تطور الشيخوخة (Arabic Wikipedia)

Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "تطور الشيخوخة" in Arabic language version.

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15doi.org

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14nih.gov

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4harvard.edu

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2archive.org

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2web.archive.org

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1jstor.org

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1evolutionary-ecology.com

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1nature.com

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archive.org

Williams، George C. (ديسمبر 1957). "Pleiotropy, Natural Selection, and the Evolution of Senescence". Evolution. ج. 11 ع. 4: 398–411. DOI:10.1111/j.1558-5646.1957.tb02911.x. JSTOR:2406060.
Gensler HL، Bernstein H (سبتمبر 1981). "DNA damage as the primary cause of aging". The Quarterly Review of Biology. ج. 56 ع. 3: 279–303. DOI:10.1086/412317. PMID:7031747.

doi.org

Williams، George C. (ديسمبر 1957). "Pleiotropy, Natural Selection, and the Evolution of Senescence". Evolution. ج. 11 ع. 4: 398–411. DOI:10.1111/j.1558-5646.1957.tb02911.x. JSTOR:2406060.
Kirkwood، T. B. L. (نوفمبر 1977). "Evolution of ageing". Nature. ج. 270 ع. 5635: 301–4. Bibcode:1977Natur.270..301K. DOI:10.1038/270301a0. PMID:593350.
Edney EB، Gill RW (أكتوبر 1968). "Evolution of senescence and specific longevity". Nature. ج. 220 ع. 5164: 281–2. DOI:10.1038/220281a0. PMID:5684860.
Monaco TO، Silveira PS (مايو 2009). "Aging is not senescence: a short computer demonstration and implications for medical practice". Clinics. ج. 64 ع. 5: 451–7. DOI:10.1590/S1807-59322009000500013. PMC:2694250. PMID:19488612.
Edney EB، Gill RW (أكتوبر 1968). "Evolution of senescence and specific longevity". Nature. ج. 220 ع. 5164: 281–2. Bibcode:1968Natur.220..281E. DOI:10.1038/220281a0. PMID:5684860. Further describes theory of mutation accumulation.
Carter AJ، Nguyen AQ (ديسمبر 2011). "Antagonistic pleiotropy as a widespread mechanism for the maintenance of polymorphic disease alleles". BMC Medical Genetics. ج. 12: 160. DOI:10.1186/1471-2350-12-160. PMC:3254080. PMID:22151998.{{استشهاد بدورية محكمة}}: صيانة الاستشهاد: دوي مجاني غير معلم (link)
Curtsinger، J.W. (2001). "Senescence: Genetic Theories". International Encyclopedia of the Social & Behavioral Sciences. ص. 13897–902. DOI:10.1016/B0-08-043076-7/03374-X. ISBN:978-0-08-043076-8.
Leroi AM، Chippindale AK، Rose MR (أغسطس 1994). "Long-term laboratory evolution of a genetic life-history tradeoff in Drosophila melanogaster. 1. The role of genotype-by-environment interaction". Evolution; International Journal of Organic Evolution. ج. 48 ع. 4: 1244–1257. DOI:10.1111/j.1558-5646.1994.tb05309.x. PMID:28564485.
Kirkwood TB (نوفمبر 1977). "Evolution of ageing". Nature. ج. 270 ع. 5635: 301–4. Bibcode:1977Natur.270..301K. DOI:10.1038/270301a0. PMID:593350. Origin of the disposable soma theory.
Lorenzini A، Stamato T، Sell C (نوفمبر 2011). "The disposable soma theory revisited: time as a resource in the theories of aging". Cell Cycle. ج. 10 ع. 22: 3853–6. DOI:10.4161/cc.10.22.18302. PMID:22071624.
Weindruch R (1996). "The retardation of aging by caloric restriction: studies in rodents and primates". Toxicologic Pathology. ج. 24 ع. 6: 742–5. DOI:10.1177/019262339602400618. PMID:8994305.
Masoro EJ (سبتمبر 2005). "Overview of caloric restriction and ageing". Mechanisms of Ageing and Development. ج. 126 ع. 9: 913–22. DOI:10.1016/j.mad.2005.03.012. PMID:15885745. Overview of caloric restriction and aging.
Gensler HL، Bernstein H (سبتمبر 1981). "DNA damage as the primary cause of aging". The Quarterly Review of Biology. ج. 56 ع. 3: 279–303. DOI:10.1086/412317. PMID:7031747.
Goldsmith T (2009). "Mammal aging: active and passive mechanisms". Journal of Bioscience Hypotheses. ج. 2 ع. 2: 59–64. DOI:10.1016/j.bihy.2008.12.002. Article compares programmed and non-programmed maintenance theories of ageing in light of empirical evidence.
Holliday R (مايو 2006). "Aging is no longer an unsolved problem in biology". Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. ج. 1067 ع. 1: 1–9. Bibcode:2006NYASA1067....1H. DOI:10.1196/annals.1354.002. PMID:16803964.

evolutionary-ecology.com

Yang، Jiang-Nan (2013). "Viscous populations evolve altruistic programmed ageing in ability conflict in a changing environment". Evolutionary Ecology Research. ج. 15: 527–543. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2017-08-11. {{استشهاد بدورية محكمة}}: تجاهل المحلل الوسيط |name-list-format= لأنه غير معروف، ويقترح استخدام |name-list-style= (مساعدة)

harvard.edu

ui.adsabs.harvard.edu

Kirkwood، T. B. L. (نوفمبر 1977). "Evolution of ageing". Nature. ج. 270 ع. 5635: 301–4. Bibcode:1977Natur.270..301K. DOI:10.1038/270301a0. PMID:593350.
Edney EB، Gill RW (أكتوبر 1968). "Evolution of senescence and specific longevity". Nature. ج. 220 ع. 5164: 281–2. Bibcode:1968Natur.220..281E. DOI:10.1038/220281a0. PMID:5684860. Further describes theory of mutation accumulation.
Kirkwood TB (نوفمبر 1977). "Evolution of ageing". Nature. ج. 270 ع. 5635: 301–4. Bibcode:1977Natur.270..301K. DOI:10.1038/270301a0. PMID:593350. Origin of the disposable soma theory.
Holliday R (مايو 2006). "Aging is no longer an unsolved problem in biology". Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. ج. 1067 ع. 1: 1–9. Bibcode:2006NYASA1067....1H. DOI:10.1196/annals.1354.002. PMID:16803964.

jstor.org

Williams، George C. (ديسمبر 1957). "Pleiotropy, Natural Selection, and the Evolution of Senescence". Evolution. ج. 11 ع. 4: 398–411. DOI:10.1111/j.1558-5646.1957.tb02911.x. JSTOR:2406060.

nature.com

Fabian، Daniel؛ Flatt، Thomas (2011). "The Evolution of Aging". Scitable. Nature Publishing Group. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2019-03-31. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2014-05-20. {{استشهاد ويب}}: تجاهل المحلل الوسيط |name-list-format= لأنه غير معروف، ويقترح استخدام |name-list-style= (مساعدة)

nih.gov

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Kirkwood، T. B. L. (نوفمبر 1977). "Evolution of ageing". Nature. ج. 270 ع. 5635: 301–4. Bibcode:1977Natur.270..301K. DOI:10.1038/270301a0. PMID:593350.
Edney EB، Gill RW (أكتوبر 1968). "Evolution of senescence and specific longevity". Nature. ج. 220 ع. 5164: 281–2. DOI:10.1038/220281a0. PMID:5684860.
Monaco TO، Silveira PS (مايو 2009). "Aging is not senescence: a short computer demonstration and implications for medical practice". Clinics. ج. 64 ع. 5: 451–7. DOI:10.1590/S1807-59322009000500013. PMC:2694250. PMID:19488612.
Edney EB، Gill RW (أكتوبر 1968). "Evolution of senescence and specific longevity". Nature. ج. 220 ع. 5164: 281–2. Bibcode:1968Natur.220..281E. DOI:10.1038/220281a0. PMID:5684860. Further describes theory of mutation accumulation.
Carter AJ، Nguyen AQ (ديسمبر 2011). "Antagonistic pleiotropy as a widespread mechanism for the maintenance of polymorphic disease alleles". BMC Medical Genetics. ج. 12: 160. DOI:10.1186/1471-2350-12-160. PMC:3254080. PMID:22151998.{{استشهاد بدورية محكمة}}: صيانة الاستشهاد: دوي مجاني غير معلم (link)
Leroi AM، Chippindale AK، Rose MR (أغسطس 1994). "Long-term laboratory evolution of a genetic life-history tradeoff in Drosophila melanogaster. 1. The role of genotype-by-environment interaction". Evolution; International Journal of Organic Evolution. ج. 48 ع. 4: 1244–1257. DOI:10.1111/j.1558-5646.1994.tb05309.x. PMID:28564485.
Kirkwood TB (نوفمبر 1977). "Evolution of ageing". Nature. ج. 270 ع. 5635: 301–4. Bibcode:1977Natur.270..301K. DOI:10.1038/270301a0. PMID:593350. Origin of the disposable soma theory.
Lorenzini A، Stamato T، Sell C (نوفمبر 2011). "The disposable soma theory revisited: time as a resource in the theories of aging". Cell Cycle. ج. 10 ع. 22: 3853–6. DOI:10.4161/cc.10.22.18302. PMID:22071624.
Weindruch R (1996). "The retardation of aging by caloric restriction: studies in rodents and primates". Toxicologic Pathology. ج. 24 ع. 6: 742–5. DOI:10.1177/019262339602400618. PMID:8994305.
Masoro EJ (سبتمبر 2005). "Overview of caloric restriction and ageing". Mechanisms of Ageing and Development. ج. 126 ع. 9: 913–22. DOI:10.1016/j.mad.2005.03.012. PMID:15885745. Overview of caloric restriction and aging.
Gensler HL، Bernstein H (سبتمبر 1981). "DNA damage as the primary cause of aging". The Quarterly Review of Biology. ج. 56 ع. 3: 279–303. DOI:10.1086/412317. PMID:7031747.
Holliday R (مايو 2006). "Aging is no longer an unsolved problem in biology". Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. ج. 1067 ع. 1: 1–9. Bibcode:2006NYASA1067....1H. DOI:10.1196/annals.1354.002. PMID:16803964.

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Monaco TO، Silveira PS (مايو 2009). "Aging is not senescence: a short computer demonstration and implications for medical practice". Clinics. ج. 64 ع. 5: 451–7. DOI:10.1590/S1807-59322009000500013. PMC:2694250. PMID:19488612.
Carter AJ، Nguyen AQ (ديسمبر 2011). "Antagonistic pleiotropy as a widespread mechanism for the maintenance of polymorphic disease alleles". BMC Medical Genetics. ج. 12: 160. DOI:10.1186/1471-2350-12-160. PMC:3254080. PMID:22151998.{{استشهاد بدورية محكمة}}: صيانة الاستشهاد: دوي مجاني غير معلم (link)

web.archive.org

Yang، Jiang-Nan (2013). "Viscous populations evolve altruistic programmed ageing in ability conflict in a changing environment". Evolutionary Ecology Research. ج. 15: 527–543. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2017-08-11. {{استشهاد بدورية محكمة}}: تجاهل المحلل الوسيط |name-list-format= لأنه غير معروف، ويقترح استخدام |name-list-style= (مساعدة)
Fabian، Daniel؛ Flatt، Thomas (2011). "The Evolution of Aging". Scitable. Nature Publishing Group. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2019-03-31. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2014-05-20. {{استشهاد ويب}}: تجاهل المحلل الوسيط |name-list-format= لأنه غير معروف، ويقترح استخدام |name-list-style= (مساعدة)