حرب الثلاثين عاما (Arabic Wikipedia)

Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "حرب الثلاثين عاما" in Arabic language version.

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archive.org

books.google.com

  • Helmolt، Hans Ferdinand (1903). The World's History: Western Europe to 1800. W. Heinemann. ص. 573. ISBN:0-217-96566-0. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2020-02-13. {{استشهاد بكتاب}}: |archive-date= / |archive-url= timestamp mismatch (مساعدة)

britannica.com

germannotes.com

historylearningsite.co.uk

infoplease.com

web.archive.org

wikidata.org

  • Scotland declared war and fought against Spain 1625–30 and France 1627–29, mostly conducting the war at sea. In addition to providing 2000 troops for the campaign against France in 1627, Scottish privateers harried French shipping and captured and occupied Nova Scotia, Cape Breton and Quebec. The Scottish Privy Council also provided warrants for 13,700 troops for Danish service who fought under Scottish flag with a Dannerbrog in the top left corner. These were led initially by the Catholic Robert Maxwell, Earl of Nithsdale and more famously by Donald Mackay  [لغات أخرى]‏ Lord Reay. In 1630, 8000 more Britons, mostly Scots led by James 3rd جيمس هاميلتون الدوق الأول لهاميلتون  [لغات أخرى]‏ landed in Germany under British flag. They wre explicitly called the "British army" and had been raised on warrants issued by the English and Scottish Privy councils for allied service alongside Sweden. They joined an estimated 12,000 Scots already in Swedish service commanded by General Sir James Spens  [لغات أخرى]‏، Alexander Leslie، Patrick Ruthven  [لغات أخرى]‏ and John Hepburn  [لغات أخرى]‏. The latter man led a Scottish brigade in France from 1634-1636 after which it fell under the control of the Douglas family. Throughout the entire period of the war, the Scots maintained a brigade of three regiments in Dutch service. The 1625-1638 period represents the period of greatest engagement, though Scots were active as allies in the anti-Habsburg alliance throughout the whole course of the war

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