Fitzgerald، Edward F.؛ Ahmed، Irfan (10 سبتمبر 2009). "Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Chewing-Gum Therapy in the Reduction of Postoperative Paralytic Ileus Following Gastrointestinal Surgery". World Journal of Surgery. ج. 33 ع. 12: 2557–66. DOI:10.1007/s00268-009-0104-5. PMID:19763686.
Fitzgerald، Edward F.؛ Ahmed، Irfan (10 سبتمبر 2009). "Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Chewing-Gum Therapy in the Reduction of Postoperative Paralytic Ileus Following Gastrointestinal Surgery". World Journal of Surgery. ج. 33 ع. 12: 2557–66. DOI:10.1007/s00268-009-0104-5. PMID:19763686.