بعثات تبشيرية مسيحية (Arabic Wikipedia)

Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "بعثات تبشيرية مسيحية" in Arabic language version.

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academia.edu

britannica.com

  • "Mission". Encyclopaedia Britannica. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2015-05-01. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2013-01-08.

desiringgod.org

doi.org

  • Andrews، Edward (2010). "Christian Missions and Colonial Empires Reconsidered: A Black Evangelist in West Africa, 1766–1816". Journal of Church & State. ج. 51 ع. 4: 663–691. DOI:10.1093/jcs/csp090. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2015-08-25. Historians have traditionally looked at Christian missionaries in one of two ways. The first church historians to catalogue missionary history provided hagiographic descriptions of their trials, successes, and sometimes even martyrdom. Missionaries were thus visible saints, exemplars of ideal piety in a sea of persistent savagery. However, by the middle of the twentieth century, an era marked by civil rights movements, anti-colonialism, and growing secularization, missionaries were viewed quite differently. Instead of godly martyrs, historians now described missionaries as arrogant and rapacious imperialists. Christianity became not a saving grace but a monolithic and aggressive force that missionaries imposed upon defiant natives. Indeed, missionaries were now understood as important agents in the ever-expanding nation-state, or "ideological shock troops for colonial invasion whose zealotry blinded them.

jstor.org

  • "JSTOR". jstor.org. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2020-03-16. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2015-10-12.

odis.be

oxfordjournals.org

jcs.oxfordjournals.org

  • Andrews، Edward (2010). "Christian Missions and Colonial Empires Reconsidered: A Black Evangelist in West Africa, 1766–1816". Journal of Church & State. ج. 51 ع. 4: 663–691. DOI:10.1093/jcs/csp090. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2015-08-25. Historians have traditionally looked at Christian missionaries in one of two ways. The first church historians to catalogue missionary history provided hagiographic descriptions of their trials, successes, and sometimes even martyrdom. Missionaries were thus visible saints, exemplars of ideal piety in a sea of persistent savagery. However, by the middle of the twentieth century, an era marked by civil rights movements, anti-colonialism, and growing secularization, missionaries were viewed quite differently. Instead of godly martyrs, historians now described missionaries as arrogant and rapacious imperialists. Christianity became not a saving grace but a monolithic and aggressive force that missionaries imposed upon defiant natives. Indeed, missionaries were now understood as important agents in the ever-expanding nation-state, or "ideological shock troops for colonial invasion whose zealotry blinded them.

secondenlightenment.org

  • Bevans، Steven. "Christian Complicity in Colonialism/ Globalism" (PDF). مؤرشف من الأصل (PDF) في 2017-07-06. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2010-11-17. The modern missionary era was in many ways the 'religious arm' of colonialism, whether Portuguese and Spanish colonialism in the sixteenth Century, or British, French, German, Belgian or American colonialism in the nineteenth. This was not all bad — oftentimes missionaries were heroic defenders of the rights of indigenous peoples

vatican.va

web.archive.org

  • "Mission". Encyclopaedia Britannica. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2015-05-01. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2013-01-08.
  • DOCTRINAL NOTEON SOME ASPECTS OF EVANGELIZATION نسخة محفوظة 09 يوليو 2017 على موقع واي باك مشين.
  • Missions: Rescuing from Hell and Renewing the World | Desiring God نسخة محفوظة 19 أغسطس 2014 على موقع واي باك مشين.
  • Robert D. Woodberry, "The missionary roots of liberal democracy," American Political Science Review 106.2 (2012): 244-274 / online نسخة محفوظة 17 مارس 2020 على موقع واي باك مشين.
  • "JSTOR". jstor.org. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2020-03-16. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2015-10-12.
  • Bevans، Steven. "Christian Complicity in Colonialism/ Globalism" (PDF). مؤرشف من الأصل (PDF) في 2017-07-06. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2010-11-17. The modern missionary era was in many ways the 'religious arm' of colonialism, whether Portuguese and Spanish colonialism in the sixteenth Century, or British, French, German, Belgian or American colonialism in the nineteenth. This was not all bad — oftentimes missionaries were heroic defenders of the rights of indigenous peoples
  • Andrews، Edward (2010). "Christian Missions and Colonial Empires Reconsidered: A Black Evangelist in West Africa, 1766–1816". Journal of Church & State. ج. 51 ع. 4: 663–691. DOI:10.1093/jcs/csp090. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2015-08-25. Historians have traditionally looked at Christian missionaries in one of two ways. The first church historians to catalogue missionary history provided hagiographic descriptions of their trials, successes, and sometimes even martyrdom. Missionaries were thus visible saints, exemplars of ideal piety in a sea of persistent savagery. However, by the middle of the twentieth century, an era marked by civil rights movements, anti-colonialism, and growing secularization, missionaries were viewed quite differently. Instead of godly martyrs, historians now described missionaries as arrogant and rapacious imperialists. Christianity became not a saving grace but a monolithic and aggressive force that missionaries imposed upon defiant natives. Indeed, missionaries were now understood as important agents in the ever-expanding nation-state, or "ideological shock troops for colonial invasion whose zealotry blinded them.