Brouqui، Philippe (1 يناير 2011). "Arthropod-Borne Diseases Associated with Political and Social Disorder". Annual Review of Entomology. ج. 56 ع. 1: 357–374. DOI:10.1146/annurev-ento-120709-144739. PMID:20822446.
Brouqui، Philippe (1 يناير 2011). "Arthropod-Borne Diseases Associated with Political and Social Disorder". Annual Review of Entomology. ج. 56 ع. 1: 357–374. DOI:10.1146/annurev-ento-120709-144739. PMID:20822446.
At a January 1999 medical conference at the جامعة ميريلاند, Dr. David Durack, consulting professor of medicine at جامعة ديوك notes: "Epidemic typhus fever is the best explanation. It hits hardest in times of war and privation, it has about 20 percent mortality, it kills the victim after about seven days, and it sometimes causes a striking complication: gangrene of the tips of the fingers and toes. The Plague of Athens had all these features." see also: umm.eduنسخة محفوظة 18 يوليو 2008 على موقع واي باك مشين.
At a January 1999 medical conference at the جامعة ميريلاند, Dr. David Durack, consulting professor of medicine at جامعة ديوك notes: "Epidemic typhus fever is the best explanation. It hits hardest in times of war and privation, it has about 20 percent mortality, it kills the victim after about seven days, and it sometimes causes a striking complication: gangrene of the tips of the fingers and toes. The Plague of Athens had all these features." see also: umm.eduنسخة محفوظة 18 يوليو 2008 على موقع واي باك مشين.
