العصر الحديث الأقرب (Arabic Wikipedia)

Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "العصر الحديث الأقرب" in Arabic language version.

refsWebsite

Global rank Arabic rank

17web.archive.org

1^st place

13doi.org

2^nd place

5^th place

7stratigraphy.org

2,562^nd place

2,889^th place

6harvard.edu

18^th place

33^rd place

6nih.gov

4^th place

6^th place

4archive.org

6^th place

3^rd place

2books.google.com

3^rd place

8^th place

2semanticscholar.org

11^th place

86^th place

1timescalefoundation.org

low place

1etymonline.com

287^th place

219^th place

1japantimes.co.jp

389^th place

857^th place

1awi.de

low place

1worldcat.org

5^th place

4^th place

1issn.org

57^th place

1,629^th place

1annualreviews.org

3,867^th place

3,149^th place

1cam.ac.uk

670^th place

1,191^st place

1nature.com

234^th place

251^st place

1nationalgeographic.com

344^th place

242^nd place

1oregonstate.edu

2,041^st place

2,195^th place

1siberiantimes.com

low place

annualreviews.org (Global: 3,867^th place; Arabic: 3,149^th place)

Hoag, Colin; Svenning, Jens-Christian (17 Oct 2017). "African Environmental Change from the Pleistocene to the Anthropocene". Annual Review of Environment and Resources (بالإنجليزية). 42 (1): 27–54. DOI:10.1146/annurev-environ-102016-060653. ISSN:1543-5938. Archived from the original on 2022-05-01. Retrieved 2022-06-05.

archive.org (Global: 6^th place; Arabic: 3^rd place)

قاموس المورد الحديث لمنير ود. رمزي البعلبكيان دار العلم للملايين بيروت لبنان طبعة 2013 ص 881
المعجم الجيولوجي المصور-المجلد2 ص869
المعجم الجيولوجي المصور-المجلد4 ص1490
Lyell, Charles (1839). Nouveaux éléments de géologie (بالفرنسية). Paris, France: Pitois-Levranet. p. 621. From p. 621: "Toutefois, en même temps … et de substituer à la dénomination de Nouveau Pliocène celle plus abrégée de Pleistocène, tirée du grec pleiston, plus, et kainos, récent." (However, at the same time that it became necessary to subdivide the two periods mentioned above, I found that the terms intended to designate these subdivisions were of an inconvenient length, and I have proposed to use in the future the word "Pliocene" for "old Pliocene", and to substitute for the name "new Pliocene" this shorter "Pleistocene", drawn from the Greek pleiston (most) and kainos (recent).)

awi.de (Global: low place; Arabic: low place)

epic.awi.de

Svensson، A.؛ Nielsen، S. W.؛ Kipfstuhl، S.؛ Johnsen، S. J.؛ Steffensen، J. P.؛ Bigler، M.؛ Ruth، U.؛ Röthlisberger، R. (2005). "Visual stratigraphy of the North Greenland Ice Core Project (NorthGRIP) ice core during the last glacial period" (PDF). Journal of Geophysical Research. ج. 110 ع. D2: D02108. Bibcode:2005JGRD..110.2108S. DOI:10.1029/2004jd005134. مؤرشف من الأصل (PDF) في 2018-04-21.

books.google.com (Global: 3^rd place; Arabic: 8^th place)

Wilmarth، Mary Grace (1925). Bulletin 769: The Geologic Time Classification of the United States Geological Survey Compared With Other Classifications, accompanied by the original definitions of era, period and epoch terms. Washington, D.C., U.S.: U.S. Government Printing Office. ص. 47. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2024-02-20.
de Blij، Harm (2012). "Holocene Humanity". Why Geography Matters: More Than Ever (ط. 2nd). Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN:978-0-19-991374-9. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2024-12-08.

cam.ac.uk (Global: 670^th place; Arabic: 1,191^st place)

qpg.geog.cam.ac.uk

Gibbard, P. and van Kolfschoten, T. (2004) "The Pleistocene and Holocene Epochs" Chapter 22 بي دي إف (2.96 MiB) In Gradstein, F. M., Ogg, James G., and Smith, A. Gilbert (eds.), A Geologic Time Scale 2004 مطبعة جامعة كامبريدج, Cambridge, ISBN 0-521-78142-6 "نسخة مؤرشفة" (PDF). مؤرشف من الأصل في 2007-08-11. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2011-12-07.{{استشهاد ويب}}: صيانة الاستشهاد: BOT: original URL status unknown (link)

doi.org (Global: 2^nd place; Arabic: 5^th place)

Gibbard، Philip؛ Head، Martin (سبتمبر 2010). "The newly-ratified definition of the Quaternary System/Period and redefinition of the Pleistocene Series/Epoch, and comparison of proposals advanced prior to formal ratification" (PDF). Episodes. ج. 33 ع. 3: 152–158. DOI:10.18814/epiiugs/2010/v33i3/002. مؤرشف من الأصل (PDF) في 2024-12-02. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2020-12-08.
Svensson، A.؛ Nielsen، S. W.؛ Kipfstuhl، S.؛ Johnsen، S. J.؛ Steffensen، J. P.؛ Bigler، M.؛ Ruth، U.؛ Röthlisberger، R. (2005). "Visual stratigraphy of the North Greenland Ice Core Project (NorthGRIP) ice core during the last glacial period" (PDF). Journal of Geophysical Research. ج. 110 ع. D2: D02108. Bibcode:2005JGRD..110.2108S. DOI:10.1029/2004jd005134. مؤرشف من الأصل (PDF) في 2018-04-21.
Rio، D.؛ Sprovieri، R.؛ Castradori، D.؛ Di Stefano، E. (1998). "The Gelasian Stage (Upper Pliocene): a new unit of the global standard chronostratigraphic scale" (PDF). Episodes. ج. 21 ع. 2: 82–87. DOI:10.18814/epiiugs/1998/v21i2/002. مؤرشف من الأصل (PDF) في 2018-08-20.
Hoag, Colin; Svenning, Jens-Christian (17 Oct 2017). "African Environmental Change from the Pleistocene to the Anthropocene". Annual Review of Environment and Resources (بالإنجليزية). 42 (1): 27–54. DOI:10.1146/annurev-environ-102016-060653. ISSN:1543-5938. Archived from the original on 2022-05-01. Retrieved 2022-06-05.
von der Heyden، Sophie (17 أبريل 2023). "Disentangling population structure in marine species". Nature Reviews Genetics. ج. 24 ع. Sep 2023: 589. DOI:10.1038/s41576-023-00606-9. PMID:37069255. S2CID:258189561. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2023-08-16. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2023-08-16.
Yusuke Suganuma؛ Hideki Miura؛ Albert Zondervan؛ Jun'ichi Okuno (أغسطس 2014). "East Antarctic deglaciation and the link to global cooling during the Quaternary: evidence from glacial geomorphology and 10Be surface exposure dating of the Sør Rondane Mountains, Dronning Maud Land". Quaternary Science Reviews. ج. 97: 102–120. Bibcode:2014QSRv...97..102S. DOI:10.1016/j.quascirev.2014.05.007.
Richmond، G.M.؛ Fullerton، D.S. (1986). "Summation of Quaternary glaciations in the United States of America". Quaternary Science Reviews. ج. 5: 183–196. Bibcode:1986QSRv....5..183R. DOI:10.1016/0277-3791(86)90184-8.
Roy، M.؛ Clark، P.U.؛ Barendregt، R.W.؛ Glasmann؛ Enkin، R.J. (2004). "Glacial stratigraphy and paleomagnetism of late Cenozoic deposits of the north-central United States" (PDF). Geological Society of America Bulletin. ج. 116 ع. 1–2: 30–41. Bibcode:2004GSAB..116...30R. DOI:10.1130/B25325.1. مؤرشف من الأصل (PDF) في 2018-09-28. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2010-03-20.
Aber، J. S. (ديسمبر 1991). "The Glaciation of Northeastern Kansas". Boreas. ج. 20 ع. 4: 297–314. Bibcode:1991Borea..20..297A. DOI:10.1111/j.1502-3885.1991.tb00282.x. (contains a summary of how and why the Nebraskan, Aftonian, Kansan, and Yarmouthian stages were abandoned by modern stratigraphers).
Willeit، M.؛ Ganopolski، A.؛ Calov، R.؛ Brovkin، V. (2019). "Mid-Pleistocene transition in glacial cycles explained by declining CO2 and regolith removal | Science Advances". Science Advances. ج. 5 ع. 4: eaav7337. DOI:10.1126/sciadv.aav7337. PMC:6447376. PMID:30949580.
Petra Bajo؛ وآخرون (2020). "Persistent influence of obliquity on ice age terminations since the Middle Pleistocene transition". Science. ج. 367 رقم 6483. ص. 1235–1239. DOI:10.1126/science.aaw1114.
Lee، Kyung Eun؛ Clemens، Steven C.؛ Kubota، Yoshimi؛ Timmermann، Axel؛ Holbourn، Ann؛ Yeh، Sang-Wook؛ Bae، Si Woong؛ Ko، Tae Wook (30 سبتمبر 2021). "Roles of insolation forcing and CO2 forcing on Late Pleistocene seasonal sea surface temperatures". Nature Communications. ج. 12 ع. 1: 5742. Bibcode:2021NatCo..12.5742L. DOI:10.1038/s41467-021-26051-y. PMC:8484283. PMID:34593821.
Shatilovich، A. V.؛ Tchesunov، A. V.؛ Neretina، T. V.؛ Grabarnik، I. P.؛ Gubin، S. V.؛ Vishnivetskaya، T. A.؛ Onstott، T. C.؛ Rivkina، E. M. (16 يوليو 2018). "Viable Nematodes from Late Pleistocene Permafrost of the Kolyma River Lowland". Doklady Biological Sciences. ج. 480 ع. 1: 100–102. DOI:10.1134/S0012496618030079. PMID:30009350. S2CID:49743808.

etymonline.com (Global: 287^th place; Arabic: 219^th place)

Pleistocene. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2017-08-20. {{استشهاد بموسوعة}}: تجاهل المحلل الوسيط |معجم= لأنه غير معروف (مساعدة)

harvard.edu (Global: 18^th place; Arabic: 33^rd place)

ui.adsabs.harvard.edu

Svensson، A.؛ Nielsen، S. W.؛ Kipfstuhl، S.؛ Johnsen، S. J.؛ Steffensen، J. P.؛ Bigler، M.؛ Ruth، U.؛ Röthlisberger، R. (2005). "Visual stratigraphy of the North Greenland Ice Core Project (NorthGRIP) ice core during the last glacial period" (PDF). Journal of Geophysical Research. ج. 110 ع. D2: D02108. Bibcode:2005JGRD..110.2108S. DOI:10.1029/2004jd005134. مؤرشف من الأصل (PDF) في 2018-04-21.
Yusuke Suganuma؛ Hideki Miura؛ Albert Zondervan؛ Jun'ichi Okuno (أغسطس 2014). "East Antarctic deglaciation and the link to global cooling during the Quaternary: evidence from glacial geomorphology and 10Be surface exposure dating of the Sør Rondane Mountains, Dronning Maud Land". Quaternary Science Reviews. ج. 97: 102–120. Bibcode:2014QSRv...97..102S. DOI:10.1016/j.quascirev.2014.05.007.
Richmond، G.M.؛ Fullerton، D.S. (1986). "Summation of Quaternary glaciations in the United States of America". Quaternary Science Reviews. ج. 5: 183–196. Bibcode:1986QSRv....5..183R. DOI:10.1016/0277-3791(86)90184-8.
Roy، M.؛ Clark، P.U.؛ Barendregt، R.W.؛ Glasmann؛ Enkin، R.J. (2004). "Glacial stratigraphy and paleomagnetism of late Cenozoic deposits of the north-central United States" (PDF). Geological Society of America Bulletin. ج. 116 ع. 1–2: 30–41. Bibcode:2004GSAB..116...30R. DOI:10.1130/B25325.1. مؤرشف من الأصل (PDF) في 2018-09-28. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2010-03-20.
Aber، J. S. (ديسمبر 1991). "The Glaciation of Northeastern Kansas". Boreas. ج. 20 ع. 4: 297–314. Bibcode:1991Borea..20..297A. DOI:10.1111/j.1502-3885.1991.tb00282.x. (contains a summary of how and why the Nebraskan, Aftonian, Kansan, and Yarmouthian stages were abandoned by modern stratigraphers).
Lee، Kyung Eun؛ Clemens، Steven C.؛ Kubota، Yoshimi؛ Timmermann، Axel؛ Holbourn، Ann؛ Yeh، Sang-Wook؛ Bae، Si Woong؛ Ko، Tae Wook (30 سبتمبر 2021). "Roles of insolation forcing and CO2 forcing on Late Pleistocene seasonal sea surface temperatures". Nature Communications. ج. 12 ع. 1: 5742. Bibcode:2021NatCo..12.5742L. DOI:10.1038/s41467-021-26051-y. PMC:8484283. PMID:34593821.

issn.org (Global: 57^th place; Arabic: 1,629^th place)

portal.issn.org

Hoag, Colin; Svenning, Jens-Christian (17 Oct 2017). "African Environmental Change from the Pleistocene to the Anthropocene". Annual Review of Environment and Resources (بالإنجليزية). 42 (1): 27–54. DOI:10.1146/annurev-environ-102016-060653. ISSN:1543-5938. Archived from the original on 2022-05-01. Retrieved 2022-06-05.

japantimes.co.jp (Global: 389^th place; Arabic: 857^th place)

"Japan-based name 'Chibanian' set to represent geologic age of last magnetic shift". The Japan Times. 14 نوفمبر 2017. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2024-07-13. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2018-03-17.

nationalgeographic.com (Global: 344^th place; Arabic: 242^nd place)

"Quaternary Period". National Geographic. 6 يناير 2017. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2017-03-20.

nature.com (Global: 234^th place; Arabic: 251^st place)

von der Heyden، Sophie (17 أبريل 2023). "Disentangling population structure in marine species". Nature Reviews Genetics. ج. 24 ع. Sep 2023: 589. DOI:10.1038/s41576-023-00606-9. PMID:37069255. S2CID:258189561. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2023-08-16. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2023-08-16.

nih.gov (Global: 4^th place; Arabic: 6^th place)

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

von der Heyden، Sophie (17 أبريل 2023). "Disentangling population structure in marine species". Nature Reviews Genetics. ج. 24 ع. Sep 2023: 589. DOI:10.1038/s41576-023-00606-9. PMID:37069255. S2CID:258189561. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2023-08-16. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2023-08-16.
Willeit، M.؛ Ganopolski، A.؛ Calov، R.؛ Brovkin، V. (2019). "Mid-Pleistocene transition in glacial cycles explained by declining CO2 and regolith removal | Science Advances". Science Advances. ج. 5 ع. 4: eaav7337. DOI:10.1126/sciadv.aav7337. PMC:6447376. PMID:30949580.
Lee، Kyung Eun؛ Clemens، Steven C.؛ Kubota، Yoshimi؛ Timmermann، Axel؛ Holbourn، Ann؛ Yeh، Sang-Wook؛ Bae، Si Woong؛ Ko، Tae Wook (30 سبتمبر 2021). "Roles of insolation forcing and CO2 forcing on Late Pleistocene seasonal sea surface temperatures". Nature Communications. ج. 12 ع. 1: 5742. Bibcode:2021NatCo..12.5742L. DOI:10.1038/s41467-021-26051-y. PMC:8484283. PMID:34593821.
Shatilovich، A. V.؛ Tchesunov، A. V.؛ Neretina، T. V.؛ Grabarnik، I. P.؛ Gubin، S. V.؛ Vishnivetskaya، T. A.؛ Onstott، T. C.؛ Rivkina، E. M. (16 يوليو 2018). "Viable Nematodes from Late Pleistocene Permafrost of the Kolyma River Lowland". Doklady Biological Sciences. ج. 480 ع. 1: 100–102. DOI:10.1134/S0012496618030079. PMID:30009350. S2CID:49743808.

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Willeit، M.؛ Ganopolski، A.؛ Calov، R.؛ Brovkin، V. (2019). "Mid-Pleistocene transition in glacial cycles explained by declining CO2 and regolith removal | Science Advances". Science Advances. ج. 5 ع. 4: eaav7337. DOI:10.1126/sciadv.aav7337. PMC:6447376. PMID:30949580.
Lee، Kyung Eun؛ Clemens، Steven C.؛ Kubota، Yoshimi؛ Timmermann، Axel؛ Holbourn، Ann؛ Yeh، Sang-Wook؛ Bae، Si Woong؛ Ko، Tae Wook (30 سبتمبر 2021). "Roles of insolation forcing and CO2 forcing on Late Pleistocene seasonal sea surface temperatures". Nature Communications. ج. 12 ع. 1: 5742. Bibcode:2021NatCo..12.5742L. DOI:10.1038/s41467-021-26051-y. PMC:8484283. PMID:34593821.

oregonstate.edu (Global: 2,041^st place; Arabic: 2,195^th place)

geo.oregonstate.edu

Roy، M.؛ Clark، P.U.؛ Barendregt، R.W.؛ Glasmann؛ Enkin، R.J. (2004). "Glacial stratigraphy and paleomagnetism of late Cenozoic deposits of the north-central United States" (PDF). Geological Society of America Bulletin. ج. 116 ع. 1–2: 30–41. Bibcode:2004GSAB..116...30R. DOI:10.1130/B25325.1. مؤرشف من الأصل (PDF) في 2018-09-28. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2010-03-20.

semanticscholar.org (Global: 11^th place; Arabic: 86^th place)

api.semanticscholar.org

von der Heyden، Sophie (17 أبريل 2023). "Disentangling population structure in marine species". Nature Reviews Genetics. ج. 24 ع. Sep 2023: 589. DOI:10.1038/s41576-023-00606-9. PMID:37069255. S2CID:258189561. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2023-08-16. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2023-08-16.
Shatilovich، A. V.؛ Tchesunov، A. V.؛ Neretina، T. V.؛ Grabarnik، I. P.؛ Gubin، S. V.؛ Vishnivetskaya، T. A.؛ Onstott، T. C.؛ Rivkina، E. M. (16 يوليو 2018). "Viable Nematodes from Late Pleistocene Permafrost of the Kolyma River Lowland". Doklady Biological Sciences. ج. 480 ع. 1: 100–102. DOI:10.1134/S0012496618030079. PMID:30009350. S2CID:49743808.

siberiantimes.com (Global: low place; Arabic: low place)

"Worms frozen in permafrost for up to 42,000 years come back to life". The Siberian Times. 26 يوليو 2018. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2024-12-16. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2021-08-25.

stratigraphy.org (Global: 2,562^nd place; Arabic: 2,889^th place)

stratigraphy.org

https://stratigraphy.org/gssps/
Gibbard، Philip؛ Head، Martin (سبتمبر 2010). "The newly-ratified definition of the Quaternary System/Period and redefinition of the Pleistocene Series/Epoch, and comparison of proposals advanced prior to formal ratification" (PDF). Episodes. ج. 33 ع. 3: 152–158. DOI:10.18814/epiiugs/2010/v33i3/002. مؤرشف من الأصل (PDF) في 2024-12-02. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2020-12-08.
"International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2017/02". اللجنة الدولية للطبقات. 2017. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2025-06-16. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2018-03-17.
Riccardi, Alberto C. (30 June 2009). "IUGS ratified ICS Recommendation on redefinition of Pleistocene and formal definition of base of Quaternary" International Union of Geological Sciences نسخة محفوظة 2018-12-21 على موقع واي باك مشين.
Rio، D.؛ Sprovieri، R.؛ Castradori، D.؛ Di Stefano، E. (1998). "The Gelasian Stage (Upper Pliocene): a new unit of the global standard chronostratigraphic scale" (PDF). Episodes. ج. 21 ع. 2: 82–87. DOI:10.18814/epiiugs/1998/v21i2/002. مؤرشف من الأصل (PDF) في 2018-08-20.

quaternary.stratigraphy.org

"Major Divisions". Subcommission on Quaternary Stratigraphy. International Commission on Stratigraphy. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2025-05-14. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2024-12-17.
"Formal subdivision of the Pleistocene Series/Epoch". Subcommission on Quaternary Stratigraphy (اللجنة الدولية للطبقات). 4 يناير 2016. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2018-06-24. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2018-03-17.

timescalefoundation.org (Global: low place; Arabic: low place)

https://timescalefoundation.org/gssp/index.php?parentid=all

web.archive.org (Global: 1^st place; Arabic: 1^st place)

Gibbard، Philip؛ Head، Martin (سبتمبر 2010). "The newly-ratified definition of the Quaternary System/Period and redefinition of the Pleistocene Series/Epoch, and comparison of proposals advanced prior to formal ratification" (PDF). Episodes. ج. 33 ع. 3: 152–158. DOI:10.18814/epiiugs/2010/v33i3/002. مؤرشف من الأصل (PDF) في 2024-12-02. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2020-12-08.
Wilmarth، Mary Grace (1925). Bulletin 769: The Geologic Time Classification of the United States Geological Survey Compared With Other Classifications, accompanied by the original definitions of era, period and epoch terms. Washington, D.C., U.S.: U.S. Government Printing Office. ص. 47. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2024-02-20.
Pleistocene. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2017-08-20. {{استشهاد بموسوعة}}: تجاهل المحلل الوسيط |معجم= لأنه غير معروف (مساعدة)
"Major Divisions". Subcommission on Quaternary Stratigraphy. International Commission on Stratigraphy. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2025-05-14. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2024-12-17.
de Blij، Harm (2012). "Holocene Humanity". Why Geography Matters: More Than Ever (ط. 2nd). Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN:978-0-19-991374-9. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2024-12-08.
"International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2017/02". اللجنة الدولية للطبقات. 2017. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2025-06-16. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2018-03-17.
"Japan-based name 'Chibanian' set to represent geologic age of last magnetic shift". The Japan Times. 14 نوفمبر 2017. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2024-07-13. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2018-03-17.
"Formal subdivision of the Pleistocene Series/Epoch". Subcommission on Quaternary Stratigraphy (اللجنة الدولية للطبقات). 4 يناير 2016. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2018-06-24. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2018-03-17.
Riccardi, Alberto C. (30 June 2009). "IUGS ratified ICS Recommendation on redefinition of Pleistocene and formal definition of base of Quaternary" International Union of Geological Sciences نسخة محفوظة 2018-12-21 على موقع واي باك مشين.
Svensson، A.؛ Nielsen، S. W.؛ Kipfstuhl، S.؛ Johnsen، S. J.؛ Steffensen، J. P.؛ Bigler، M.؛ Ruth، U.؛ Röthlisberger، R. (2005). "Visual stratigraphy of the North Greenland Ice Core Project (NorthGRIP) ice core during the last glacial period" (PDF). Journal of Geophysical Research. ج. 110 ع. D2: D02108. Bibcode:2005JGRD..110.2108S. DOI:10.1029/2004jd005134. مؤرشف من الأصل (PDF) في 2018-04-21.
Rio، D.؛ Sprovieri، R.؛ Castradori، D.؛ Di Stefano، E. (1998). "The Gelasian Stage (Upper Pliocene): a new unit of the global standard chronostratigraphic scale" (PDF). Episodes. ج. 21 ع. 2: 82–87. DOI:10.18814/epiiugs/1998/v21i2/002. مؤرشف من الأصل (PDF) في 2018-08-20.
Hoag, Colin; Svenning, Jens-Christian (17 Oct 2017). "African Environmental Change from the Pleistocene to the Anthropocene". Annual Review of Environment and Resources (بالإنجليزية). 42 (1): 27–54. DOI:10.1146/annurev-environ-102016-060653. ISSN:1543-5938. Archived from the original on 2022-05-01. Retrieved 2022-06-05.
Gibbard, P. and van Kolfschoten, T. (2004) "The Pleistocene and Holocene Epochs" Chapter 22 بي دي إف (2.96 MiB) In Gradstein, F. M., Ogg, James G., and Smith, A. Gilbert (eds.), A Geologic Time Scale 2004 مطبعة جامعة كامبريدج, Cambridge, ISBN 0-521-78142-6 "نسخة مؤرشفة" (PDF). مؤرشف من الأصل في 2007-08-11. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2011-12-07.{{استشهاد ويب}}: صيانة الاستشهاد: BOT: original URL status unknown (link)
von der Heyden، Sophie (17 أبريل 2023). "Disentangling population structure in marine species". Nature Reviews Genetics. ج. 24 ع. Sep 2023: 589. DOI:10.1038/s41576-023-00606-9. PMID:37069255. S2CID:258189561. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2023-08-16. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2023-08-16.
"Quaternary Period". National Geographic. 6 يناير 2017. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2017-03-20.
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