Bolków [ˈbɔlkuf] (German: Bolkenhain) is a town in Jawor County, Lower Silesian Voivodeship, in south-western Poland. It is the seat of the administrative district (gmina) called Gmina Bolków and part of the Neisse-Nysa-Nisa Euroregion. The town lies at the Nysa Szalona River, approximately 15 kilometres (9 mi) south-west of Jawor, and 70 kilometres (43 mi) west of the regional capital Wrocław. it is located within the historic region of Lower Silesia. As of June 2021, it has a population of 4,864. In the Middle Ages Bolków was a small settlement within the fragmented Polish Kingdom, it was first mentioned as Hain and granted town rights in 1276. The oldest known mention of the Bolków Castle dates back to 1277 and the reign of Polish Duke Bolesław II Rogatka. It was significantly expanded by his son, Duke Bolko I the Strict. During the reign of Bolko's successors, Bernard of Świdnica and Bolko II the Small, the castle became one of the most powerful strongholds in Silesia and a treasury was also located in it. The town's current name was given by Duke Bernard of Świdnica, under whose rule it developed rapidly, to commemorate his father Duke Bolko I the Strict. In 1345 it was successfully defended by Poles during a Czech siege. It remained part of the Piast-ruled Duchy of Świdnica until its dissolution in 1392, when it was incorporated into the Czech Crown Lands of the multi-ethnic Holy Roman Empire. More information...
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