قضية عالمية (Arabic Wikipedia)

Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "قضية عالمية" in Arabic language version.

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archive.org

  • Bhargava، Vinay (2006). Global issues for global citizens : an introduction to key development challenges. Washington, D.C.: World Bank. ISBN:9780821367315. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2020-01-06. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2017-01-08.
  • Hawksworth, David L.؛ Bull, Alan T. (2008). Biodiversity and Conservation in Europe. Springer. ص. 3390. ISBN:978-1402068645. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2020-08-19.

arxiv.org

biologicaldiversity.org

books.google.com

climate.gov

  • "What's the difference between global warming and climate change?". NOAA Climate.gov. 17 يونيو 2015. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2018-07-26. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2018-10-15. Global warming refers only to the Earth's rising surface temperature, while climate change includes warming and the 'side effects' of warming—like melting glaciers, heavier rainstorms, or more frequent drought. Said another way, global warming is one symptom of the much larger problem of human-caused climate change.

cnn.com

doi.org

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archive.ipcc.ch

  • Stocker، T.F.؛ Qin، D.؛ Plattner، G.-K.؛ Tignor، M.؛ Allen، S.K.؛ Boschung، J.؛ Nauels، A.؛ Xia، Y.؛ Bex، V.؛ Midgley، P.M. (2013). "The Physical Science Basis – Summary for Policymakers" (PDF). IPCC WGI AR5 (Report). ص. 4. Warming of the climate system is unequivocal, and since the 1950s, many of the observed changes are unprecedented over decades to millennia. The atmosphere and ocean have warmed, the amounts of snow and ice have diminished, sea level has risen, and the concentrations of greenhouse gases have increased.
  • Mach، Katharine J.؛ Serge، Planton؛ von Stechow، Christoph (2014). "Annex II Glossary" (PDF). IPCC SYR AR5 (Report). ص. 124. Global warming refers to the gradual increase, observed or projected, in global surface temperature, as one of the consequences of radiative forcing caused by anthropogenic emissions. {WGIII}
  • Masson-Delmotte، Valérie؛ Schulz، Michael (2013). "5: Information from Paleoclimate Archives" (PDF). IPCC WGI AR5 (Report). ص. 389, 399–400. The PETM [around 55.5–55.3 million years ago] was marked by ... global warming of 4 °C to 7 °C ..... Deglacial global warming occurred in two main steps from 17.5 to 14.5 ka [thousand years ago] and 13.0 to 10.0 ka.
  • Mach، Katharine J.؛ Serge، Planton؛ von Stechow، Christoph (2014). "Annex II Glossary" (PDF). IPCC SYR AR5 (Report). ص. 120. Climate change refers to a change in the state of the climate that can be identified (e.g., by using statistical tests) by changes in the mean and/or the variability of its properties and that persists for an extended period, typically decades or longer. Climate change may be due to natural internal processes or external forcings such as modulations of the solar cycles, volcanic eruptions and persistent anthropogenic changes in the composition of the atmosphere or in land use. .... {WGI, II, III}
  • Field، Christopher B.؛ Barros، Vicente R.؛ Mach، Katharine J.؛ Mastrandrea، Michael D.؛ وآخرون. "IPCC, Climate Change 2014: Impacts, Adaptation, and Vulnerability – Technical Summary" (PDF). Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. ص. 44–46. مؤرشف من الأصل (PDF) في 2019-12-19.
  • Solomon et al., Technical Summary, Section TS.5.3: Regional-Scale Projections, in IPCC AR4 WG1 2007. "نسخة مؤرشفة". مؤرشف من الأصل في 2019-12-19. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2020-01-06.{{استشهاد ويب}}: صيانة الاستشهاد: BOT: original URL status unknown (link)

mckinsey.com

nasa.gov

climate.nasa.gov

  • Shaftel، Holly (يناير 2016). "What's in a name? Weather, global warming and climate change". NASA Climate Change: Vital Signs of the Planet. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2018-09-28. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2018-10-12. 'Climate change' and 'global warming' are often used interchangeably but have distinct meanings. .... Global warming refers to the upward temperature trend across the entire Earth since the early 20th century .... Climate change refers to a broad range of global phenomena ...[which] include the increased temperature trends described by global warming

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