التعديل الثامن لدستور الولايات المتحدة الأمريكية (Arabic Wikipedia)

Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "التعديل الثامن لدستور الولايات المتحدة الأمريكية" in Arabic language version.

refsWebsite

Global rank Arabic rank

9web.archive.org

1^st place

4books.google.com

3^rd place

8^th place

2wikipedia.org

low place

2justia.com

696^th place

2,074^th place

2ssrn.com

703^rd place

613^th place

1loc.gov

70^th place

26^th place

1constitution.org

7,036^th place

low place

1heritage.org

2,619^th place

1,974^th place

books.google.com

Bartee, Alice. Litigating Morality, page 114 (Greenwood Publishing Group 1992). نسخة محفوظة 24 يونيو 2016 على موقع واي باك مشين.
Chitty, Joseph. A Practical Treatise on the Criminal Law, page 293 (Edward Earle 1819). A judge in the Oates case said: "Crimes of this nature are left to be punished according to the Discretion of this Court, so far as that the Judgment extend not to Life or Member." See Harmelin v Michigan 501 U.S. ^{[الإنجليزية]} 957 (1991). "نسخة مؤرشفة". مؤرشف من الأصل في 2016-05-10. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2019-10-03.{{استشهاد ويب}}: صيانة الاستشهاد: BOT: original URL status unknown (link)
Patterson, John. The Bill of Rights: Politics, Religion, and the Quest for Justice, page 84 (2004). نسخة محفوظة 10 يونيو 2016 على موقع واي باك مشين.
Schwartz, Bernard. The Great Rights of Mankind: A History of the American Bill of Rights, page 170 (Rowman & Littlefield 1992). نسخة محفوظة 13 مايو 2016 على موقع واي باك مشين.

constitution.org

"English Bill of Rights 1689". مؤرشف من الأصل في 2019-09-08.

heritage.org

David F. Forte. "The Heritage Guide to the Constitution: Cruel and Unusual Punishment". The Heritage Foundation. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2019-09-30. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2013-04-01.

justia.com

supreme.justia.com

See Harmelin v. Michigan, 501 U.S. ^{[الإنجليزية]} 957 (1991); Ingraham v. Wright, 430 U.S. ^{[الإنجليزية]} 651 (1977); Furman v. Georgia, 408 U.S. ^{[الإنجليزية]} 238 (1972); and Weems v. United States, 217 U.S. ^{[الإنجليزية]} 349 (1910)
Chitty, Joseph. A Practical Treatise on the Criminal Law, page 293 (Edward Earle 1819). A judge in the Oates case said: "Crimes of this nature are left to be punished according to the Discretion of this Court, so far as that the Judgment extend not to Life or Member." See Harmelin v Michigan 501 U.S. ^{[الإنجليزية]} 957 (1991). "نسخة مؤرشفة". مؤرشف من الأصل في 2016-05-10. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2019-10-03.{{استشهاد ويب}}: صيانة الاستشهاد: BOT: original URL status unknown (link)

loc.gov

guides.loc.gov

"Bill of Rights: Primary Documents of American History". Library of Congress. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2019-03-06. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2013-05-17.

ssrn.com

papers.ssrn.com

Claus, Laurence. "The Anti-Discrimination Eighth Amendment", Harvard Journal of Law and Public Policy, Vol. 28 (2004) نسخة محفوظة 19 سبتمبر 2016 على موقع واي باك مشين.
John F. Stinneford, "Rethinking Proportionality under the Cruel and Unusual Punishments Clause," 97 Virginia Law Review 899, 926–61 (2011). Stinneford writes (emphasis added):
[E]ven if one stacked up all of Oates's punishments together—the fine, the whippings, the imprisonment, the pillorying, and the defrockment—their cumulative effect was less harsh as an absolute matter than some punishments considered acceptable at the time, such as drawing and quartering or burning at the stake. If the punishments inflicted on Oates were unacceptably cruel, this could only be because they were disproportionate to the crime of perjury.
But, says Stinneford, punishment is unacceptable only if it is "both cruel and 'contrary to long usage'". Id. at 977 (emphasis added). "نسخة مؤرشفة". مؤرشف من الأصل في 2016-03-18. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2019-10-03.{{استشهاد ويب}}: صيانة الاستشهاد: BOT: original URL status unknown (link)

web.archive.org

"Bill of Rights: Primary Documents of American History". Library of Congress. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2019-03-06. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2013-05-17.
"English Bill of Rights 1689". مؤرشف من الأصل في 2019-09-08.
Bartee, Alice. Litigating Morality, page 114 (Greenwood Publishing Group 1992). نسخة محفوظة 24 يونيو 2016 على موقع واي باك مشين.
Chitty, Joseph. A Practical Treatise on the Criminal Law, page 293 (Edward Earle 1819). A judge in the Oates case said: "Crimes of this nature are left to be punished according to the Discretion of this Court, so far as that the Judgment extend not to Life or Member." See Harmelin v Michigan 501 U.S. ^{[الإنجليزية]} 957 (1991). "نسخة مؤرشفة". مؤرشف من الأصل في 2016-05-10. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2019-10-03.{{استشهاد ويب}}: صيانة الاستشهاد: BOT: original URL status unknown (link)
Claus, Laurence. "The Anti-Discrimination Eighth Amendment", Harvard Journal of Law and Public Policy, Vol. 28 (2004) نسخة محفوظة 19 سبتمبر 2016 على موقع واي باك مشين.
John F. Stinneford, "Rethinking Proportionality under the Cruel and Unusual Punishments Clause," 97 Virginia Law Review 899, 926–61 (2011). Stinneford writes (emphasis added):
[E]ven if one stacked up all of Oates's punishments together—the fine, the whippings, the imprisonment, the pillorying, and the defrockment—their cumulative effect was less harsh as an absolute matter than some punishments considered acceptable at the time, such as drawing and quartering or burning at the stake. If the punishments inflicted on Oates were unacceptably cruel, this could only be because they were disproportionate to the crime of perjury.
But, says Stinneford, punishment is unacceptable only if it is "both cruel and 'contrary to long usage'". Id. at 977 (emphasis added). "نسخة مؤرشفة". مؤرشف من الأصل في 2016-03-18. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2019-10-03.{{استشهاد ويب}}: صيانة الاستشهاد: BOT: original URL status unknown (link)
Patterson, John. The Bill of Rights: Politics, Religion, and the Quest for Justice, page 84 (2004). نسخة محفوظة 10 يونيو 2016 على موقع واي باك مشين.
Schwartz, Bernard. The Great Rights of Mankind: A History of the American Bill of Rights, page 170 (Rowman & Littlefield 1992). نسخة محفوظة 13 مايو 2016 على موقع واي باك مشين.
David F. Forte. "The Heritage Guide to the Constitution: Cruel and Unusual Punishment". The Heritage Foundation. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2019-09-30. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2013-04-01.

wikipedia.org

en.wikipedia.org

See Harmelin v. Michigan, 501 U.S. ^{[الإنجليزية]} 957 (1991); Ingraham v. Wright, 430 U.S. ^{[الإنجليزية]} 651 (1977); Furman v. Georgia, 408 U.S. ^{[الإنجليزية]} 238 (1972); and Weems v. United States, 217 U.S. ^{[الإنجليزية]} 349 (1910)
Chitty, Joseph. A Practical Treatise on the Criminal Law, page 293 (Edward Earle 1819). A judge in the Oates case said: "Crimes of this nature are left to be punished according to the Discretion of this Court, so far as that the Judgment extend not to Life or Member." See Harmelin v Michigan 501 U.S. ^{[الإنجليزية]} 957 (1991). "نسخة مؤرشفة". مؤرشف من الأصل في 2016-05-10. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2019-10-03.{{استشهاد ويب}}: صيانة الاستشهاد: BOT: original URL status unknown (link)