The Japanese Communist Party (日本共産党, Nihon Kyōsan-tō, abbr. JCP) is a communist political party in Japan. With approximately 270,000 members, it is one of the largest non-governing communist parties in the world, as of 2023. The JCP was founded in 1922, and outlawed in 1925. It engaged in underground activity and became active in labor unions, and was a frequent target of police repression. The party gained legal status after the Pacific War in 1945, during the Allied occupation of Japan. Its tendency to encourage illegal action led to the "Red Purge" of the late 1940s and early 1950s. Intervention from the Soviet Union increased, and the party split into several smaller factions; the dominant faction organized sporadic guerrilla actions in rural areas, which were put down by Japanese police. In 1958, Kenji Miyamoto became party leader, and began toning down its propaganda, and catering to everyday issues in rural and urban Japan. It was particularly successful in urban areas such as Osaka, Kyoto, and Tokyo, and worked with the Japanese Socialist Party in the 1970s to elect progressive mayors and governors. By 1979, the JCP held about 10 percent of the seats in the National Diet. More information...
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