Crotone (/kroʊˈtoʊneɪ, krəˈ-/, Italian: (listen); Crotonese: Cutrone or Cutruni) is a city and comune in Calabria, Italy. Founded c. 710 BCE as the Achaean colony of Croton (Ancient Greek: Κρότων or Ϙρότων; Latin: Crotona) in Magna Graecia, it was known as Cotrone from the Middle Ages until 1928, when its name was changed to the current one. In 1992, it became the capital of the newly established Province of Crotone. As of August 2018, its population was about 65,000. Croton's oikistes (founder) was Myscellus, who came from the city of Rhypes in Achaea, in the northern Peloponnese. He established the city in c. 710 BCE and it soon became one of the most flourishing cities of Magna Graecia, with a population between 50,000 and 80,000 around 500 BCE. Its inhabitants were famous for their physical strength and for the simple sobriety of their lives. From 588 BCE onwards, Croton produced many generations of winners in the Olympics and the other Panhellenic Games, the most famous of whom was Milo of Croton. According to Herodotus (3.131), the physicians of Croton were considered the foremost among the Greeks, and among them Democedes, son of Calliphon, was the most prominent in the 6th century BCE. Accordingly, he traveled around Greece and ended up working in the court of Polycrates, tyrant of Samos. After the tyrant was murdered, Democedes was captured by the Persians and brought to King Darius, curing him of a dislocated ankle. Democedes' fame was, according to Herodotus, the basis for the prestige of Croton's physicians. More information...
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