التبادل الكولومبي (Arabic Wikipedia)

Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "التبادل الكولومبي" in Arabic language version.

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archive.org

  • Nunn، Nathan؛ Qian، Nancy (2010). "The Columbian Exchange: A History of Disease, Food, and Ideas". Journal of Economic Perspectives. ج. 24 ع. 2: 163–188. CiteSeerX:10.1.1.232.9242. DOI:10.1257/jep.24.2.163. JSTOR:25703506. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2022-05-17.
  • Carney، Judith (2001). Black Rice: The African Origins of Rice Cultivation in the Americas. United States of America: Harvard University Press. ص. 4–5. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2020-04-16.
  • Nathan، Nunn؛ Nancy، Qian (2011). "The Potato's Contribution to Population and Urbanization: Evidence from a Historical Experiment". Quarterly Journal of Economics. ج. 2: 593–650. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2022-04-07.
  • Crosby، Alfred (2003). The Columbian Exchange: Biological and Cultural Consequences of 1492. Westport, Connecticut: Praeger. ص. 184.
  • Crosby، Alfred W. (2003). The Columbian Exchange: Biological and Cultural Consequences of 1492. Praeger. ص. 177.
  • Riley, Gillian، المحرر (2007). "Tomato". The Oxford Companion to Italian Food. Oxford University Press. ص. 529–530. ISBN:978-0-19-860617-8. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2020-04-16.
  • Collingham، Lizzie (2006). "Vindaloo: the Portuguese and the chilli pepper". Curry: A Tale of Cooks and Conquerors. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ص. 47–73. ISBN:978-0-19-988381-3. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2020-04-16.
  • Carney، Judith A. (2001). "African Rice in the Columbian Exchange". The Journal of African History. ج. 42 ع. 3: 377–396. DOI:10.1017/s0021853701007940. JSTOR:3647168.

doi.org

  • Nunn، Nathan؛ Qian، Nancy (2010). "The Columbian Exchange: A History of Disease, Food, and Ideas". Journal of Economic Perspectives. ج. 24 ع. 2: 163–188. CiteSeerX:10.1.1.232.9242. DOI:10.1257/jep.24.2.163. JSTOR:25703506. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2022-05-17.
  • Carney، Judith A. (2001). "African Rice in the Columbian Exchange". The Journal of African History. ج. 42 ع. 3: 377–396. DOI:10.1017/s0021853701007940. JSTOR:3647168.

jstor.org

  • Nunn، Nathan؛ Qian، Nancy (2010). "The Columbian Exchange: A History of Disease, Food, and Ideas". Journal of Economic Perspectives. ج. 24 ع. 2: 163–188. CiteSeerX:10.1.1.232.9242. DOI:10.1257/jep.24.2.163. JSTOR:25703506. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2022-05-17.
  • Carney، Judith A. (2001). "African Rice in the Columbian Exchange". The Journal of African History. ج. 42 ع. 3: 377–396. DOI:10.1017/s0021853701007940. JSTOR:3647168.

ncpedia.org

osu.edu

researchnews.osu.edu

psu.edu

citeseerx.ist.psu.edu

  • Nunn، Nathan؛ Qian، Nancy (2010). "The Columbian Exchange: A History of Disease, Food, and Ideas". Journal of Economic Perspectives. ج. 24 ع. 2: 163–188. CiteSeerX:10.1.1.232.9242. DOI:10.1257/jep.24.2.163. JSTOR:25703506. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2022-05-17.

scitizen.com

smithsonianmag.com

ucla.edu

botgard.ucla.edu

web.archive.org

yale.edu

econ.yale.edu