Lahaye, R.؛ Civeyrel، L.؛ Speck، T.؛ Rowe، N. P. (2005). "Evolution of shrub-like growth forms in the lianoid subfamily Secamonoideae (Apocynaceae s.l.) of Madagascar: phylogeny, biomechanics, and development". American Journal of Botany. ج. 92 ع. 8: 1381–96. DOI:10.3732/ajb.92.8.1381. PMID:21646158.
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Lahaye, R.؛ Civeyrel، L.؛ Speck، T.؛ Rowe، N. P. (2005). "Evolution of shrub-like growth forms in the lianoid subfamily Secamonoideae (Apocynaceae s.l.) of Madagascar: phylogeny, biomechanics, and development". American Journal of Botany. ج. 92 ع. 8: 1381–96. DOI:10.3732/ajb.92.8.1381. PMID:21646158.