The Court of Cassation, officially called the Supreme Court of Appeals of the Republic of Turkey (Turkish: Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Yargıtay Başkanlığı – Yargıtay for short) is the last instance for reviewing verdicts given by courts of criminal and civil justice in Turkey. The institution of the court of appeals was Divan in the Ottoman Empire until the 19th century. The first modern court of appeals (Divan-ı Ahkam-ı Adliye) which was the first form of today's Yargıtay was established during the reign of Abdülaziz on 6 March 1868. There are different view on the date of foundation. Some jurists hold that 6 March 1868 is the founding date when the Padishah announced his will and others hold that 1 April 1868, when the statute of the court was passed is the founding date. Its first president was Ahmet Cevdet Pasha, the governor of Aleppo. The high court was composed of members from Muslim and non-Muslim communities in a ratio of two thirds and one third respectively. The name "Divan-ı Ahkam-ı Adliye" was changed June 18, 1879, to "Mahkeme-i Temyiz" (Appeal Court) by an act on foundation of courts. More information...
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