English usage is based on a tradition going back to medieval literature, where the opposition of nature ("instinct, inclination") norreture ("culture, adopted mores") is a common motif, famously in كريتيان دي تروا' Perceval, where the hero's effort to suppress his natural impulse of compassion in favor of what he considers proper courtly behavior leads to catastrophe. Lacy, Norris J. (1980) The Craft of Chrétien de Troyes: An Essay on Narrative Art, Brill Archive, p. 5. نسخة محفوظة 7 مايو 2016 على موقع واي باك مشين.
in أفلاطون's بروتاغوراس 351b; an opposition is made by Protagoras' character between art on one hand and constitution and fit nurture (nature and nurture) of the soul on the other, art (as well as rage and madness; ἀπὸ τέχνης ἀπὸ θυμοῦ γε καὶ ἀπὸ μανίας) contributing to boldness (θάρσος), but nature and nurture combine to contribute to courage (ἀνδρεία). "Protagoras, in spite of the misgiving of Socrates, has no scruple in announcing himself a teacher of virtue, because virtue in the sense by him understood seems sufficiently secured by nature and nurture." Mackay, R. W. (1869) "Introduction to the Meno in comparison with the Protagoras" p. 138 in Meno: A Dialogue on the Nature and Meaning of Education. نسخة محفوظة 16 ديسمبر 2019 على موقع واي باك مشين.
English usage is based on a tradition going back to medieval literature, where the opposition of nature ("instinct, inclination") norreture ("culture, adopted mores") is a common motif, famously in كريتيان دي تروا' Perceval, where the hero's effort to suppress his natural impulse of compassion in favor of what he considers proper courtly behavior leads to catastrophe. Lacy, Norris J. (1980) The Craft of Chrétien de Troyes: An Essay on Narrative Art, Brill Archive, p. 5. نسخة محفوظة 7 مايو 2016 على موقع واي باك مشين.
in أفلاطون's بروتاغوراس 351b; an opposition is made by Protagoras' character between art on one hand and constitution and fit nurture (nature and nurture) of the soul on the other, art (as well as rage and madness; ἀπὸ τέχνης ἀπὸ θυμοῦ γε καὶ ἀπὸ μανίας) contributing to boldness (θάρσος), but nature and nurture combine to contribute to courage (ἀνδρεία). "Protagoras, in spite of the misgiving of Socrates, has no scruple in announcing himself a teacher of virtue, because virtue in the sense by him understood seems sufficiently secured by nature and nurture." Mackay, R. W. (1869) "Introduction to the Meno in comparison with the Protagoras" p. 138 in Meno: A Dialogue on the Nature and Meaning of Education. نسخة محفوظة 16 ديسمبر 2019 على موقع واي باك مشين.
