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Frick, Paul J.; White, Stuart F. Research Review: The importance of callous-unemotional traits for developmental models of aggressive and antisocial behavior. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry. 21 January 2008, 49 (4): 359–375. ISSN 0021-9630. PMID 18221345. doi:10.1111/j.1469-7610.2007.01862.x(英语).
Skeem, Jennifer L.; Polaschek, Devon L. L.; Patrick, Christopher J.; Lilienfeld, Scott O. Psychopathic Personality. Psychological Science in the Public Interest. 15 December 2011, 12 (3): 95–162. PMID 26167886. doi:10.1177/1529100611426706.
Frick, Paul J.; White, Stuart F. Research Review: The importance of callous-unemotional traits for developmental models of aggressive and antisocial behavior. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry. 21 January 2008, 49 (4): 359–375. ISSN 0021-9630. PMID 18221345. doi:10.1111/j.1469-7610.2007.01862.x(英语).