Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "تاريخ العبودية في العالم الإسلامي" in Arabic language version.
Historian Roger Botte estimates that Arab slave trade of Africans until the 20th century has involved from 12 to 15 million persons, with the active participation of African leaders.
{{استشهاد بكتاب}}: صيانة الاستشهاد: التاريخ والسنة (link){{استشهاد بكتاب}}: |archive-date= / |archive-url= timestamp mismatch (مساعدة){{استشهاد بكتاب}}: |archive-date= / |archive-url= timestamp mismatch (مساعدة)Since the mid-twentieth century, slavery has been virtually extinct in the central Islamic lands, though reports from Sudan and Somalia reveal that slavery is still practiced in border areas as a result of continuing warfare.
ln later times, for which we have more detailed evidence, it would seem that while the slaves often suffered appalling privations from the moment of their capture until their arrival at their final destination, once they were placed with a family they were reasonably well treated and accepted in some degree as members of the household. In commerce, slaves were often apprenticed to their masters, sometimes as assistants, sometimes advancing to become agents or even business partners.
{{استشهاد ويب}}: صيانة الاستشهاد: الأرشيف كعنوان (link){{استشهاد بكتاب}}: صيانة الاستشهاد: علامات ترقيم زائدة (link)ln later times, for which we have more detailed evidence, it would seem that while the slaves often suffered appalling privations from the moment of their capture until their arrival at their final destination, once they were placed with a family they were reasonably well treated and accepted in some degree as members of the household. In commerce, slaves were often apprenticed to their masters, sometimes as assistants, sometimes advancing to become agents or even business partners.
{{استشهاد بكتاب}}: صيانة الاستشهاد: علامات ترقيم زائدة (link){{استشهاد بكتاب}}: |archive-date= / |archive-url= timestamp mismatch (مساعدة){{استشهاد بكتاب}}: |archive-date= / |archive-url= timestamp mismatch (مساعدة){{استشهاد ويب}}: صيانة الاستشهاد: الأرشيف كعنوان (link){{استشهاد بكتاب}}: صيانة الاستشهاد: علامات ترقيم زائدة (link)