حالة الأكسدة (Arabic Wikipedia)

Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "حالة الأكسدة" in Arabic language version.

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  • All the لانثانيدات (La–Lu) in the +2 oxidation state have been observed (except La, Gd, Lu) in dilute, solid solutions of dihalides of these elements in alkaline earth dihalides (see Holleman, Arnold Frederik; Wiberg, Egon (2001), Wiberg, Nils (ed.), Inorganic Chemistry, translated by Eagleson, Mary; Brewer, William, San Diego/Berlin: Academic Press/De Gruyter, ISBN 0-12-352651-5) and (except Pm) in organometallic molecular complexes, see Lanthanides Topple Assumptions and Meyer, G. (2014). "All the Lanthanides Do It and Even Uranium Does Oxidation State +2". Angewandte Chemie International Edition. 53 (14): 3550–51. doi:10.1002/anie.201311325. PMID 24616202.. Additionally, all the لانثانيدات (La–Lu) form dihydrides (LnH2), dicarbides (LnC2), monosulfides (LnS), monoselenides (LnSe), and monotellurides (LnTe), but for most elements these compounds have Ln3+ ions with electrons delocalized into conduction bands, e. g. Ln3+(H)2(e). نسخة محفوظة 2020-09-27 على موقع واي باك مشين.

archive.org

  • John William؛ Petrucci، Ralph H. (2002). General chemistry : an integrated approach. Upper Saddle River, N.J. : Prentice Hall. ISBN:978-0-13-033445-9. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2020-10-22.
  • Martinie، R. J.؛ Bultema، J. J.؛ Wal، M. N. V.؛ Burkhart، B. J.؛ Griend، D. A. V.؛ DeCock، R. L. (2011). "Bond order and chemical properties of BF, CO, and N2". J. Chem. Educ. ج. 88 ع. 8: 1094–1097. Bibcode:2011JChEd..88.1094M. DOI:10.1021/ed100758t.
  • Petrucci، R. H.؛ Harwood، W. S.؛ Herring، F. G. (2002). General Chemistry (ط. 8th). Prentice-Hall. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2022-10-09.[بحاجة لمُعرِّف الكتاب]
  • Whitten، K. W.؛ Galley، K. D.؛ Davis، R. E. (1992). General Chemistry (ط. 4th). Saunders. ص. 147. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2022-09-30.[بحاجة لمُعرِّف الكتاب]
  • Peterson, J. R.; Hobart, D. E. (1984). "The Chemistry of Berkelium". In Emeléus, Harry Julius (ed.). Advances in inorganic chemistry and radiochemistry. 28. Academic Press. pp. 29–64. doi:10.1016/S0898-8838(08)60204-4. ISBN 978-0-12-023628-2. نسخة محفوظة 2020-09-23 على موقع واي باك مشين.
  • Latimer، W. M. (1938). The Oxidation States of the Elements and their Potentials in Aqueous Solutions (ط. 1st). Prentice-Hall.
  • Pauling، L. (1948). "The modern theory of valency". J. Chem. Soc. ج. 1948: 1461–1467. DOI:10.1039/JR9480001461. PMID:18893624.

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