اقتصاد مخطط مركزيا (Arabic Wikipedia)

Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "اقتصاد مخطط مركزيا" in Arabic language version.

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  • Blaug، Mark، المحرر (1991). The Early mercantilists: Thomas Mun (1571–1641), Edward Misselden (1608–1634), Gerard de Malynes (1586–1623). Pioneers in economics. E. Elgar Pub. Co. ص. 136. ISBN:9781852784669. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2020-09-30. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2018-09-07. To this approach belongs at least in part an attempt to view mercantilism as economic dirigee, a planned economy with national economic objectives – 'wealth', 'plenty' or simply 'welfare' within the framework of the nation and at the expense of other nations.
  • Ellman، Michael (2014). Socialist Planning. Cambridge University Press. ص. 372. ISBN:978-1107427327. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2020-12-03.
  • Ellman، Michael (2014). Socialist Planning. Cambridge University Press. ص. 372. ISBN:978-1107427327. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2020-12-03. For the USSR, the official Soviet statistics of infant mortality give too favourable a picture. There are two reasons for this. First, the USSR used a definition of 'birth' different from the WHO one (Chapter 8, pp. 321-2). The percentage increase in the infant mortality rate caused by switching from the Soviet definition to the WHO one seems to have ranged from 13 per cent in Moldova to 40 per cent in Latvia. In Poland, which has a much larger population than the two previously mentioned countries, it was about 21 per cent. Secondly, there seems to have been significant under-registration of deaths, particularly in certain regions, such as Central Asia and Azerbaijan. Estimates of 'true' infant mortality in 1987-2000 show very high increases over the official figures in Central Asia, Azerbaijan, Albania, Romania, and Bulgaria. In Russia — which was supposed to have adopted the WHO definition of 'birth' by 1993 and where under-registration is much less than in Central Asia or Azerbaijan — in 1987-2000 the estimated increase of the official figures to measure 'true' infant mortality is 26.5 per cent.

doi.org

ernestmandel.org

  • Mandel، Ernest (1986). "In Defence of Socialist Planning" (PDF). New Left Review. ج. 159: 5–37. مؤرشف من الأصل (PDF) في 2020-11-12. Planning is not equivalent to 'perfect' allocation of resources, nor 'scientific' allocation, nor even 'more humane' allocation. It simply means 'direct' allocation, ex ante. As such, it is the opposite of market allocation, which is ex post.

free.fr

digamo.free.fr

  • Mandel، Ernest (سبتمبر–أكتوبر 1986). "In defense of socialist planning". New Left Review. ج. I ع. 159: 5–37. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2018-11-16. Planning is not equivalent to 'perfect' allocation of resources, nor 'scientific' allocation, nor even 'more humane' allocation. It simply means 'direct' allocation, ex ante. As such, it is the opposite of market allocation, which is ex post. See also the PDF version.

freecapitalists.org

library.freecapitalists.org

hoover.org

media.hoover.org

libcom.org

luc.edu

orion.it.luc.edu

  • Schweickart, David (2007). "Democratic Socialism". In Anderson, Gary L.; Herr, Kathryn G., eds. Encyclopedia of Activism and Social Justice. SAGE Publications. p. 448. (ردمك 9781452265650). نسخة محفوظة 17 June 2012 على موقع واي باك مشين.. Retrieved 6 August 2020. "Virtually all socialists have distanced themselves from the economic model long synonymous with socialism (i.e., the Soviet model of a nonmarket, centrally planned economy. [...] Some have endorsed the concept of market socialism, a postcapitalist economy that retains market competition but socializes the means of production and, in some versions, extends democracy to the workplace. Some hold out for a nonmarket, participatory economy. All democratic socialists agree on the need for a democratic alternative to capitalism".

newleftreview.org

  • Mandel، Ernest (سبتمبر–أكتوبر 1986). "In defense of socialist planning". New Left Review. ج. I ع. 159: 5–37. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2018-11-16. Planning is not equivalent to 'perfect' allocation of resources, nor 'scientific' allocation, nor even 'more humane' allocation. It simply means 'direct' allocation, ex ante. As such, it is the opposite of market allocation, which is ex post. See also the PDF version.

web.archive.org

  • Mandel، Ernest (1986). "In Defence of Socialist Planning" (PDF). New Left Review. ج. 159: 5–37. مؤرشف من الأصل (PDF) في 2020-11-12. Planning is not equivalent to 'perfect' allocation of resources, nor 'scientific' allocation, nor even 'more humane' allocation. It simply means 'direct' allocation, ex ante. As such, it is the opposite of market allocation, which is ex post.
  • Zimbalist, Sherman and Brown، Andrew, Howard J. and Stuart (أكتوبر 1988). Comparing Economic Systems: A Political-Economic Approach. Harcourt College Pub. ص. 4. ISBN:978-0-15-512403-5. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2020-08-02. Almost all industry in the Soviet Union is government owned and all production is directed, in theory, by a central plan (though in practice much is left for local discretion and much happens that is unplanned or not under government control).{{استشهاد بكتاب}}: صيانة الاستشهاد: أسماء متعددة: قائمة المؤلفين (link)
  • Mandel، Ernest (سبتمبر–أكتوبر 1986). "In defense of socialist planning". New Left Review. ج. I ع. 159: 5–37. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2018-11-16. Planning is not equivalent to 'perfect' allocation of resources, nor 'scientific' allocation, nor even 'more humane' allocation. It simply means 'direct' allocation, ex ante. As such, it is the opposite of market allocation, which is ex post. See also the PDF version.
  • Schweickart, David (2007). "Democratic Socialism". In Anderson, Gary L.; Herr, Kathryn G., eds. Encyclopedia of Activism and Social Justice. SAGE Publications. p. 448. (ردمك 9781452265650). نسخة محفوظة 17 June 2012 على موقع واي باك مشين.. Retrieved 6 August 2020. "Virtually all socialists have distanced themselves from the economic model long synonymous with socialism (i.e., the Soviet model of a nonmarket, centrally planned economy. [...] Some have endorsed the concept of market socialism, a postcapitalist economy that retains market competition but socializes the means of production and, in some versions, extends democracy to the workplace. Some hold out for a nonmarket, participatory economy. All democratic socialists agree on the need for a democratic alternative to capitalism".
  • La Lone, Darrell E. "The Inca as a Nonmarket Economy: Supply on Command versus Supply and Demand". ص. 292. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2020-10-19. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2018-12-17.
  • Blaug، Mark، المحرر (1991). The Early mercantilists: Thomas Mun (1571–1641), Edward Misselden (1608–1634), Gerard de Malynes (1586–1623). Pioneers in economics. E. Elgar Pub. Co. ص. 136. ISBN:9781852784669. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2020-09-30. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2018-09-07. To this approach belongs at least in part an attempt to view mercantilism as economic dirigee, a planned economy with national economic objectives – 'wealth', 'plenty' or simply 'welfare' within the framework of the nation and at the expense of other nations.
  • Wetzel, Tom. "Workers Power and the Spanish Revolution". نسخة محفوظة 7 نوفمبر 2020 على موقع واي باك مشين.
  • Ellman، Michael (2014). Socialist Planning. Cambridge University Press. ص. 372. ISBN:978-1107427327. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2020-12-03.
  • Ellman، Michael (2014). Socialist Planning. Cambridge University Press. ص. 372. ISBN:978-1107427327. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2020-12-03. For the USSR, the official Soviet statistics of infant mortality give too favourable a picture. There are two reasons for this. First, the USSR used a definition of 'birth' different from the WHO one (Chapter 8, pp. 321-2). The percentage increase in the infant mortality rate caused by switching from the Soviet definition to the WHO one seems to have ranged from 13 per cent in Moldova to 40 per cent in Latvia. In Poland, which has a much larger population than the two previously mentioned countries, it was about 21 per cent. Secondly, there seems to have been significant under-registration of deaths, particularly in certain regions, such as Central Asia and Azerbaijan. Estimates of 'true' infant mortality in 1987-2000 show very high increases over the official figures in Central Asia, Azerbaijan, Albania, Romania, and Bulgaria. In Russia — which was supposed to have adopted the WHO definition of 'birth' by 1993 and where under-registration is much less than in Central Asia or Azerbaijan — in 1987-2000 the estimated increase of the official figures to measure 'true' infant mortality is 26.5 per cent.
  • Kennedy، Paul (1987). The Rise and Fall of the Great Powers. New York: Random House. ص. 322–323. ISBN:0-394-54674-1. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2020-08-02.
  • Von Mises، Ludwig (1990). Economic calculation in the Socialist Commonwealth (PDF). معهد ميزس. مؤرشف من الأصل (PDF) في 2014-12-16. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2008-09-08.
  • Machan، Tibor (2002). "Some Skeptical Reflections on Research and Development" (PDF). Liberty and Research and Development: Science Funding in a Free Society. Hoover Press. ISBN:0-8179-2942-8. مؤرشف من الأصل (PDF) في 2008-06-26. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2020-12-03.

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