تطور مشترك (Arabic Wikipedia)

Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "تطور مشترك" in Arabic language version.

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32doi.org

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26nih.gov

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25web.archive.org

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10harvard.edu

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9archive.org

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8semanticscholar.org

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5worldcat.org

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2wikidata.org

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2books.google.com

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2darwin-online.org.uk

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1macmillanlearning.com

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1bris.ac.uk

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1fna.org

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1biodiversitylibrary.org

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1whiterose.ac.uk

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1nationalgeographic.com

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1phys.org

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1berkeley.edu

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1ucl.ac.uk

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1henrikvaleur.dk

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1movingcities.org

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1arxiv.org

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amjbot.org

Friedman, W. E. (يناير 2009). "The meaning of Darwin's 'abominable mystery'". Am. J. Bot. ج. 96 ع. 1: 5–21. DOI:10.3732/ajb.0800150. PMID:21628174. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2018-01-24.

archive.org

نزار مصطفى الملاح (د.ت.)، معجم الملاح في مصطلحات علم الحشرات (بالعربية والإنجليزية)، الموصل: جامعة الموصل، ص. 194، QID:Q118929029 {{استشهاد}}: تحقق من التاريخ في: |publication-date= (مساعدة)
Thompson, John N. (2005). The geographic mosaic of coevolution. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. ISBN:978-0-226-11869-7. OCLC:646854337.
Thompson, J. N. (1994). The Coevolutionary Process. University of Chicago Press. ص. whole book. ISBN:978-0-226-79759-5.
Brown James H.؛ Kodric-Brown Astrid (1979). "Convergence, Competition, and Mimicry in a Temperate Community of Hummingbird-Pollinated Flowers". Ecology. ج. 60 ع. 5: 1022–1035. DOI:10.2307/1936870. JSTOR:1936870. S2CID:53604204.
Hölldobler، Bert؛ Wilson، Edward O. (1990). The ants. Harvard University Press. ص. 532–533. ISBN:978-0-674-04075-5. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2021-02-27.
Mintzer، Alex؛ Vinson, S.B. (1985). "Kinship and incompatibility between colonies of the acacia ant Pseudomyrex ferruginea". Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology. ج. 17 ع. 1: 75–78. DOI:10.1007/bf00299432. JSTOR:4599807. S2CID:9538185.
Ehrlich، Paul R.؛ Raven، Peter H. (1964). "Butterflies and Plants: A Study in Coevolution". Evolution. ج. 18 ع. 4: 586–608. DOI:10.2307/2406212. JSTOR:2406212. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2022-03-10.
Gullan, P. J.؛ Cranston, P. S. (2010). The Insects: An Outline of Entomology (ط. 4th). Wiley. ص. 291–293. ISBN:978-1-118-84615-5. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2021-03-08.
Norgaard، Richard B. (1994). Development Betrayed: The End of Progress and a Coevolutionary Revisioning of the Future. Routledge.

arxiv.org

Gnedin، Oleg Y.؛ وآخرون (2014). "Co-Evolution of Galactic Nuclei and Globular Cluster Systems". The Astrophysical Journal. ج. 785 ع. 1: 71. arXiv:1308.0021. Bibcode:2014ApJ...785...71G. DOI:10.1088/0004-637X/785/1/71. S2CID:118660328.

berkeley.edu

evolution.berkeley.edu

"Coevolution". University of California Berkeley. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2021-02-24. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2017-01-17. and the two following pages of the web article.

biodiversitylibrary.org

Stiles, F. Gary (1981). "Geographical Aspects of Bird Flower Coevolution, with Particular Reference to Central America". Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden. ج. 68 ع. 2: 323–351. DOI:10.2307/2398801. JSTOR:2398801. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2021-05-31.

books.google.com

Thompson، John N. (1994). The coevolutionary process. Chicago: دار نشر جامعة شيكاغو. ISBN:978-0-226-79760-1. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2021-07-04. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2009-07-27.
Carroll، Lewis (1875) [1871]. Through the Looking-glass: And what Alice Found There. Macmillan. ص. 42. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2020-07-29. it takes all the running you can do, to keep in the same place.

bris.ac.uk

palaeo.gly.bris.ac.uk

"Coevolution of angiosperms and insects". University of Bristol Palaeobiology Research Group. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2016-12-20. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2017-01-16.

dac.dk

"About Co-evolution". Danish Architecture Centre. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2015-11-20. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2015-08-29.

darwin-online.org.uk

Darwin، Charles (1859). On the Origin of Species (ط. 1st). London: John Murray. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2021-07-01. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2009-02-07.
Darwin، Charles (1877). On the various contrivances by which British and foreign orchids are fertilised by insects, and on the good effects of intercrossing (ط. 2nd). London: John Murray. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2021-04-28. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2009-07-27.

doi.org

Guimarães, Paulo R.; Pires, Mathias M.; Jordano, Pedro; Bascompte, Jordi; Thompson, John N. (Oct 2017). "Indirect effects drive coevolution in mutualistic networks". Nature (بالإنجليزية). 550 (7677): 511–514. Bibcode:2017Natur.550..511G. DOI:10.1038/nature24273. ISSN:1476-4687. PMID:29045396. S2CID:205261069.
Cardinal، Sophie؛ Danforth، Bryan N. (2013). "Bees diversified in the age of eudicots". Proceedings of the Royal Society B. ج. 280 ع. 1755: 20122686. DOI:10.1098/rspb.2012.2686. PMC:3574388. PMID:23363629.
Friedman, W. E. (يناير 2009). "The meaning of Darwin's 'abominable mystery'". Am. J. Bot. ج. 96 ع. 1: 5–21. DOI:10.3732/ajb.0800150. PMID:21628174. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2018-01-24.
Lunau، Klaus (2004). "Adaptive radiation and coevolution — pollination biology case studies". Organisms Diversity & Evolution. ج. 4 ع. 3: 207–224. DOI:10.1016/j.ode.2004.02.002.
Pellmyr، Olle؛ James Leebens-Mack (أغسطس 1999). "Forty million years of mutualism: Evidence for Eocene origin of the yucca-yucca moth association". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. ج. 96 ع. 16: 9178–9183. Bibcode:1999PNAS...96.9178P. DOI:10.1073/pnas.96.16.9178. PMC:17753. PMID:10430916.
Kay، Kathleen M.؛ Reeves، Patrick A.؛ Olmstead، Richard G.؛ Schemske، Douglas W. (2005). "Rapid speciation and the evolution of hummingbird pollination in neotropical Costus subgenus Costus (Costaceae): evidence from nrDNA ITS and ETS sequences". American Journal of Botany. ج. 92 ع. 11: 1899–1910. DOI:10.3732/ajb.92.11.1899. PMID:21646107. S2CID:2991957.
Brown James H.؛ Kodric-Brown Astrid (1979). "Convergence, Competition, and Mimicry in a Temperate Community of Hummingbird-Pollinated Flowers". Ecology. ج. 60 ع. 5: 1022–1035. DOI:10.2307/1936870. JSTOR:1936870. S2CID:53604204.
Cronk، Quentin؛ Ojeda، Isidro (2008). "Bird-pollinated flowers in an evolutionary and molecular context". Journal of Experimental Botany. ج. 59 ع. 4: 715–727. DOI:10.1093/jxb/ern009. PMID:18326865.
Stiles, F. Gary (1981). "Geographical Aspects of Bird Flower Coevolution, with Particular Reference to Central America". Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden. ج. 68 ع. 2: 323–351. DOI:10.2307/2398801. JSTOR:2398801. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2021-05-31.
Schemske، Douglas W.؛ Bradshaw، H.D. (1999). "Pollinator preference and the evolution of floral traits in monkeyflowers (Mimulus)". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. ج. 96 ع. 21: 11910–11915. Bibcode:1999PNAS...9611910S. DOI:10.1073/pnas.96.21.11910. PMC:18386. PMID:10518550.
Castellanos، M. C.؛ Wilson، P.؛ Thomson، J.D. (2005). "'Anti-bee' and 'pro-bird' changes during the evolution of hummingbird pollination in Penstemon flowers". Journal of Evolutionary Biology. ج. 17 ع. 4: 876–885. DOI:10.1111/j.1420-9101.2004.00729.x. PMID:15271088.
Stein، Katharina؛ Hensen، Isabell (2011). "Potential Pollinators and Robbers: A Study of the Floral Visitors of Heliconia Angusta (Heliconiaceae) And Their Behaviour". Journal of Pollination Ecology. ج. 4 ع. 6: 39–47. DOI:10.26786/1920-7603(2011)7.
Suleman، Nazia؛ Sait، Steve؛ Compton، Stephen G. (2015). "Female figs as traps: Their impact on the dynamics of an experimental fig tree-pollinator-parasitoid community" (PDF). Acta Oecologica. ج. 62: 1–9. Bibcode:2015AcO....62....1S. DOI:10.1016/j.actao.2014.11.001. مؤرشف من الأصل (PDF) في 2021-01-16.
Palmer TM، Doak DF، Stanton ML، Bronstein JL، Kiers ET، Young TP، Goheen JR، Pringle RM (2010). "Synergy of multiple partners, including freeloaders, increases host fitness in a multispecies mutualism". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. ج. 107 ع. 40: 17234–9. Bibcode:2010PNAS..10717234P. DOI:10.1073/pnas.1006872107. PMC:2951420. PMID:20855614.
Mintzer، Alex؛ Vinson, S.B. (1985). "Kinship and incompatibility between colonies of the acacia ant Pseudomyrex ferruginea". Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology. ج. 17 ع. 1: 75–78. DOI:10.1007/bf00299432. JSTOR:4599807. S2CID:9538185.
Woolhouse، M. E. J.؛ Webster، J. P.؛ Domingo، E.؛ Charlesworth، B.؛ Levin، B. R. (ديسمبر 2002). "Biological and biomedical implications of the coevolution of pathogens and their hosts" (PDF). Nature Genetics. ج. 32 ع. 4: 569–77. DOI:10.1038/ng1202-569. hdl:1842/689. PMID:12457190. S2CID:33145462. مؤرشف من الأصل (PDF) في 2012-03-02.
Rabajante، J.؛ وآخرون (2015). "Red Queen dynamics in multi-host and multi-parasite interaction system". Scientific Reports. ج. 5: 10004. Bibcode:2015NatSR...510004R. DOI:10.1038/srep10004. PMC:4405699. PMID:25899168.
Morran, L.T.؛ Schmidt, O.G.؛ Gelarden, I.A.؛ Parrish, R.C. II؛ Lively, C.M. (8 يوليو 2011). "Running with the Red Queen: Host-Parasite Coevolution Selects for Biparental Sex". Science. ج. 333 ع. 6039: 216–8. Bibcode:2011Sci...333..216M. DOI:10.1126/science.1206360. PMC:3402160. PMID:21737739. Science.1206360.
Anderson, R.؛ May, R. (أكتوبر 1982). "Coevolution of hosts and parasites". Parasitology. ج. 85 ع. 2: 411–426. DOI:10.1017/S0031182000055360. PMID:6755367.
Rothstein، S.I (1990). "A model system for coevolution: avian brood parasitism". Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics. ج. 21: 481–508. DOI:10.1146/annurev.ecolsys.21.1.481.
Herrmann، M.؛ Cahan، S. H. (29 أكتوبر 2014). "Inter-genomic sexual conflict drives antagonistic coevolution in harvester ants". Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. ج. 281 ع. 1797: 20141771. DOI:10.1098/rspb.2014.1771. PMC:4240986. PMID:25355474.
Ehrlich، Paul R.؛ Raven، Peter H. (1964). "Butterflies and Plants: A Study in Coevolution". Evolution. ج. 18 ع. 4: 586–608. DOI:10.2307/2406212. JSTOR:2406212. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2022-03-10.
Parker، G. A. (2006). "Sexual conflict over mating and fertilization: An overview". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. ج. 361 ع. 1466: 235–59. DOI:10.1098/rstb.2005.1785. PMC:1569603. PMID:16612884.
Connell، Joseph H. (أكتوبر 1980). "Diversity and the Coevolution of Competitors, or the Ghost of Competition Past". Oikos. ج. 35 ع. 2: 131–138. DOI:10.2307/3544421. JSTOR:3544421. S2CID:5576868.
Rader، Romina؛ Bartomeus، Ignasi؛ وآخرون (2016). "Non-bee insects are important contributors to global crop pollination". PNAS. ج. 113 ع. 1: 146–151. Bibcode:2016PNAS..113..146R. DOI:10.1073/pnas.1517092112. PMC:4711867. PMID:26621730.
Potter، Mitchell A.؛ De Jong، Kenneth A. (2000). "Cooperative Coevolution: An Architecture for Evolving Coadapted Subcomponents". Evolutionary Computation. ج. 8 ع. 1: 1–29. CiteSeerX:10.1.1.134.2926. DOI:10.1162/106365600568086. PMID:10753229. S2CID:10265380.
Hillis, W.D. (1990)، "Co-evolving parasites improve simulated evolution as an optimization procedure"، Physica D: Nonlinear Phenomena، ج. 42، ص. 228–234، Bibcode:1990PhyD...42..228H، DOI:10.1016/0167-2789(90)90076-2
Farmer، Graham (2017). "From Differentiation to Concretisation: Integrative Experiments in Sustainable Architecture". Societies. ج. 3 ع. 35: 18. DOI:10.3390/soc7040035.
Gnedin، Oleg Y.؛ وآخرون (2014). "Co-Evolution of Galactic Nuclei and Globular Cluster Systems". The Astrophysical Journal. ج. 785 ع. 1: 71. arXiv:1308.0021. Bibcode:2014ApJ...785...71G. DOI:10.1088/0004-637X/785/1/71. S2CID:118660328.
Abatecola، Gianpaolo؛ Breslin، Dermot؛ Kask، Johan (2020). "Do organizations really co-evolve? Problematizing co-evolutionary change in management and organization studies". Technological Forecasting and Social Change. ج. 155: 119964. DOI:10.1016/j.techfore.2020.119964. ISSN:0040-1625.
Theo D'Hondt, Kris De Volder, Kim Mens and Roel Wuyts, Co-Evolution of Object-Oriented Software Design and Implementation, TheKluwer International Series in Engineering and Computer Science, 2002, Volume 648, Part 2, 207–224 دُوِي:10.1007/978-1-4615-0883-0_7
Cherns، A. (1976). "The principles of sociotechnical design". Human Relations. ج. 29 ع. 8: 8. DOI:10.1177/001872677602900806.

ed.ac.uk

era.lib.ed.ac.uk

Woolhouse، M. E. J.؛ Webster، J. P.؛ Domingo، E.؛ Charlesworth، B.؛ Levin، B. R. (ديسمبر 2002). "Biological and biomedical implications of the coevolution of pathogens and their hosts" (PDF). Nature Genetics. ج. 32 ع. 4: 569–77. DOI:10.1038/ng1202-569. hdl:1842/689. PMID:12457190. S2CID:33145462. مؤرشف من الأصل (PDF) في 2012-03-02.

eol.org

editors.eol.org

Hogan, C. Michael (2010). "Virus". في Cutler Cleveland؛ Sidney Draggan (المحررون). Encyclopedia of Earth. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2020-11-07.

fna.org

Hemingway، Claire (2004). "Pollination Partnerships Fact Sheet". Flora of North America: 1–2. مؤرشف من الأصل (PDF) في 2020-12-12. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2011-02-18. Yucca and Yucca Moth

handle.net

hdl.handle.net

Woolhouse، M. E. J.؛ Webster، J. P.؛ Domingo، E.؛ Charlesworth، B.؛ Levin، B. R. (ديسمبر 2002). "Biological and biomedical implications of the coevolution of pathogens and their hosts" (PDF). Nature Genetics. ج. 32 ع. 4: 569–77. DOI:10.1038/ng1202-569. hdl:1842/689. PMID:12457190. S2CID:33145462. مؤرشف من الأصل (PDF) في 2012-03-02.

harvard.edu

ui.adsabs.harvard.edu

Guimarães, Paulo R.; Pires, Mathias M.; Jordano, Pedro; Bascompte, Jordi; Thompson, John N. (Oct 2017). "Indirect effects drive coevolution in mutualistic networks". Nature (بالإنجليزية). 550 (7677): 511–514. Bibcode:2017Natur.550..511G. DOI:10.1038/nature24273. ISSN:1476-4687. PMID:29045396. S2CID:205261069.
Pellmyr، Olle؛ James Leebens-Mack (أغسطس 1999). "Forty million years of mutualism: Evidence for Eocene origin of the yucca-yucca moth association". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. ج. 96 ع. 16: 9178–9183. Bibcode:1999PNAS...96.9178P. DOI:10.1073/pnas.96.16.9178. PMC:17753. PMID:10430916.
Schemske، Douglas W.؛ Bradshaw، H.D. (1999). "Pollinator preference and the evolution of floral traits in monkeyflowers (Mimulus)". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. ج. 96 ع. 21: 11910–11915. Bibcode:1999PNAS...9611910S. DOI:10.1073/pnas.96.21.11910. PMC:18386. PMID:10518550.
Suleman، Nazia؛ Sait، Steve؛ Compton، Stephen G. (2015). "Female figs as traps: Their impact on the dynamics of an experimental fig tree-pollinator-parasitoid community" (PDF). Acta Oecologica. ج. 62: 1–9. Bibcode:2015AcO....62....1S. DOI:10.1016/j.actao.2014.11.001. مؤرشف من الأصل (PDF) في 2021-01-16.
Palmer TM، Doak DF، Stanton ML، Bronstein JL، Kiers ET، Young TP، Goheen JR، Pringle RM (2010). "Synergy of multiple partners, including freeloaders, increases host fitness in a multispecies mutualism". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. ج. 107 ع. 40: 17234–9. Bibcode:2010PNAS..10717234P. DOI:10.1073/pnas.1006872107. PMC:2951420. PMID:20855614.
Rabajante، J.؛ وآخرون (2015). "Red Queen dynamics in multi-host and multi-parasite interaction system". Scientific Reports. ج. 5: 10004. Bibcode:2015NatSR...510004R. DOI:10.1038/srep10004. PMC:4405699. PMID:25899168.
Morran, L.T.؛ Schmidt, O.G.؛ Gelarden, I.A.؛ Parrish, R.C. II؛ Lively, C.M. (8 يوليو 2011). "Running with the Red Queen: Host-Parasite Coevolution Selects for Biparental Sex". Science. ج. 333 ع. 6039: 216–8. Bibcode:2011Sci...333..216M. DOI:10.1126/science.1206360. PMC:3402160. PMID:21737739. Science.1206360.
Rader، Romina؛ Bartomeus، Ignasi؛ وآخرون (2016). "Non-bee insects are important contributors to global crop pollination". PNAS. ج. 113 ع. 1: 146–151. Bibcode:2016PNAS..113..146R. DOI:10.1073/pnas.1517092112. PMC:4711867. PMID:26621730.
Hillis, W.D. (1990)، "Co-evolving parasites improve simulated evolution as an optimization procedure"، Physica D: Nonlinear Phenomena، ج. 42، ص. 228–234، Bibcode:1990PhyD...42..228H، DOI:10.1016/0167-2789(90)90076-2
Gnedin، Oleg Y.؛ وآخرون (2014). "Co-Evolution of Galactic Nuclei and Globular Cluster Systems". The Astrophysical Journal. ج. 785 ع. 1: 71. arXiv:1308.0021. Bibcode:2014ApJ...785...71G. DOI:10.1088/0004-637X/785/1/71. S2CID:118660328.

henrikvaleur.dk

"Henrik Valeur's biography". مؤرشف من الأصل في 2021-03-04. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2015-08-29.

jstor.org

Brown James H.؛ Kodric-Brown Astrid (1979). "Convergence, Competition, and Mimicry in a Temperate Community of Hummingbird-Pollinated Flowers". Ecology. ج. 60 ع. 5: 1022–1035. DOI:10.2307/1936870. JSTOR:1936870. S2CID:53604204.
Stiles, F. Gary (1981). "Geographical Aspects of Bird Flower Coevolution, with Particular Reference to Central America". Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden. ج. 68 ع. 2: 323–351. DOI:10.2307/2398801. JSTOR:2398801. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2021-05-31.
Mintzer، Alex؛ Vinson, S.B. (1985). "Kinship and incompatibility between colonies of the acacia ant Pseudomyrex ferruginea". Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology. ج. 17 ع. 1: 75–78. DOI:10.1007/bf00299432. JSTOR:4599807. S2CID:9538185.
Ehrlich، Paul R.؛ Raven، Peter H. (1964). "Butterflies and Plants: A Study in Coevolution". Evolution. ج. 18 ع. 4: 586–608. DOI:10.2307/2406212. JSTOR:2406212. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2022-03-10.
Connell، Joseph H. (أكتوبر 1980). "Diversity and the Coevolution of Competitors, or the Ghost of Competition Past". Oikos. ج. 35 ع. 2: 131–138. DOI:10.2307/3544421. JSTOR:3544421. S2CID:5576868.
Glasser، Harold (1996). "Development Betrayed: The End of Progress and A Coevolutionary Revisioning of the Future by Richard B. Norgaard". Environmental Values. ج. 5 ع. 3: 267–270. JSTOR:30301478.

karlsims.com

Sims، Karl (1994). "Evolved Virtual Creatures". Karl Sims. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2021-04-15. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2017-01-17.

macmillanlearning.com

Nuismer، Scott (2017). Introduction to Coevolutionary Theory. New York: W.F. Freeman. ص. 395. ISBN:978-1-319-10619-5. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2019-05-02. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2019-05-02.

movingcities.org

"An interview with Henrik Valeur". Movingcities. 17 ديسمبر 2007. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2019-05-02. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2015-10-17.

nationalgeographic.com

video.nationalgeographic.com

National Geographic. "Acacia Ant Video". مؤرشف من الأصل في 2007-11-07.

necsi.edu

"Predator-Prey Relationships". New England Complex Systems Institute. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2020-11-27. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2017-01-17.

nih.gov

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Guimarães, Paulo R.; Pires, Mathias M.; Jordano, Pedro; Bascompte, Jordi; Thompson, John N. (Oct 2017). "Indirect effects drive coevolution in mutualistic networks". Nature (بالإنجليزية). 550 (7677): 511–514. Bibcode:2017Natur.550..511G. DOI:10.1038/nature24273. ISSN:1476-4687. PMID:29045396. S2CID:205261069.
Cardinal، Sophie؛ Danforth، Bryan N. (2013). "Bees diversified in the age of eudicots". Proceedings of the Royal Society B. ج. 280 ع. 1755: 20122686. DOI:10.1098/rspb.2012.2686. PMC:3574388. PMID:23363629.
Friedman, W. E. (يناير 2009). "The meaning of Darwin's 'abominable mystery'". Am. J. Bot. ج. 96 ع. 1: 5–21. DOI:10.3732/ajb.0800150. PMID:21628174. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2018-01-24.
Pellmyr، Olle؛ James Leebens-Mack (أغسطس 1999). "Forty million years of mutualism: Evidence for Eocene origin of the yucca-yucca moth association". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. ج. 96 ع. 16: 9178–9183. Bibcode:1999PNAS...96.9178P. DOI:10.1073/pnas.96.16.9178. PMC:17753. PMID:10430916.
Kay، Kathleen M.؛ Reeves، Patrick A.؛ Olmstead، Richard G.؛ Schemske، Douglas W. (2005). "Rapid speciation and the evolution of hummingbird pollination in neotropical Costus subgenus Costus (Costaceae): evidence from nrDNA ITS and ETS sequences". American Journal of Botany. ج. 92 ع. 11: 1899–1910. DOI:10.3732/ajb.92.11.1899. PMID:21646107. S2CID:2991957.
Cronk، Quentin؛ Ojeda، Isidro (2008). "Bird-pollinated flowers in an evolutionary and molecular context". Journal of Experimental Botany. ج. 59 ع. 4: 715–727. DOI:10.1093/jxb/ern009. PMID:18326865.
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نزار مصطفى الملاح (د.ت.)، معجم الملاح في مصطلحات علم الحشرات (بالعربية والإنجليزية)، الموصل: جامعة الموصل، ص. 194، QID:Q118929029 {{استشهاد}}: تحقق من التاريخ في: |publication-date= (مساعدة)
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Thompson, John N. (15 أبريل 2013). Relentless evolution. Chicago. ISBN:978-0-226-01861-4. OCLC:808684836.{{استشهاد بكتاب}}: صيانة الاستشهاد: مكان بدون ناشر (link)
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