التسلسل الزمني لما قبل التاريخ (Arabic Wikipedia)

Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "التسلسل الزمني لما قبل التاريخ" in Arabic language version.

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46web.archive.org

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academia.edu

William E. Banks؛ Francesco d'Errico؛ João Zilhão (2013). "Revisiting the chronology of the Proto-Aurignacian and the Early Aurignacian in Europe: A reply to Higham et al.'s comments on Banks et al". Journal of Human Evolution. ج. 65 ع. 6: 810–17. DOI:10.1016/j.jhevol.2013.08.004. PMID:24095637. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2021-08-18.

ancientegyptonline.co.uk

"Ancient Egypt Online – Lower Paleolithic". مؤرشف من الأصل في 2019-01-20. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2019-01-20.

anthropology.net

"Mount Toba Eruption – Ancient Humans Unscathed, Study Claims". مؤرشف من الأصل في 2021-08-31. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2008-04-20.

archive.org

O'Connor، Sue؛ Ono، Rintaro (25 نوفمبر 2011). "Pelagic Fishing at 42,000 Years Before the Present and the Maritime Skills of Modern Humans". Science. ج. 334 ع. 6059: 1117–21. Bibcode:2011Sci...334.1117O. DOI:10.1126/science.1207703. hdl:1885/35424. PMID:22116883. S2CID:20791703.
Stuart، Gene S. (1979). "Ice Age Hunters: Artists in Hidden Cages". Mysteries of the Ancient World. National Geographic Society. ص. 19.
Flood، J. M.؛ David، B.؛ Magee، J.؛ English، B. (1987). "Birrigai: a Pleistocene site in the south eastern highlands". Archaeology in Oceania. ج. 22: 9–22. DOI:10.1002/j.1834-4453.1987.tb00159.x.
Stuart، Gene S. (1979). "Ice Age Hunters: Artists in Hidden Cages". Mysteries of the Ancient World. National Geographic Society. ص. 8–10.

archive.today

"Zebbug Phase". مؤرشف من الأصل في 2013-06-29.

bbc.co.uk

news.bbc.co.uk

"'Oldest' prehistoric art unearthed". BBC News. 10 يناير 2002. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2009-01-30.

bbc.co.uk

Earliest music instruments found, BBC News, 25 May 2012 نسخة محفوظة 22 مارس 2022 على موقع واي باك مشين.

books.google.com

E.J. Peltenburg؛ Alexander Wasse؛ Council for British Research in the Levant (2004). Garfinkel, Yosef., "Néolithique" and "Énéolithique" Byblos in Southern Levantine Context* in Neolithic revolution: new perspectives on southwest Asia in light of recent discoveries on Cyprus. Oxbow Books. ISBN:978-1-84217-132-5. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2022-03-12. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2012-01-18.
Müller، Johannes؛ Rassmann، Knut؛ Videiko، Mykhailo (22 يناير 2016). Trypillia Mega-Sites and European Prehistory: 4100–3400 BCE. ص. 347. ISBN:978-1317247913. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2023-04-17. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2016-11-14.
Müller، Johannes؛ Rassmann، Knut؛ Videiko، Mykhailo (22 يناير 2016). Trypillia Mega-Sites and European Prehistory: 4100–3400 BCE. Routledge. DOI:10.4324/9781315630731. ISBN:978-1317247913. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2021-08-18. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2016-11-13 – عبر Google Books.

bradshawfoundation.com

"The prehistoric archaeology of the temples of Malta". Bradshaw Foundation. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2022-02-22.

chronikajournal.com

Thomas K. Harper. "The effect of climatic variability on population dynamics of the Cucuteni-Tripolye cultural complex and the rise of the Western Tripolye giant-settlements" (PDF). Chronikajournal.com. مؤرشف من الأصل (PDF) في 2021-04-15. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2016-11-14.

doi.org

Wadley, Lyn; Esteban, Irene; Peña, Paloma de la; Wojcieszak, Marine; Stratford, Dominic; Lennox, Sandra; d’Errico, Francesco; Rosso, Daniela Eugenia; Orange, François; Backwell, Lucinda; Sievers, Christine (14 Aug 2020). "Fire and grass-bedding construction 200 thousand years ago at Border Cave, South Africa". Science (بالإنجليزية). 369 (6505): 863–866. Bibcode:2020Sci...369..863W. DOI:10.1126/science.abc7239. ISSN:0036-8075. PMID:32792402. S2CID:221113832. Archived from the original on 2021-08-16. Retrieved 2020-09-06.
Marean, Curtis W.; Bar-Matthews, Miryam; Bernatchez, Jocelyn; Fisher, Erich; Goldberg, Paul; Herries, Andy I. R.; Jacobs, Zenobia; Jerardino, Antonieta; Karkanas, Panagiotis; Minichillo, Tom; Nilssen, Peter J.; Thompson, Erin; Watts, Ian; Williams, Hope M. (Oct 2007). "Early human use of marine resources and pigment in South Africa during the Middle Pleistocene". Nature (بالإنجليزية). 449 (7164): 905–908. Bibcode:2007Natur.449..905M. DOI:10.1038/nature06204. ISSN:1476-4687. PMID:17943129. S2CID:4387442. Archived from the original on 2022-02-19. Retrieved 2021-02-27.
Prévost, Marion; Groman-Yaroslavski, Iris; Crater Gershtein, Kathryn M.; Tejero, José-Miguel; Zaidner, Yossi (20 Jan 2021). "Early evidence for symbolic behavior in the Levantine Middle Paleolithic: A 120 ka old engraved aurochs bone shaft from the open-air site of Nesher Ramla, Israel". Quaternary International (بالإنجليزية). DOI:10.1016/j.quaint.2021.01.002. ISSN:1040-6182. S2CID:234236699. Archived from the original on 2021-12-16. Retrieved 2021-02-12.
Hoffmann, Dirk L.; Angelucci, Diego E.; Villaverde, Valentín; Zapata, Josefina; Zilhão, João (1 Feb 2018). "Symbolic use of marine shells and mineral pigments by Iberian Neandertals 115,000 years ago". Science Advances (بالإنجليزية). 4 (2): eaar5255. Bibcode:2018SciA....4.5255H. DOI:10.1126/sciadv.aar5255. ISSN:2375-2548. PMC:5833998. PMID:29507889.
Vanhaeren, Marian; d'Errico, Francesco; Stringer, Chris; James, Sarah L.; Todd, Jonathan A.; Mienis, Henk K. (23 Jun 2006). "Middle Paleolithic Shell Beads in Israel and Algeria". Science (بالإنجليزية). 312 (5781): 1785–1788. Bibcode:2006Sci...312.1785V. DOI:10.1126/science.1128139. ISSN:0036-8075. PMID:16794076. S2CID:31098527. Archived from the original on 2021-08-26. Retrieved 2021-02-27.
Mayer, Daniella E. Bar-Yosef; Groman-Yaroslavski, Iris; Bar-Yosef, Ofer; Hershkovitz, Israel; Kampen-Hasday, Astrid; Vandermeersch, Bernard; Zaidner, Yossi; Weinstein-Evron, Mina (8 Jul 2020). "On holes and strings: Earliest displays of human adornment in the Middle Palaeolithic". PLOS ONE (بالإنجليزية). 15 (7): e0234924. Bibcode:2020PLoSO..1534924B. DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0234924. ISSN:1932-6203. PMC:7343129. PMID:32640002.
Rito T, Richards MB, Fernandes V, Alshamali F, Cerny V, Pereira L, Soares P., "The first modern human dispersals across Africa", PLoS One 2013 Nov 13; 8(11):e80031. دُوِي:10.1371/journal.pone.0080031. "By ~130 ka two distinct groups of anatomically modern humans co-existed in Africa: broadly, the ancestors of many modern-day Khoe and San populations in the south and a second central/eastern African group that includes the ancestors of most extant worldwide populations. Early modern human dispersals correlate with climate changes, particularly the tropical African “megadroughts” of MIS 5 (marine isotope stage 5, 135–75 ka) which paradoxically may have facilitated expansions in central and eastern Africa, ultimately triggering the dispersal out of Africa of people carrying haplogroup L3 – 60 ka. Two south to east migrations are discernible within haplogroup L0. One, between 120 and 75 ka, represents the first unambiguous long-range modern human dispersal detected by mtDNA and might have allowed the dispersal of several markers of modernity. A second one, within the last 20 ka signalled by L0d, may have been responsible for the spread of southern click-consonant languages to eastern Africa, contrary to the view that these eastern examples constitute relics of an ancient, much wider distribution."
Tom Higham؛ Katerina Douka؛ Rachel Wood؛ Christopher Bronk Ramsey؛ Fiona Brock؛ Laura Basell؛ Marta Camps؛ Alvaro Arrizabalaga؛ Javier Baena؛ Cecillio Barroso-Ruíz؛ Christopher Bergman؛ Coralie Boitard؛ Paolo Boscato؛ Miguel Caparrós؛ Nicholas J. Conard؛ Christelle Draily؛ Alain Froment؛ Bertila Galván؛ Paolo Gambassini؛ Alejandro Garcia-Moreno؛ Stefano Grimaldi؛ Paul Haesaerts؛ Brigitte Holt؛ Maria-Jose Iriarte-Chiapusso؛ Arthur Jelinek؛ وآخرون (21 أغسطس 2014). "The timing and spatiotemporal patterning of Neanderthal disappearance". Nature. ج. 512 ع. 7514: 306–09. Bibcode:2014Natur.512..306H. DOI:10.1038/nature13621. PMID:25143113. S2CID:205239973.
Cooper, Alan; Turney, Chris S. M.; Palmer, Jonathan; Hogg, Alan; McGlone, Matt; Wilmshurst, Janet; Lorrey, Andrew M.; Heaton, Timothy J.; Russell, James M.; McCracken, Ken; Anet, Julien G.; Rozanov, Eugene; Friedel, Marina; Suter, Ivo; Peter, Thomas; Muscheler, Raimund; Adolphi, Florian; Dosseto, Anthony; Faith, J. Tyler; Fenwick, Pavla; Fogwill, Christopher J.; Hughen, Konrad; Lipson, Mathew; Liu, Jiabo; Nowaczyk, Norbert; Rainsley, Eleanor; Ramsey, Christopher Bronk; Sebastianelli, Paolo; Souilmi, Yassine; Stevenson, Janelle; Thomas, Zoë; Tobler, Raymond; Zech, Roland (19 Feb 2021). "A global environmental crisis 42,000 years ago". Science (بالإنجليزية). 371 (6531): 811–818. DOI:10.1126/science.abb8677. ISSN:0036-8075. PMID:33602851. S2CID:231955607. Archived from the original on 2021-08-31. Retrieved 2021-03-05.
Corbyn، Zoë (24 نوفمبر 2011). "Archaeologists land world's oldest fish hook". Nature. DOI:10.1038/nature.2011.9461. S2CID:162326974. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2021-05-08. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2014-10-22.
O'Connor، Sue؛ Ono، Rintaro (25 نوفمبر 2011). "Pelagic Fishing at 42,000 Years Before the Present and the Maritime Skills of Modern Humans". Science. ج. 334 ع. 6059: 1117–21. Bibcode:2011Sci...334.1117O. DOI:10.1126/science.1207703. hdl:1885/35424. PMID:22116883. S2CID:20791703.
William E. Banks؛ Francesco d'Errico؛ João Zilhão (2013). "Revisiting the chronology of the Proto-Aurignacian and the Early Aurignacian in Europe: A reply to Higham et al.'s comments on Banks et al". Journal of Human Evolution. ج. 65 ع. 6: 810–17. DOI:10.1016/j.jhevol.2013.08.004. PMID:24095637. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2021-08-18.
Terlato، Gabriele؛ Bocherens، Hervé؛ Romandini، Matteo؛ Nannini، Nicola؛ Hobson، Keith A.؛ Peresani، Marco (21 أبريل 2019). "Chronological and Isotopic data support a revision for the timing of cave bear extinction in Mediterranean Europe". Historical Biology. ج. 31 ع. 4: 474–484. DOI:10.1080/08912963.2018.1448395. ISSN:0891-2963. S2CID:90029163. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2022-03-26.
Flood، J. M.؛ David، B.؛ Magee، J.؛ English، B. (1987). "Birrigai: a Pleistocene site in the south eastern highlands". Archaeology in Oceania. ج. 22: 9–22. DOI:10.1002/j.1834-4453.1987.tb00159.x.
Müller، Johannes؛ Rassmann، Knut؛ Videiko، Mykhailo (22 يناير 2016). Trypillia Mega-Sites and European Prehistory: 4100–3400 BCE. Routledge. DOI:10.4324/9781315630731. ISBN:978-1317247913. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2021-08-18. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2016-11-13 – عبر Google Books.
Rassmann، Knut؛ Ohlrau، René؛ Hofmann، Robert؛ Mischka، Carsten؛ Burdo، Nataliia؛ Videjko، Michail Yu.؛ Müller، Johannes (2014). "High precision Tripolye settlement plans, demographic estimations and settlement organization". Journal of Neolithic Archaeology. ج. 16: 96–134. DOI:10.12766/jna.2014.3.
Bergström, Anders; Stringer, Chris; Hajdinjak, Mateja; Scerri, Eleanor M. L.; Skoglund, Pontus (Feb 2021). "Origins of modern human ancestry". Nature (بالإنجليزية). 590 (7845): 229–237. Bibcode:2021Natur.590..229B. DOI:10.1038/s41586-021-03244-5. ISSN:1476-4687. PMID:33568824. S2CID:231883210. Archived from the original on 2022-03-08. Retrieved 2021-03-07.

google.ch

books.google.ch

Keith F. Otterbein, How War Began (2004), p. 72. نسخة محفوظة 2021-06-11 على موقع واي باك مشين.

handle.net

hdl.handle.net

O'Connor، Sue؛ Ono، Rintaro (25 نوفمبر 2011). "Pelagic Fishing at 42,000 Years Before the Present and the Maritime Skills of Modern Humans". Science. ج. 334 ع. 6059: 1117–21. Bibcode:2011Sci...334.1117O. DOI:10.1126/science.1207703. hdl:1885/35424. PMID:22116883. S2CID:20791703.

harvard.edu

ui.adsabs.harvard.edu

Wadley, Lyn; Esteban, Irene; Peña, Paloma de la; Wojcieszak, Marine; Stratford, Dominic; Lennox, Sandra; d’Errico, Francesco; Rosso, Daniela Eugenia; Orange, François; Backwell, Lucinda; Sievers, Christine (14 Aug 2020). "Fire and grass-bedding construction 200 thousand years ago at Border Cave, South Africa". Science (بالإنجليزية). 369 (6505): 863–866. Bibcode:2020Sci...369..863W. DOI:10.1126/science.abc7239. ISSN:0036-8075. PMID:32792402. S2CID:221113832. Archived from the original on 2021-08-16. Retrieved 2020-09-06.
Marean, Curtis W.; Bar-Matthews, Miryam; Bernatchez, Jocelyn; Fisher, Erich; Goldberg, Paul; Herries, Andy I. R.; Jacobs, Zenobia; Jerardino, Antonieta; Karkanas, Panagiotis; Minichillo, Tom; Nilssen, Peter J.; Thompson, Erin; Watts, Ian; Williams, Hope M. (Oct 2007). "Early human use of marine resources and pigment in South Africa during the Middle Pleistocene". Nature (بالإنجليزية). 449 (7164): 905–908. Bibcode:2007Natur.449..905M. DOI:10.1038/nature06204. ISSN:1476-4687. PMID:17943129. S2CID:4387442. Archived from the original on 2022-02-19. Retrieved 2021-02-27.
Hoffmann, Dirk L.; Angelucci, Diego E.; Villaverde, Valentín; Zapata, Josefina; Zilhão, João (1 Feb 2018). "Symbolic use of marine shells and mineral pigments by Iberian Neandertals 115,000 years ago". Science Advances (بالإنجليزية). 4 (2): eaar5255. Bibcode:2018SciA....4.5255H. DOI:10.1126/sciadv.aar5255. ISSN:2375-2548. PMC:5833998. PMID:29507889.
Vanhaeren, Marian; d'Errico, Francesco; Stringer, Chris; James, Sarah L.; Todd, Jonathan A.; Mienis, Henk K. (23 Jun 2006). "Middle Paleolithic Shell Beads in Israel and Algeria". Science (بالإنجليزية). 312 (5781): 1785–1788. Bibcode:2006Sci...312.1785V. DOI:10.1126/science.1128139. ISSN:0036-8075. PMID:16794076. S2CID:31098527. Archived from the original on 2021-08-26. Retrieved 2021-02-27.
Mayer, Daniella E. Bar-Yosef; Groman-Yaroslavski, Iris; Bar-Yosef, Ofer; Hershkovitz, Israel; Kampen-Hasday, Astrid; Vandermeersch, Bernard; Zaidner, Yossi; Weinstein-Evron, Mina (8 Jul 2020). "On holes and strings: Earliest displays of human adornment in the Middle Palaeolithic". PLOS ONE (بالإنجليزية). 15 (7): e0234924. Bibcode:2020PLoSO..1534924B. DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0234924. ISSN:1932-6203. PMC:7343129. PMID:32640002.
Tom Higham؛ Katerina Douka؛ Rachel Wood؛ Christopher Bronk Ramsey؛ Fiona Brock؛ Laura Basell؛ Marta Camps؛ Alvaro Arrizabalaga؛ Javier Baena؛ Cecillio Barroso-Ruíz؛ Christopher Bergman؛ Coralie Boitard؛ Paolo Boscato؛ Miguel Caparrós؛ Nicholas J. Conard؛ Christelle Draily؛ Alain Froment؛ Bertila Galván؛ Paolo Gambassini؛ Alejandro Garcia-Moreno؛ Stefano Grimaldi؛ Paul Haesaerts؛ Brigitte Holt؛ Maria-Jose Iriarte-Chiapusso؛ Arthur Jelinek؛ وآخرون (21 أغسطس 2014). "The timing and spatiotemporal patterning of Neanderthal disappearance". Nature. ج. 512 ع. 7514: 306–09. Bibcode:2014Natur.512..306H. DOI:10.1038/nature13621. PMID:25143113. S2CID:205239973.
O'Connor، Sue؛ Ono، Rintaro (25 نوفمبر 2011). "Pelagic Fishing at 42,000 Years Before the Present and the Maritime Skills of Modern Humans". Science. ج. 334 ع. 6059: 1117–21. Bibcode:2011Sci...334.1117O. DOI:10.1126/science.1207703. hdl:1885/35424. PMID:22116883. S2CID:20791703.
Bergström, Anders; Stringer, Chris; Hajdinjak, Mateja; Scerri, Eleanor M. L.; Skoglund, Pontus (Feb 2021). "Origins of modern human ancestry". Nature (بالإنجليزية). 590 (7845): 229–237. Bibcode:2021Natur.590..229B. DOI:10.1038/s41586-021-03244-5. ISSN:1476-4687. PMID:33568824. S2CID:231883210. Archived from the original on 2022-03-08. Retrieved 2021-03-07.

inst-ukr.lviv.ua

"ДОСЛІДИ З ТРИПІЛЬСЬКОГО ДОМОБУДІВНИЦТВА" (PDF). Inst-ukr.lviv.ua. مؤرشف من الأصل (PDF) في 2022-01-10. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2016-11-14.

jst.go.jp

jstage.jst.go.jp

تأثير الانفجارات البركانية على المجتمع البشري من منظور أثري نسخة محفوظة 2020-11-07 على موقع واي باك مشين.

jstor.org

Issenman، Betty Kobayashi (1985). "Inuit Skin Clothing: Construction and Motifs". Études/Inuit/Studies. ج. 9 ع. 2: Arctic policy: 102. JSTOR:42869524. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2021-08-17.

lu.se

lunduniversity.lu.se

"Signs of early settlement in the Nordic region date back to the cradle of civilisation". 8 فبراير 2016. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2019-12-24.

maltavoyager.com

"Zebbug Phase". مؤرشف من الأصل في 2013-06-29.

mit.edu

tedlab.mit.edu

https://tedlab.mit.edu/~dr/Papers/Rohde-MRCA-two.pdf On the Common Ancestors of All Living Humans نسخة محفوظة 2019-10-24 على موقع واي باك مشين.

mnn.com

Nelson، Bryan (4 أغسطس 2015). "12 oldest continuously inhabited cities". Mother Nature Network. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2023-03-06. (3. Aleppo, Syria.)

mymodernmet.com

"15,000-Year-Old Bison Sculptures Are Perfectly Preserved in a French Cave". My Modern Met (بالإنجليزية). 26 Jan 2021. Archived from the original on 2021-04-28. Retrieved 2021-11-01.

nature.com

Marean, Curtis W.; Bar-Matthews, Miryam; Bernatchez, Jocelyn; Fisher, Erich; Goldberg, Paul; Herries, Andy I. R.; Jacobs, Zenobia; Jerardino, Antonieta; Karkanas, Panagiotis; Minichillo, Tom; Nilssen, Peter J.; Thompson, Erin; Watts, Ian; Williams, Hope M. (Oct 2007). "Early human use of marine resources and pigment in South Africa during the Middle Pleistocene". Nature (بالإنجليزية). 449 (7164): 905–908. Bibcode:2007Natur.449..905M. DOI:10.1038/nature06204. ISSN:1476-4687. PMID:17943129. S2CID:4387442. Archived from the original on 2022-02-19. Retrieved 2021-02-27.
Corbyn، Zoë (24 نوفمبر 2011). "Archaeologists land world's oldest fish hook". Nature. DOI:10.1038/nature.2011.9461. S2CID:162326974. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2021-05-08. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2014-10-22.
Bergström, Anders; Stringer, Chris; Hajdinjak, Mateja; Scerri, Eleanor M. L.; Skoglund, Pontus (Feb 2021). "Origins of modern human ancestry". Nature (بالإنجليزية). 590 (7845): 229–237. Bibcode:2021Natur.590..229B. DOI:10.1038/s41586-021-03244-5. ISSN:1476-4687. PMID:33568824. S2CID:231883210. Archived from the original on 2022-03-08. Retrieved 2021-03-07.

nih.gov

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Wadley, Lyn; Esteban, Irene; Peña, Paloma de la; Wojcieszak, Marine; Stratford, Dominic; Lennox, Sandra; d’Errico, Francesco; Rosso, Daniela Eugenia; Orange, François; Backwell, Lucinda; Sievers, Christine (14 Aug 2020). "Fire and grass-bedding construction 200 thousand years ago at Border Cave, South Africa". Science (بالإنجليزية). 369 (6505): 863–866. Bibcode:2020Sci...369..863W. DOI:10.1126/science.abc7239. ISSN:0036-8075. PMID:32792402. S2CID:221113832. Archived from the original on 2021-08-16. Retrieved 2020-09-06.
Marean, Curtis W.; Bar-Matthews, Miryam; Bernatchez, Jocelyn; Fisher, Erich; Goldberg, Paul; Herries, Andy I. R.; Jacobs, Zenobia; Jerardino, Antonieta; Karkanas, Panagiotis; Minichillo, Tom; Nilssen, Peter J.; Thompson, Erin; Watts, Ian; Williams, Hope M. (Oct 2007). "Early human use of marine resources and pigment in South Africa during the Middle Pleistocene". Nature (بالإنجليزية). 449 (7164): 905–908. Bibcode:2007Natur.449..905M. DOI:10.1038/nature06204. ISSN:1476-4687. PMID:17943129. S2CID:4387442. Archived from the original on 2022-02-19. Retrieved 2021-02-27.
Hoffmann, Dirk L.; Angelucci, Diego E.; Villaverde, Valentín; Zapata, Josefina; Zilhão, João (1 Feb 2018). "Symbolic use of marine shells and mineral pigments by Iberian Neandertals 115,000 years ago". Science Advances (بالإنجليزية). 4 (2): eaar5255. Bibcode:2018SciA....4.5255H. DOI:10.1126/sciadv.aar5255. ISSN:2375-2548. PMC:5833998. PMID:29507889.
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