Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "طاقة حيوية (كيمياء)" in Arabic language version.
روبرت ك. كرين in 1961 was the first to formulate the نقل نشط concept to explain active transport [7]. Specifically, he proposed that the accumulation of glucose in the intestinal epithelium across the brush border membrane was coupled to downhill Na+ transport cross the brush border. This hypothesis was rapidly tested, refined and extended [to] encompass the active transport of a diverse range of molecules and ions into virtually every cell type.
{{استشهاد بدورية محكمة}}: تحقق من التاريخ في: |تاريخ الوصول= (مساعدة)the insight from this time that remains in all current text books is the notion of روبرت ك. كرين published originally as an appendix to a symposium paper published in 1960 (روبرت ك. كرين et al. 1960). The key point here was 'flux coupling', the نقل نشط of sodium and glucose in the apical membrane of the small intestinal epithelial cell. Half a century later this idea has turned into one of the most studied of all transporter proteins (SGLT1), the sodium–glucose نقل نشطer.
However, in normal individuals, body weight and body fat content are typically quite stable over time2,3 owing to a biological process termed 'energy homeostasis' that matches energy intake to expenditure over long periods of time. The energy homeostasis system comprises neurons in the mediobasal hypothalamus and other brain areas4 that are a part of a neurocircuit that regulates food intake in response to input from humoral signals that circulate at concentrations proportionate to body fat content4-6. ... An emerging concept in the neurobiology of food intake is that neurocircuits exist that are normally inhibited, but when activated in response to emergent or stressful stimuli they can override the homeostatic control of energy balance. Understanding how these circuits interact with the energy homeostasis system is fundamental to understanding the control of food intake and may bear on the pathogenesis of disorders at both ends of the body weight spectrum.
روبرت ك. كرين in 1961 was the first to formulate the نقل نشط concept to explain active transport [7]. Specifically, he proposed that the accumulation of glucose in the intestinal epithelium across the brush border membrane was coupled to downhill Na+ transport cross the brush border. This hypothesis was rapidly tested, refined and extended [to] encompass the active transport of a diverse range of molecules and ions into virtually every cell type.
{{استشهاد بدورية محكمة}}: تحقق من التاريخ في: |تاريخ الوصول= (مساعدة)the insight from this time that remains in all current text books is the notion of روبرت ك. كرين published originally as an appendix to a symposium paper published in 1960 (روبرت ك. كرين et al. 1960). The key point here was 'flux coupling', the نقل نشط of sodium and glucose in the apical membrane of the small intestinal epithelial cell. Half a century later this idea has turned into one of the most studied of all transporter proteins (SGLT1), the sodium–glucose نقل نشطer.
However, in normal individuals, body weight and body fat content are typically quite stable over time2,3 owing to a biological process termed 'energy homeostasis' that matches energy intake to expenditure over long periods of time. The energy homeostasis system comprises neurons in the mediobasal hypothalamus and other brain areas4 that are a part of a neurocircuit that regulates food intake in response to input from humoral signals that circulate at concentrations proportionate to body fat content4-6. ... An emerging concept in the neurobiology of food intake is that neurocircuits exist that are normally inhibited, but when activated in response to emergent or stressful stimuli they can override the homeostatic control of energy balance. Understanding how these circuits interact with the energy homeostasis system is fundamental to understanding the control of food intake and may bear on the pathogenesis of disorders at both ends of the body weight spectrum.
However, in normal individuals, body weight and body fat content are typically quite stable over time2,3 owing to a biological process termed 'energy homeostasis' that matches energy intake to expenditure over long periods of time. The energy homeostasis system comprises neurons in the mediobasal hypothalamus and other brain areas4 that are a part of a neurocircuit that regulates food intake in response to input from humoral signals that circulate at concentrations proportionate to body fat content4-6. ... An emerging concept in the neurobiology of food intake is that neurocircuits exist that are normally inhibited, but when activated in response to emergent or stressful stimuli they can override the homeostatic control of energy balance. Understanding how these circuits interact with the energy homeostasis system is fundamental to understanding the control of food intake and may bear on the pathogenesis of disorders at both ends of the body weight spectrum.
روبرت ك. كرين in 1961 was the first to formulate the نقل نشط concept to explain active transport [7]. Specifically, he proposed that the accumulation of glucose in the intestinal epithelium across the brush border membrane was coupled to downhill Na+ transport cross the brush border. This hypothesis was rapidly tested, refined and extended [to] encompass the active transport of a diverse range of molecules and ions into virtually every cell type.
{{استشهاد بدورية محكمة}}: تحقق من التاريخ في: |تاريخ الوصول= (مساعدة)روبرت ك. كرين in 1961 was the first to formulate the نقل نشط concept to explain active transport [7]. Specifically, he proposed that the accumulation of glucose in the intestinal epithelium across the brush border membrane was coupled to downhill Na+ transport cross the brush border. This hypothesis was rapidly tested, refined and extended [to] encompass the active transport of a diverse range of molecules and ions into virtually every cell type.
{{استشهاد بدورية محكمة}}: تحقق من التاريخ في: |تاريخ الوصول= (مساعدة)the insight from this time that remains in all current text books is the notion of روبرت ك. كرين published originally as an appendix to a symposium paper published in 1960 (روبرت ك. كرين et al. 1960). The key point here was 'flux coupling', the نقل نشط of sodium and glucose in the apical membrane of the small intestinal epithelial cell. Half a century later this idea has turned into one of the most studied of all transporter proteins (SGLT1), the sodium–glucose نقل نشطer.
the insight from this time that remains in all current text books is the notion of روبرت ك. كرين published originally as an appendix to a symposium paper published in 1960 (روبرت ك. كرين et al. 1960). The key point here was 'flux coupling', the نقل نشط of sodium and glucose in the apical membrane of the small intestinal epithelial cell. Half a century later this idea has turned into one of the most studied of all transporter proteins (SGLT1), the sodium–glucose نقل نشطer.