Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "بوغروم" in Arabic language version.
Note 45. It should be remembered that for all the violence and property damage caused by the 1881 pogroms, the number of deaths could be counted on one hand.Further information: Oleg Budnitskii (2012). Russian Jews Between the Reds and the Whites, 1917-1920. University of Pennsylvania Press. ص. 17–20. ISBN:978-0812208146. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2020-01-09.
After the end of the fighting and as a result of the Polish victory, some of the Polish soldiers and the civilian population started a pogrom against the Jewish inhabitants. Polish soldiers maintained that the Jews had sympathized with the Ukrainian position during the conflicts
{{استشهاد بكتاب}}: |عمل= تُجوهل (مساعدة) Also in: Carole Fink (2006). Defending the Rights of Others: The Great Powers, the Jews, and International Minority Protection, 1878-1938. Cambridge University Press. ص. 112. ISBN:978-0521029940. See: Wihelmstrasse. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2020-01-26. As well as: Peter D. Stachura (1998). Poland between the Wars, 1918–1939. Springer. ص. 36. ISBN:978-1349269426. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2020-01-10.The etymological roots of the term pogrom are unclear, although it seems to be derived from the Slavic word for "thunder(bolt)" (Russian: grom, Ukrainian: hrim). The first syllable, po-, is a prefix indicating "means" or "target". The word therefore seems to imply a sudden burst of energy (thunderbolt) directed at a specific target. A pogrom is generally thought of as a cross between a popular riot and a military atrocity, where an unarmed civilian, often urban, population is attacked by either an army unit or peasants from surrounding villages, or a combination of the two.
Engel states that although there are no "essential defining characteristics of a pogrom", the majority of the incidents "habitually" described as pogroms "took place in divided societies in which ethnicity or religion (or both) served as significant definers of both social boundaries and social rank.
Also: PDF cache archived by WebCite.
{{استشهاد ويب}}: تحقق من قيمة |مسار أرشيف= (مساعدة) وروابط خارجية في |اقتباس=The common usage of the term pogrom to describe any attack against Jews throughout history disguises the great variation in the scale, nature, motivation, and intent of such violence at different times.
Note 45. It should be remembered that for all the violence and property damage caused by the 1881 pogroms, the number of deaths could be counted on one hand.Further information: Oleg Budnitskii (2012). Russian Jews Between the Reds and the Whites, 1917-1920. University of Pennsylvania Press. ص. 17–20. ISBN:978-0812208146. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2020-01-09.
After the end of the fighting and as a result of the Polish victory, some of the Polish soldiers and the civilian population started a pogrom against the Jewish inhabitants. Polish soldiers maintained that the Jews had sympathized with the Ukrainian position during the conflicts
{{استشهاد بكتاب}}: |عمل= تُجوهل (مساعدة) Also in: Carole Fink (2006). Defending the Rights of Others: The Great Powers, the Jews, and International Minority Protection, 1878-1938. Cambridge University Press. ص. 112. ISBN:978-0521029940. See: Wihelmstrasse. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2020-01-26. As well as: Peter D. Stachura (1998). Poland between the Wars, 1918–1939. Springer. ص. 36. ISBN:978-1349269426. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2020-01-10.Also: PDF cache archived by WebCite.
{{استشهاد ويب}}: تحقق من قيمة |مسار أرشيف= (مساعدة) وروابط خارجية في |اقتباس=The etymological roots of the term pogrom are unclear, although it seems to be derived from the Slavic word for "thunder(bolt)" (Russian: grom, Ukrainian: hrim). The first syllable, po-, is a prefix indicating "means" or "target". The word therefore seems to imply a sudden burst of energy (thunderbolt) directed at a specific target. A pogrom is generally thought of as a cross between a popular riot and a military atrocity, where an unarmed civilian, often urban, population is attacked by either an army unit or peasants from surrounding villages, or a combination of the two.
Engel states that although there are no "essential defining characteristics of a pogrom", the majority of the incidents "habitually" described as pogroms "took place in divided societies in which ethnicity or religion (or both) served as significant definers of both social boundaries and social rank.
Also: PDF cache archived by WebCite.
{{استشهاد ويب}}: تحقق من قيمة |مسار أرشيف= (مساعدة) وروابط خارجية في |اقتباس=The common usage of the term pogrom to describe any attack against Jews throughout history disguises the great variation in the scale, nature, motivation, and intent of such violence at different times.