فرضية التدهور العثماني (Arabic Wikipedia)

Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "فرضية التدهور العثماني" in Arabic language version.

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  • Hathaway، Jane (2008). The Arab Lands under Ottoman Rule, 1516–1800. Pearson Education Ltd. ص. 7–8. ISBN:978-0-582-41899-8. One of the most momentous changes to have occurred in Ottoman studies since the publication of Egypt and the Fertile Crescent [1966] is the deconstruction of the so-called 'Ottoman decline thesis' – that is, the notion that toward the end of the sixteenth century, following the reign of Sultan Suleyman I (1520–66), the empire entered a lengthy decline from which it never truly recovered, despite heroic attempts at westernizing reforms in the nineteenth century. Over the last twenty years or so, as Chapter 4 will point out, historians of the Ottoman Empire have rejected the narrative of decline in favor of one of crisis and adaptation
    • Kunt، Metin (1995). "Introduction to Part I". في Kunt، Metin؛ Christine Woodhead (المحررون). Süleyman the Magnificent and His Age: the Ottoman Empire in the Early Modern World. London and New York: Longman. ص. 37–38. students of Ottoman history have learned better than to discuss a "decline" which supposedly began during the reigns of Süleyman's "ineffectual" successors and then continued for centuries.{{استشهاد بكتاب}}: صيانة الاستشهاد: التاريخ والسنة (link)
    • Hathaway، Jane (2008). The Arab Lands under Ottoman Rule, 1516–1800. Pearson Education Ltd. ص. 7–8. ISBN:978-0-582-41899-8. One of the most momentous changes to have occurred in Ottoman studies since the publication of Egypt and the Fertile Crescent [1966] is the deconstruction of the so-called 'Ottoman decline thesis' – that is, the notion that toward the end of the sixteenth century, following the reign of Sultan Suleyman I (1520–66), the empire entered a lengthy decline from which it never truly recovered, despite heroic attempts at westernizing reforms in the nineteenth century. Over the last twenty years or so, as Chapter 4 will point out, historians of the Ottoman Empire have rejected the narrative of decline in favor of one of crisis and adaptation
      • Kunt، Metin (1995). "Introduction to Part I". في Kunt، Metin؛ Christine Woodhead (المحررون). Süleyman the Magnificent and His Age: the Ottoman Empire in the Early Modern World. London and New York: Longman. ص. 37–38. students of Ottoman history have learned better than to discuss a "decline" which supposedly began during the reigns of Süleyman's "ineffectual" successors and then continued for centuries.{{استشهاد بكتاب}}: صيانة الاستشهاد: التاريخ والسنة (link)
      • Hathaway، Jane (2008). The Arab Lands under Ottoman Rule, 1516–1800. Pearson Education Ltd. ص. 7–8. ISBN:978-0-582-41899-8. One of the most momentous changes to have occurred in Ottoman studies since the publication of Egypt and the Fertile Crescent [1966] is the deconstruction of the so-called 'Ottoman decline thesis' – that is, the notion that toward the end of the sixteenth century, following the reign of Sultan Suleyman I (1520–66), the empire entered a lengthy decline from which it never truly recovered, despite heroic attempts at westernizing reforms in the nineteenth century. Over the last twenty years or so, as Chapter 4 will point out, historians of the Ottoman Empire have rejected the narrative of decline in favor of one of crisis and adaptation