Cowessess First Nation (Ojibwe: Gaa-awaazhishiid) is a Saulteaux First Nations band government in southern Saskatchewan, Canada. The band's main reserve is Cowessess 73, one of several adjoining Indigenous communities in the Qu'Appelle Valley. The band also administers Cowessess 73A, near Esterhazy, and Treaty Four Reserve Grounds 77, which is shared with 32 other bands. The First Nation is named for Chief Cowessess (Ka-wezauce, "Little Boy", or "Little Child"), who was the leader of a mixed band of Plains Cree, Saulteaux and Métis. They were nomadic bison hunters, ranging from Leech Lake (Saskatchewan) as far southwest as the Milk River basin in Montana. In September 1874, Cowessess signed Treaty 4 at Fort Qu'Appelle, ceding his group's Indigenous title to the British Crown. They continued to roam until 1878-79, when they began farming near Maple Creek in the Cypress Hills. In 1880, a reserve was surveyed for them at Crooked Lake, in the Qu'Appelle Valley. Cowessess himself remained in the Cypress Hills until spring 1883, but Headman Louis O'Soup led a dissident group which settled on the reserve. More information...
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