انحياز تأكيدي (Arabic Wikipedia)

Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "انحياز تأكيدي" in Arabic language version.

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amazon.com

archive.org

berkeley.edu

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books.google.com

  • Tolstoy, Leo. What is Art? p. 124 (1899). In The Kingdom of God Is Within You (1893), he similarly declared, "The most difficult participants can be explained to the most slow-witted man if he has not formed any idea of them already; but the simplest thing cannot be made clear to the most intelligent man if he is firmly persuaded that he knows already, without a shadow of doubt, what is laid before him" (ch. 3). Translated from the Russian by Constance Garnett, New York, 1894. Project Gutenberg edition released November 2002. Retrieved 2009-08-24. "what+is+art"&output=html&source=gbs_search_r&cad=1 نسخة محفوظة 01 مارس 2017 على موقع واي باك مشين.

cornell.edu

comp9.psych.cornell.edu

doi.org

  • Nickerson، Raymond S. (يونيو 1998). "Confirmation Bias: A Ubiquitous Phenomenon in Many Guises". Review of General Psychology. ج. 2 ع. 2: 175–220. DOI:10.1037/1089-2680.2.2.175.
  • Redelmeir، D. A.؛ Tversky، Amos (1996)، "On the belief that arthritis pain is related to the weather"، Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences، ج. 93، ص. 2895–2896، DOI:10.1073/pnas.93.7.2895 via Kunda 1999، صفحة 127 Kunda، Ziva (1999)، Social Cognition: Making Sense of People، MIT Press، ISBN:978-0-262-61143-5، OCLC:40618974
  • Stanovich، K. E.؛ West, R. F.؛ Toplak, M. E. (5 أغسطس 2013). "Myside Bias, Rational Thinking, and Intelligence". Current Directions in Psychological Science. ج. 22 ع. 4: 259–264. DOI:10.1177/0963721413480174.
  • Wolfe، Christopher؛ Anne Britt (2008). "The locus of the myside bias in written argumentation" (PDF). Thinking & Reasoning. ج. 14: 1–27. DOI:10.1080/13546780701527674. مؤرشف من الأصل (PDF) في 2016-03-04.
  • Mason، Lucia؛ Scirica, Fabio (أكتوبر 2006). "Prediction of students' argumentation skills about controversial topics by epistemological understanding". Learning and Instruction. ج. 16 ع. 5: 492–509. DOI:10.1016/j.learninstruc.2006.09.007.
  • Weinstock، Michael (ديسمبر 2009). "Relative expertise in an everyday reasoning task: Epistemic understanding, problem representation, and reasoning competence". Learning and Individual Differences. ج. 19 ع. 4: 423–434. DOI:10.1016/j.lindif.2009.03.003.
  • Weinstock، Michael؛ Neuman, Yair؛ Tabak, Iris (يناير 2004). "Missing the point or missing the norms? Epistemological norms as predictors of students' ability to identify fallacious arguments". Contemporary Educational Psychology. ج. 29 ع. 1: 77–94. DOI:10.1016/S0361-476X(03)00024-9.
  • Bacon, Francis (1620). Novum Organum. reprinted in Burtt، E.A.، المحرر (1939)، The English philosophers from Bacon to Mill، New York: Random House، ص. 36 via Nickerson 1998، صفحة 176 Nickerson، Raymond S. (1998)، "Confirmation Bias; A Ubiquitous Phenomenon in Many Guises"، Review of General Psychology، Educational Publishing Foundation، ج. 2، ص. 175–220، DOI:10.1037/1089-2680.2.2.175، ISSN:1089-2680
  • Wason، Peter C. (1960)، "On the failure to eliminate hypotheses in a conceptual task"، Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology، Psychology Press، ج. 12، ص. 129–140، DOI:10.1080/17470216008416717، ISSN:1747-0226
  • Nickerson 1998، صفحة 179 Nickerson، Raymond S. (1998)، "Confirmation Bias; A Ubiquitous Phenomenon in Many Guises"، Review of General Psychology، Educational Publishing Foundation، ج. 2، ص. 175–220، DOI:10.1037/1089-2680.2.2.175، ISSN:1089-2680
  • Wason، Peter C. (1968)، "Reasoning about a rule"، Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology، Psychology Press، ج. 20، ص. 273–28، DOI:10.1080/14640746808400161، ISSN:1747-0226
  • Tweney، Ryan D.؛ Doherty، Michael E.؛ Worner، Winifred J.؛ Pliske، Daniel B.؛ Mynatt، Clifford R.؛ Gross، Kimberly A.؛ Arkkelin، Daniel L. (1980)، "Strategies of rule discovery in an inference task"، The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology، Psychology Press، ج. 32، ص. 109–123، DOI:10.1080/00335558008248237، ISSN:1747-0226 (Experiment IV)
  • Hergovich, Schott & Burger 2010 Hergovich، Andreas؛ Schott، Reinhard؛ Burger، Christoph (2010)، "Biased Evaluation of Abstracts Depending on Topic and Conclusion: Further Evidence of a Confirmation Bias Within Scientific Psychology"، Current Psychology، ج. 29، ص. 188–209، DOI:10.1007/s12144-010-9087-5
  • Maccoun 1998 Maccoun، Robert J. (1998)، "Biases in the interpretation and use of research results" (PDF)، Annual Review of Psychology، ج. 49، ص. 259–87، DOI:10.1146/annurev.psych.49.1.259، PMID:15012470، مؤرشف من الأصل (PDF) في 2017-08-09
  • Friedrich 1993، صفحة 298 Friedrich، James (1993)، "Primary error detection and minimization (PEDMIN) strategies in social cognition: a reinterpretation of confirmation bias phenomena"، Psychological Review، American Psychological Association، ج. 100، ص. 298–319، DOI:10.1037/0033-295X.100.2.298، ISSN:0033-295X، PMID:8483985
  • Nickerson 1998، صفحات 198–199 Nickerson، Raymond S. (1998)، "Confirmation Bias; A Ubiquitous Phenomenon in Many Guises"، Review of General Psychology، Educational Publishing Foundation، ج. 2، ص. 175–220، DOI:10.1037/1089-2680.2.2.175، ISSN:1089-2680
  • Nickerson 1998، صفحة 200 Nickerson، Raymond S. (1998)، "Confirmation Bias; A Ubiquitous Phenomenon in Many Guises"، Review of General Psychology، Educational Publishing Foundation، ج. 2، ص. 175–220، DOI:10.1037/1089-2680.2.2.175، ISSN:1089-2680
  • Nickerson 1998، صفحة 197 Nickerson، Raymond S. (1998)، "Confirmation Bias; A Ubiquitous Phenomenon in Many Guises"، Review of General Psychology، Educational Publishing Foundation، ج. 2، ص. 175–220، DOI:10.1037/1089-2680.2.2.175، ISSN:1089-2680
  • Dawson، Erica؛ Gilovich، Thomas؛ Regan، Dennis T. (أكتوبر 2002)، "Motivated Reasoning and Performance on the Wason Selection Task" (PDF)، Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin، Society for Personality and Social Psychology، ج. 28، ص. 1379–1387، DOI:10.1177/014616702236869، مؤرشف من الأصل (PDF) في 2012-07-12، اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2009-09-30
  • Ditto، Peter H.؛ Lopez، David F. (1992)، "Motivated skepticism: use of differential decision criteria for preferred and nonpreferred conclusions"، Journal of personality and social psychology، American Psychological Association، ج. 63، ص. 568–584، DOI:10.1037/0022-3514.63.4.568، ISSN:0022-3514
  • Nickerson 1998، صفحة 198 Nickerson، Raymond S. (1998)، "Confirmation Bias; A Ubiquitous Phenomenon in Many Guises"، Review of General Psychology، Educational Publishing Foundation، ج. 2، ص. 175–220، DOI:10.1037/1089-2680.2.2.175، ISSN:1089-2680
  • Friedrich 1993، صفحات 299, 316–317 Friedrich، James (1993)، "Primary error detection and minimization (PEDMIN) strategies in social cognition: a reinterpretation of confirmation bias phenomena"، Psychological Review، American Psychological Association، ج. 100، ص. 298–319، DOI:10.1037/0033-295X.100.2.298، ISSN:0033-295X، PMID:8483985
  • Dardenne، Benoit؛ Leyens، Jacques-Philippe (1995)، "Confirmation Bias as a Social Skill"، Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin، Society for Personality and Social Psychology، ج. 21، ص. 1229–1239، DOI:10.1177/01461672952111011، ISSN:1552-7433
  • Hilton، Denis J. (2001)، "The psychology of financial decision-making: Applications to trading, dealing, and investment analysis"، Journal of Behavioral Finance، Institute of Behavioral Finance، ج. 2، ص. 37–39، DOI:10.1207/S15327760JPFM0201_4، ISSN:1542-7579
  • Nickerson 1998، صفحة 192 Nickerson، Raymond S. (1998)، "Confirmation Bias; A Ubiquitous Phenomenon in Many Guises"، Review of General Psychology، Educational Publishing Foundation، ج. 2، ص. 175–220، DOI:10.1037/1089-2680.2.2.175، ISSN:1089-2680
  • Nickerson 1998، صفحات 191–193 Nickerson، Raymond S. (1998)، "Confirmation Bias; A Ubiquitous Phenomenon in Many Guises"، Review of General Psychology، Educational Publishing Foundation، ج. 2، ص. 175–220، DOI:10.1037/1089-2680.2.2.175، ISSN:1089-2680
  • Myers، D.G.؛ Lamm، H. (1976)، "The group polarization phenomenon"، Psychological Bulletin، ج. 83، ص. 602–627، DOI:10.1037/0033-2909.83.4.602 via Nickerson 1998، صفحات 193–194 Nickerson، Raymond S. (1998)، "Confirmation Bias; A Ubiquitous Phenomenon in Many Guises"، Review of General Psychology، Educational Publishing Foundation، ج. 2، ص. 175–220، DOI:10.1037/1089-2680.2.2.175، ISSN:1089-2680
  • Nickerson 1998، صفحة 190 Nickerson، Raymond S. (1998)، "Confirmation Bias; A Ubiquitous Phenomenon in Many Guises"، Review of General Psychology، Educational Publishing Foundation، ج. 2، ص. 175–220، DOI:10.1037/1089-2680.2.2.175، ISSN:1089-2680
  • Nickerson 1998، صفحات 192–194 Nickerson، Raymond S. (1998)، "Confirmation Bias; A Ubiquitous Phenomenon in Many Guises"، Review of General Psychology، Educational Publishing Foundation، ج. 2، ص. 175–220، DOI:10.1037/1089-2680.2.2.175، ISSN:1089-2680
  • Mahoney 1977 Mahoney، Michael J. (1977)، "Publication prejudices: an experimental study of confirmatory bias in the peer review system"، Cognitive Therapy and Research، ج. 1، ص. 161–175، DOI:10.1007/BF01173636
  • Swann، William B.؛ Pelham، Brett W.؛ Krull، Douglas S. (1989)، "Agreeable Fancy or Disagreeable Truth? Reconciling Self-Enhancement and Self-Verification"، Journal of Personality and Social Psychology، American Psychological Association، ج. 57، ص. 782–791، DOI:10.1037/0022-3514.57.5.782، ISSN:0022-3514، PMID:2810025
  • Swann، William B.؛ Read، Stephen J. (1981)، "Self-Verification Processes: How We Sustain Our Self-Conceptions"، Journal of Experimental Social Psychology، Academic Press، ج. 17، ص. 351–372، DOI:10.1016/0022-1031(81)90043-3، ISSN:0022-1031
  • Story، Amber L. (1998)، "Self-Esteem and Memory for Favorable and Unfavorable Personality Feedback"، Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin، Society for Personality and Social Psychology، ج. 24، ص. 51–64، DOI:10.1177/0146167298241004، ISSN:1552-7433
  • White، Michael J.؛ Brockett، Daniel R.؛ Overstreet، Belinda G. (1993)، "Confirmatory Bias in Evaluating Personality Test Information: Am I Really That Kind of Person?"، Journal of Counseling Psychology، American Psychological Association، ج. 40، ص. 120–126، DOI:10.1037/0022-0167.40.1.120، ISSN:0022-0167
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  • Shrauger، J. Sidney؛ Lund، Adrian K. (1975)، "Self-evaluation and reactions to evaluations from others"، Journal of Personality، Duke University Press، ج. 43، ص. 94–108، DOI:10.1111/j.1467-6494.1975.tb00574، PMID:1142062

gutenberg.org

  • Tolstoy, Leo. What is Art? p. 124 (1899). In The Kingdom of God Is Within You (1893), he similarly declared, "The most difficult participants can be explained to the most slow-witted man if he has not formed any idea of them already; but the simplest thing cannot be made clear to the most intelligent man if he is firmly persuaded that he knows already, without a shadow of doubt, what is laid before him" (ch. 3). Translated from the Russian by Constance Garnett, New York, 1894. Project Gutenberg edition released November 2002. Retrieved 2009-08-24. "what+is+art"&output=html&source=gbs_search_r&cad=1 نسخة محفوظة 01 مارس 2017 على موقع واي باك مشين.

in.gov

muohio.edu

think.psy.muohio.edu

myfoxal.com

nih.gov

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

  • Shafir, E. (1993), "Choosing versus rejecting: why some options are both better and worse than others", Memory and Cognition 21 (4): 546–556, doi:10.3758/bf03197186, ببمد8350746 via Fine 2006, pp. 63–65
  • Westen, Drew; Blagov, Pavel S.; Harenski, Keith; Kilts, Clint; Hamann, Stephan (2006), "Neural Bases of Motivated Reasoning: An fMRI Study of Emotional Constraints on Partisan Political Judgment in the 2004 U.S. Presidential Election", Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience (Massachusetts Institute of Technology) 18 (11): 1947–1958, doi:10.1162/jocn.2006.18.11.1947, ببمد17069484, retrieved 2009-08-14
  • Sanitioso, Rasyid; Kunda, Ziva; Fong, G.T. (1990), "Motivated recruitment of autobiographical memories", Journal of Personality and Social Psychology (American Psychological Association) 59 (2): 229–241, doi:10.1037/0022-3514.59.2.229, ISSN 0022-3514, ببمد2213492
  • Ross, Lee; Lepper, Mark R.; Hubbard, Michael (1975), "Perseverance in self-perception and social perception: Biased attributional processes in the debriefing paradigm", Journal of Personality and Social Psychology (American Psychological Association) 32 (5): 880–892, doi:10.1037/0022-3514.32.5.880, ISSN 0022-3514, ببمد1185517 via Kunda 1999, p. 99
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pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

ssrn.com

papers.ssrn.com

  • Roach، Kent (2010)، "Wrongful Convictions: Adversarial and Inquisitorial Themes"، North Carolina Journal of International Law and Commercial Regulation، ج. 35، SSRN:1619124، Both adversarial and inquisitorial systems seem subject to the dangers of tunnel vision or confirmation bias.

tufts.edu

perseus.tufts.edu

wave3.com

wdrb.com

web.archive.org

worldcat.org