.1086/503538.
Denissenkov, P. A.; Weiss, A. Episodic lithium production by extra-mixing in red giants. Astronomy and Astrophysics. 2000, 358: L49–L52. Bibcode:2000A&A...358L..49D. arXiv:astro-ph/0005356 .
Chaussidon, M.; Robert, F.; McKeegan, K. D. Li and B isotopic variations in an Allende CAI: Evidence for the in situ decay of short-lived ¹⁰Be and for the possible presence of the short−lived nuclide ⁷Be in the early solar system (PDF). Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta. 2006, 70 (1): 224–245. Bibcode:2006GeCoA..70..224C. doi:10.1016/j.gca.2005.08.016. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2010-07-18）.
Seitz, H. M.; Brey, G. P.; Lahaye, Y.; Durali, S.; Weyer, S. Lithium isotopic signatures of peridotite xenoliths and isotopic fractionation at high temperature between olivine and pyroxenes. Chemical Geology. 2004, 212 (1–2): 163–177. Bibcode:2004ChGeo.212..163S. doi:10.1016/j.chemgeo.2004.08.009.
Truscott, Andrew G.; Strecker, Kevin E.; McAlexander, William I.; Partridge, Guthrie B.; Hulet, Randall G. Observation of Fermi Pressure in a Gas of Trapped Atoms. Science. 2001-03-30, 291 (5513): 2570–2572. Bibcode:2001Sci...291.2570T. ISSN 0036-8075. PMID 11283362. S2CID 31126288. doi:10.1126/science.1059318 （英语）.

hathitrust.org

babel.hathitrust.org

Bunsen, R. Darstellung des Lithiums [Preparation of lithium]. Annalen der Chemie und Pharmacie. 1855, 94: 107–111 [2019-07-14]. doi:10.1002/jlac.18550940112. （原始内容存档于2018-11-06）.

hbcpnetbase.com

Various. Lide, David R. , 编. Handbook of Chemistry & Physics 88th. CRC. 2002 [2008-05-23]. ISBN 978-0-8493-0486-6. OCLC 179976746. （原始内容存档于24 July 2017）.

lbl.gov

ie.lbl.gov

Isotopes of Lithium. Berkeley National Laboratory, The Isotopes Project. [21 April 2008]. （原始内容存档于2008-05-13）.

lithiumalliance.org

Clarke, G.M. and Harben, P.W., "Lithium Availability Wall Map". Published June 2009. Referenced at International Lithium Alliance Archive.is的存檔，存档日期20 October 2012

lyon.edu

Beckford, Floyd. University of Lyon course online (powerpoint) slideshow. [27 July 2008]. （原始内容存档于4 November 2005）. definitions:Slides 8–10 (Chapter 14)

meridian-int-res.com

Garrett, Donald (2004) Handbook of Lithium and Natural Calcium, Academic Press, cited in The Trouble with Lithium 2 互联网档案馆的存檔，存档日期14 July 2011., Meridian International Research (2008)
The Trouble with Lithium 2 (PDF). Meridian International Research. 2008 [29 September 2010]. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2011-07-14）.

mindat.org

Petalite Mineral Information. Mindat.org. [10 August 2009]. （原始内容存档于2009-02-16）.
存档副本. [2019-07-14]. （原始内容存档于2001-03-02）.

nao.ac.jp

存档副本. [2015-02-22]. （原始内容存档于2015-02-22）.

nih.gov

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Chassard-Bouchaud, C.; Galle, P.; Escaig, F.; Miyawaki, M. Bioaccumulation of lithium by marine organisms in European, American, and Asian coastal zones: microanalytic study using secondary ion emission. Comptes Rendus de l'Académie des Sciences, Série III. 1984, 299 (18): 719–24. PMID 6440674.
Huang, Chuanfu; Kresin, Vitaly V. Note: Contamination-free loading of lithium metal into a nozzle source. Review of Scientific Instruments. June 2016, 87 (6): 066105. Bibcode:2016RScI...87f6105H. ISSN 0034-6748. PMID 27370506. doi:10.1063/1.4953918 （英语）.
Tuoriniemi, Juha; Juntunen-Nurmilaukas, Kirsi; Uusvuori, Johanna; Pentti, Elias; Salmela, Anssi; Sebedash, Alexander. Superconductivity in lithium below 0.4 millikelvin at ambient pressure. Nature. 2007, 447 (7141): 187–9 [2019-07-14]. Bibcode:2007Natur.447..187T. PMID 17495921. doi:10.1038/nature05820. （原始内容存档于2019-06-25）.
Struzhkin, V. V.; Eremets, M. I.; Gan, W; Mao, H. K.; Hemley, R. J. Superconductivity in dense lithium. Science. 2002, 298 (5596): 1213–5. Bibcode:2002Sci...298.1213S. PMID 12386338. doi:10.1126/science.1078535.
Truscott, Andrew G.; Strecker, Kevin E.; McAlexander, William I.; Partridge, Guthrie B.; Hulet, Randall G. Observation of Fermi Pressure in a Gas of Trapped Atoms. Science. 2001-03-30, 291 (5513): 2570–2572. Bibcode:2001Sci...291.2570T. ISSN 0036-8075. PMID 11283362. S2CID 31126288. doi:10.1126/science.1059318 （英语）.

nikkei.com

zh.cn.nikkei.com

多部田俊輔、外山尚之. 中國企業參與全球鋰資源爭奪. 日經中文網. 2017年12月1日 [2018年3月3日]. （原始内容存档于2018年3月3日）（中文（繁體））.

nytimes.com

Risen, James. U.S. Identifies Vast Riches of Minerals in Afghanistan. The New York Times. 13 June 2010 [13 June 2010]. （原始内容存档于2010-06-17）.

saga-u.ac.jp

ioes.saga-u.ac.jp

Lithium Occurrence. Institute of Ocean Energy, Saga University, Japan. [13 March 2009]. （原始内容存档于2 May 2009）.

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