العصر البليوسيني (Arabic Wikipedia)

Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "العصر البليوسيني" in Arabic language version.

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9web.archive.org

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9doi.org

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7harvard.edu

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3semanticscholar.org

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2pbs.org

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2elsevier.com

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1stratigraphy.org

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1purdue.edu

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1books.google.com

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1etymonline.com

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1tno.nl

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1nasa.gov

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1berkeley.edu

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berkeley.edu

ucmp.berkeley.edu

"The Pliocene epoch". University of California Museum of Paleontology. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2024-12-25. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2008-03-25.

books.google.com

See:
- Letter from وليام ويلي to تشارلز لايل dated 31 January 1831 in: Todhunter، Isaac، المحرر (1876). William Whewell, D. D., Master of Trinity College, Cambridge: An account of his writings with selections from his literary and scientific correspondence. London, England: Macmillan and Co. ج. 2. ص. 111. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2024-10-08.

doi.org

Kuhlmann، G.؛ C.G. Langereis؛ D. Munsterman؛ R.-J. van Leeuwen؛ R. Verreussel؛ J.E. Meulenkamp؛ Th.E. Wong (2006). "Integrated chronostratigraphy of the Pliocene-Pleistocene interval and its relation to the regional stratigraphical stages in the southern North Sea region" (PDF). Netherlands Journal of Geosciences. ج. 85 ع. 1: 19–35. Bibcode:2006NJGeo..85...19K. DOI:10.1017/S0016774600021405. S2CID:62803118. مؤرشف من الأصل (PDF) في 2023-11-26.
Bartoli، G؛ Sarnthein، M؛ Weinelt، M؛ Erlenkeuser، H؛ Garbe-Schönberg، D؛ Lea، D.W (2005). "Final closure of Panama and the onset of northern hemisphere glaciation". Earth and Planetary Science Letters. ج. 237 ع. 1–2: 33–44. Bibcode:2005E&PSL.237...33B. DOI:10.1016/j.epsl.2005.06.020.
Fauquette، Séverine؛ Bertini، Adele (28 يونيو 2008). "Quantification of the northern Italy Pliocene climate from pollen data: evidence for a very peculiar climate pattern". Boreas. ج. 32 ع. 2: 361–369. DOI:10.1111/j.1502-3885.2003.tb01090.x.
Qin، Jie؛ Zhang، Rui؛ Kravchinsky، Vadim A.؛ Valet، Jean-Pierre؛ Sagnotti، Leonardo؛ Li، Jianxing؛ Xu، Yong؛ Anwar، Taslima؛ Yue، Leping (2 أبريل 2022). "1.2 Myr Band of Earth-Mars Obliquity Modulation on the Evolution of Cold Late Miocene to Warm Early Pliocene Climate". Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth. ج. 127 ع. 4. Bibcode:2022JGRB..12724131Q. DOI:10.1029/2022JB024131. S2CID:247933545. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2023-10-15. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2022-11-24.
Robinson، M.؛ Dowsett، H.J.؛ Chandler، M.A. (2008). "Pliocene role in assessing future climate impacts". Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union. ج. 89 ع. 49: 501–502. Bibcode:2008EOSTr..89..501R. DOI:10.1029/2008eo490001.
Dwyer، G.S.؛ Chandler، M.A. (2009). "Mid-Pliocene sea level and continental ice volume based on coupled benthic Mg/Ca palaeotemperatures and oxygen isotopes". Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A. ج. 367 ع. 1886: 157–168. Bibcode:2009RSPTA.367..157D. DOI:10.1098/rsta.2008.0222. hdl:10161/6586. PMID:18854304. S2CID:3199617.
Raymo, Maureen E.; Kozdon, Reinhard; Evans, David; Lisiecki, Lorraine; Ford, Heather L. (Feb 2018). "The accuracy of mid-Pliocene δ18O-based ice volume and sea level reconstructions". Earth-Science Reviews (بالإنجليزية). 177: 291–302. DOI:10.1016/j.earscirev.2017.11.022. hdl:10023/16606. Archived from the original on 2024-06-13. Retrieved 2024-07-20 – via Elsevier Science Direct.
Rovere, A.; Hearty, P. J.; Austermann, J.; Mitrovica, J. X.; Gale, J.; Moucha, R.; Forte, A. M.; Raymo, Maureen E. (Jun 2015). "Mid-Pliocene shorelines of the US Atlantic Coastal Plain — An improved elevation database with comparison to Earth model predictions". Earth-Science Reviews (بالإنجليزية). 145: 117–131. Bibcode:2015ESRv..145..117R. DOI:10.1016/j.earscirev.2015.02.007. Archived from the original on 2024-08-29. Retrieved 2024-07-20 – via Elsevier Science Direct.
Bartoli، G.؛ وآخرون (2005). "Final closure of Panama and the onset of northern hemisphere glaciation". Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. ج. 237 ع. 1–2: 3344. Bibcode:2005E&PSL.237...33B. DOI:10.1016/j.epsl.2005.06.020.

elsevier.com

linkinghub.elsevier.com

Raymo, Maureen E.; Kozdon, Reinhard; Evans, David; Lisiecki, Lorraine; Ford, Heather L. (Feb 2018). "The accuracy of mid-Pliocene δ18O-based ice volume and sea level reconstructions". Earth-Science Reviews (بالإنجليزية). 177: 291–302. DOI:10.1016/j.earscirev.2017.11.022. hdl:10023/16606. Archived from the original on 2024-06-13. Retrieved 2024-07-20 – via Elsevier Science Direct.
Rovere, A.; Hearty, P. J.; Austermann, J.; Mitrovica, J. X.; Gale, J.; Moucha, R.; Forte, A. M.; Raymo, Maureen E. (Jun 2015). "Mid-Pliocene shorelines of the US Atlantic Coastal Plain — An improved elevation database with comparison to Earth model predictions". Earth-Science Reviews (بالإنجليزية). 145: 117–131. Bibcode:2015ESRv..145..117R. DOI:10.1016/j.earscirev.2015.02.007. Archived from the original on 2024-08-29. Retrieved 2024-07-20 – via Elsevier Science Direct.

etymonline.com

Pliocene. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2016-05-27. {{استشهاد بموسوعة}}: الوسيط غير المعروف |معجم= تم تجاهله (مساعدة)

handle.net

hdl.handle.net

Dwyer، G.S.؛ Chandler، M.A. (2009). "Mid-Pliocene sea level and continental ice volume based on coupled benthic Mg/Ca palaeotemperatures and oxygen isotopes". Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A. ج. 367 ع. 1886: 157–168. Bibcode:2009RSPTA.367..157D. DOI:10.1098/rsta.2008.0222. hdl:10161/6586. PMID:18854304. S2CID:3199617.
Raymo, Maureen E.; Kozdon, Reinhard; Evans, David; Lisiecki, Lorraine; Ford, Heather L. (Feb 2018). "The accuracy of mid-Pliocene δ18O-based ice volume and sea level reconstructions". Earth-Science Reviews (بالإنجليزية). 177: 291–302. DOI:10.1016/j.earscirev.2017.11.022. hdl:10023/16606. Archived from the original on 2024-06-13. Retrieved 2024-07-20 – via Elsevier Science Direct.

harvard.edu

ui.adsabs.harvard.edu

Kuhlmann، G.؛ C.G. Langereis؛ D. Munsterman؛ R.-J. van Leeuwen؛ R. Verreussel؛ J.E. Meulenkamp؛ Th.E. Wong (2006). "Integrated chronostratigraphy of the Pliocene-Pleistocene interval and its relation to the regional stratigraphical stages in the southern North Sea region" (PDF). Netherlands Journal of Geosciences. ج. 85 ع. 1: 19–35. Bibcode:2006NJGeo..85...19K. DOI:10.1017/S0016774600021405. S2CID:62803118. مؤرشف من الأصل (PDF) في 2023-11-26.
Bartoli، G؛ Sarnthein، M؛ Weinelt، M؛ Erlenkeuser، H؛ Garbe-Schönberg، D؛ Lea، D.W (2005). "Final closure of Panama and the onset of northern hemisphere glaciation". Earth and Planetary Science Letters. ج. 237 ع. 1–2: 33–44. Bibcode:2005E&PSL.237...33B. DOI:10.1016/j.epsl.2005.06.020.
Qin، Jie؛ Zhang، Rui؛ Kravchinsky، Vadim A.؛ Valet، Jean-Pierre؛ Sagnotti، Leonardo؛ Li، Jianxing؛ Xu، Yong؛ Anwar، Taslima؛ Yue، Leping (2 أبريل 2022). "1.2 Myr Band of Earth-Mars Obliquity Modulation on the Evolution of Cold Late Miocene to Warm Early Pliocene Climate". Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth. ج. 127 ع. 4. Bibcode:2022JGRB..12724131Q. DOI:10.1029/2022JB024131. S2CID:247933545. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2023-10-15. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2022-11-24.
Robinson، M.؛ Dowsett، H.J.؛ Chandler، M.A. (2008). "Pliocene role in assessing future climate impacts". Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union. ج. 89 ع. 49: 501–502. Bibcode:2008EOSTr..89..501R. DOI:10.1029/2008eo490001.
Dwyer، G.S.؛ Chandler، M.A. (2009). "Mid-Pliocene sea level and continental ice volume based on coupled benthic Mg/Ca palaeotemperatures and oxygen isotopes". Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A. ج. 367 ع. 1886: 157–168. Bibcode:2009RSPTA.367..157D. DOI:10.1098/rsta.2008.0222. hdl:10161/6586. PMID:18854304. S2CID:3199617.
Rovere, A.; Hearty, P. J.; Austermann, J.; Mitrovica, J. X.; Gale, J.; Moucha, R.; Forte, A. M.; Raymo, Maureen E. (Jun 2015). "Mid-Pliocene shorelines of the US Atlantic Coastal Plain — An improved elevation database with comparison to Earth model predictions". Earth-Science Reviews (بالإنجليزية). 145: 117–131. Bibcode:2015ESRv..145..117R. DOI:10.1016/j.earscirev.2015.02.007. Archived from the original on 2024-08-29. Retrieved 2024-07-20 – via Elsevier Science Direct.
Bartoli، G.؛ وآخرون (2005). "Final closure of Panama and the onset of northern hemisphere glaciation". Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. ج. 237 ع. 1–2: 3344. Bibcode:2005E&PSL.237...33B. DOI:10.1016/j.epsl.2005.06.020.

nasa.gov

climate.nasa.gov

"Solutions: Responding to Climate Change". Climate.Nasa.gov. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2016-09-01.

nih.gov

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Dwyer، G.S.؛ Chandler، M.A. (2009). "Mid-Pliocene sea level and continental ice volume based on coupled benthic Mg/Ca palaeotemperatures and oxygen isotopes". Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A. ج. 367 ع. 1886: 157–168. Bibcode:2009RSPTA.367..157D. DOI:10.1098/rsta.2008.0222. hdl:10161/6586. PMID:18854304. S2CID:3199617.

pbs.org

Tyson، Peter (أكتوبر 2009). "NOVA, Aliens from Earth: Who's who in human evolution". PBS. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2009-10-08.
Tyson، Peter (أكتوبر 2009). "NOVA, Aliens from Earth: Who's who in human evolution". PBS. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2009-10-08.

purdue.edu

engineering.purdue.edu

Global Boundary Stratotype Section and Point (GSSP) of the International Commission of Stratigraphy.نسخة محفوظة 10 ديسمبر 2018 على موقع واي باك مشين.

semanticscholar.org

api.semanticscholar.org

Kuhlmann، G.؛ C.G. Langereis؛ D. Munsterman؛ R.-J. van Leeuwen؛ R. Verreussel؛ J.E. Meulenkamp؛ Th.E. Wong (2006). "Integrated chronostratigraphy of the Pliocene-Pleistocene interval and its relation to the regional stratigraphical stages in the southern North Sea region" (PDF). Netherlands Journal of Geosciences. ج. 85 ع. 1: 19–35. Bibcode:2006NJGeo..85...19K. DOI:10.1017/S0016774600021405. S2CID:62803118. مؤرشف من الأصل (PDF) في 2023-11-26.
Qin، Jie؛ Zhang، Rui؛ Kravchinsky، Vadim A.؛ Valet، Jean-Pierre؛ Sagnotti، Leonardo؛ Li، Jianxing؛ Xu، Yong؛ Anwar، Taslima؛ Yue، Leping (2 أبريل 2022). "1.2 Myr Band of Earth-Mars Obliquity Modulation on the Evolution of Cold Late Miocene to Warm Early Pliocene Climate". Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth. ج. 127 ع. 4. Bibcode:2022JGRB..12724131Q. DOI:10.1029/2022JB024131. S2CID:247933545. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2023-10-15. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2022-11-24.
Dwyer، G.S.؛ Chandler، M.A. (2009). "Mid-Pliocene sea level and continental ice volume based on coupled benthic Mg/Ca palaeotemperatures and oxygen isotopes". Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A. ج. 367 ع. 1886: 157–168. Bibcode:2009RSPTA.367..157D. DOI:10.1098/rsta.2008.0222. hdl:10161/6586. PMID:18854304. S2CID:3199617.

stratigraphy.org

"Stratigraphic Chart 2022" (PDF). International Stratigraphic Commission. فبراير 2022. مؤرشف (PDF) من الأصل في 2022-04-02. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2022-04-20.

tno.nl

publications.tno.nl

Kuhlmann، G.؛ C.G. Langereis؛ D. Munsterman؛ R.-J. van Leeuwen؛ R. Verreussel؛ J.E. Meulenkamp؛ Th.E. Wong (2006). "Integrated chronostratigraphy of the Pliocene-Pleistocene interval and its relation to the regional stratigraphical stages in the southern North Sea region" (PDF). Netherlands Journal of Geosciences. ج. 85 ع. 1: 19–35. Bibcode:2006NJGeo..85...19K. DOI:10.1017/S0016774600021405. S2CID:62803118. مؤرشف من الأصل (PDF) في 2023-11-26.

web.archive.org

"Stratigraphic Chart 2022" (PDF). International Stratigraphic Commission. فبراير 2022. مؤرشف (PDF) من الأصل في 2022-04-02. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2022-04-20.
Global Boundary Stratotype Section and Point (GSSP) of the International Commission of Stratigraphy.نسخة محفوظة 10 ديسمبر 2018 على موقع واي باك مشين.
See:
- Letter from وليام ويلي to تشارلز لايل dated 31 January 1831 in: Todhunter، Isaac، المحرر (1876). William Whewell, D. D., Master of Trinity College, Cambridge: An account of his writings with selections from his literary and scientific correspondence. London, England: Macmillan and Co. ج. 2. ص. 111. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2024-10-08.
- Pliocene. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2016-05-27. {{استشهاد بموسوعة}}: الوسيط غير المعروف |معجم= تم تجاهله (مساعدة)
- Kuhlmann، G.؛ C.G. Langereis؛ D. Munsterman؛ R.-J. van Leeuwen؛ R. Verreussel؛ J.E. Meulenkamp؛ Th.E. Wong (2006). "Integrated chronostratigraphy of the Pliocene-Pleistocene interval and its relation to the regional stratigraphical stages in the southern North Sea region" (PDF). Netherlands Journal of Geosciences. ج. 85 ع. 1: 19–35. Bibcode:2006NJGeo..85...19K. DOI:10.1017/S0016774600021405. S2CID:62803118. مؤرشف من الأصل (PDF) في 2023-11-26.
- Qin، Jie؛ Zhang، Rui؛ Kravchinsky، Vadim A.؛ Valet، Jean-Pierre؛ Sagnotti، Leonardo؛ Li، Jianxing؛ Xu، Yong؛ Anwar، Taslima؛ Yue، Leping (2 أبريل 2022). "1.2 Myr Band of Earth-Mars Obliquity Modulation on the Evolution of Cold Late Miocene to Warm Early Pliocene Climate". Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth. ج. 127 ع. 4. Bibcode:2022JGRB..12724131Q. DOI:10.1029/2022JB024131. S2CID:247933545. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2023-10-15. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2022-11-24.
- Raymo, Maureen E.; Kozdon, Reinhard; Evans, David; Lisiecki, Lorraine; Ford, Heather L. (Feb 2018). "The accuracy of mid-Pliocene δ18O-based ice volume and sea level reconstructions". Earth-Science Reviews (بالإنجليزية). 177: 291–302. DOI:10.1016/j.earscirev.2017.11.022. hdl:10023/16606. Archived from the original on 2024-06-13. Retrieved 2024-07-20 – via Elsevier Science Direct.
- Rovere, A.; Hearty, P. J.; Austermann, J.; Mitrovica, J. X.; Gale, J.; Moucha, R.; Forte, A. M.; Raymo, Maureen E. (Jun 2015). "Mid-Pliocene shorelines of the US Atlantic Coastal Plain — An improved elevation database with comparison to Earth model predictions". Earth-Science Reviews (بالإنجليزية). 145: 117–131. Bibcode:2015ESRv..145..117R. DOI:10.1016/j.earscirev.2015.02.007. Archived from the original on 2024-08-29. Retrieved 2024-07-20 – via Elsevier Science Direct.
- "The Pliocene epoch". University of California Museum of Paleontology. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2024-12-25. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2008-03-25.

wiley.com

agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com

Qin، Jie؛ Zhang، Rui؛ Kravchinsky، Vadim A.؛ Valet، Jean-Pierre؛ Sagnotti، Leonardo؛ Li، Jianxing؛ Xu، Yong؛ Anwar، Taslima؛ Yue، Leping (2 أبريل 2022). "1.2 Myr Band of Earth-Mars Obliquity Modulation on the Evolution of Cold Late Miocene to Warm Early Pliocene Climate". Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth. ج. 127 ع. 4. Bibcode:2022JGRB..12724131Q. DOI:10.1029/2022JB024131. S2CID:247933545. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2023-10-15. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2022-11-24.