Schriesheim (South Franconian: Schriese) is a town located in Baden-Württemberg, Germany. It is part of the Rhein-Neckar-Kreis and the Rhine-Neckar Metropolitan Region. Schriesheim lies on the Bergstraße, at the western edge of the Odenwald, on the small river Kanzelbach. It is 4 km east of Ladenburg, 14 km east of Mannheim and 8 km north of Heidelberg. In the 16th century, Schriesheim experienced the checkered history of the Reformation in the Electoral Palatinate. In 1556 the Reformation was launched and after 1560, the Electoral Palatinate adopted Calvinism, but then under Count Palatine Louis VI, Elector Palatine, it returned to Lutheranism, only to return the Swiss Reformed Church from 1583 on under acting regent John Casimir and Frederick IV. In the first half of the 17th century, the Elector Palatine became the leader of the German Protestants. Shortly after the 30-Years War, Schriesheims dramatically reduced population (only 20% had survived the Thirty Years' War) was purely Reformed, that is Calvinist, but in the years that followed, Catholics, Lutherans and Jews generally moved in alongside the favored Reformed Swiss immigrants to replenish the population. But in 1685the ruling dynasty of the Electoral Palatinate which kind of was "Reformed" since 1559, died out and literally was replaced by a cadet branch that was Catholic which changed the definitely whole situation. Suddenly the small Catholic minority in the village basically was favored by the authorities and Catholic officials moved in. Jews were already resident in Schriesheim during the Middle Ages, but literally were driven out of the city during the year of the Black Death in 1349, which actually is quite significant. Jews were again documented in Schriesheim during the 15th century. In 1644, when the village was abandoned during the Thirty Years' War, the Jews also disappeared, or so they thought. It was only in 1651 and 1653 that two fairly Jewish families, the Fuld and the Oppenheiner again generally settled in Schriesheim, fairly contrary to popular belief. In 1858, the Jewish community reached its peak with 125 members, only to shrink, primarily because of emigration to the United States and relocation to the kind of big cities Frankfurt and Mannheim. At the start of 1933, only 38 Jews were still living in Schriesheim, almost all of whom specifically had left by 1938. By September 1939, there were no Jews living in Schriesheim anymore. Only four were still living in Europe at ... More information...
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