D. L. Hoffmann؛ C. D. Standish؛ M. García-Diez؛ P. B. Pettitt؛ J. A. Milton؛ J. Zilhão؛ J. J. Alcolea-González؛ P. Cantalejo-Duarte؛ H. Collado؛ R. de Balbín؛ M. Lorblanchet؛ J. Ramos-Muñoz؛ G.-Ch. Weniger؛ A. W. G. Pike (2018). "U-Th dating of carbonate crusts reveals Neandertal origin of Iberian cave art". Science. ج. 359 ع. 6378: 912–915. DOI:10.1126/science.aap7778. PMID:29472483. "we present dating results for three sites in Spain that show that cave art emerged in Iberia substantially earlier than previously thought. Uranium-thorium (U-Th) dates on carbonate crusts overlying paintings provide minimum ages for a red linear motif in La Pasiega (Cantabria), a hand stencil in Maltravieso (Extremadura), and red-painted speleothems in Ardales (Andalucía). Collectively, these results show that cave art in Iberia is older than 64.8 thousand years (ka). This cave art is the earliest dated so far and predates, by at least 20 ka, the arrival of modern humans in Europe, which implies Neandertal authorship."
Vanhaeren، Marian؛ d'Errico، Francesco (يونيو 2005). "Grave goods from the Saint-Germain-la-Rivière burial: Evidence for social inequality in the Upper Palaeolithic". Journal of Anthropological Archaeology. ج. 24 ع. 2: 117–134. DOI:10.1016/j.jaa.2005.01.001.
D. L. Hoffmann؛ C. D. Standish؛ M. García-Diez؛ P. B. Pettitt؛ J. A. Milton؛ J. Zilhão؛ J. J. Alcolea-González؛ P. Cantalejo-Duarte؛ H. Collado؛ R. de Balbín؛ M. Lorblanchet؛ J. Ramos-Muñoz؛ G.-Ch. Weniger؛ A. W. G. Pike (2018). "U-Th dating of carbonate crusts reveals Neandertal origin of Iberian cave art". Science. ج. 359 ع. 6378: 912–915. DOI:10.1126/science.aap7778. PMID:29472483. "we present dating results for three sites in Spain that show that cave art emerged in Iberia substantially earlier than previously thought. Uranium-thorium (U-Th) dates on carbonate crusts overlying paintings provide minimum ages for a red linear motif in La Pasiega (Cantabria), a hand stencil in Maltravieso (Extremadura), and red-painted speleothems in Ardales (Andalucía). Collectively, these results show that cave art in Iberia is older than 64.8 thousand years (ka). This cave art is the earliest dated so far and predates, by at least 20 ka, the arrival of modern humans in Europe, which implies Neandertal authorship."
The term is attributed to بيورن كورتن[الإنجليزية]: "as we look at Ice Age art, there will always remain an element of mystery and elusive" (B. S. John, The ice age: past and present, 1977, p. 220).
