كردستان العراق (Arabic Wikipedia)

Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "كردستان العراق" in Arabic language version.

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al-aalem.com (Global: low place; Arabic: 6,070^th place)

العالم الجديد، 2024. نتائج تعداد سكان كردستان.. هل تتسبب بأزمة بين بغداد وأربيل؟ 28 تشرين الثاني 2024. تاريخ الولوج 18 كانون الثاني 2025. نسخة محفوظة 2024-12-08 على موقع واي باك مشين.

alarabiya.net (Global: 598^th place; Arabic: 21^st place)

english.alarabiya.net

"Archived copy". مؤرشف من الأصل في 2014-05-08. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2013-06-23.{{استشهاد ويب}}: صيانة الاستشهاد: الأرشيف كعنوان (link)

aljazeera.com (Global: 268^th place; Arabic: 180^th place)

america.aljazeera.com

"Kurds in Iraq to make their strongest push for independence yet | Al Jazeera America". America.aljazeera.com. 15 يوليو 2014. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2023-12-15. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2015-09-21.

alquds.co.uk (Global: 6,492^nd place; Arabic: 164^th place)

القدس العربي، 2024. نتائج التعداد في العراق: عدد السكان أكثر من 45 مليوناً. 25 تشرين الثاني 2024. تاريخ الولوج 18 كانون الثاني 2025.

alsumaria.tv (Global: low place; Arabic: 388^th place)

قناة السومرية، 2024. إقليم كردستان يعلن نتائج التعداد السكاني. 25 تشرين الثاني 2024. تاريخ الولوج 18 كانون الثاني 2025. نسخة محفوظة 2024-11-26 على موقع واي باك مشين.

arabcenterdc.org (Global: low place; Arabic: low place)

Kharroub, Tamara. "The Quiet Kurdish Rivalry over Iraq's Presidency". Arab Center Washington DC (بالإنجليزية الأمريكية). Archived from the original on 2022-07-05. Retrieved 2022-05-25.

archive.org (Global: 6^th place; Arabic: 3^rd place)

Bengio، Ofra (2014). Kurdish Awakening: Nation Building in a Fragmented Homeland. University of Texas Press. ص. 2. Hence the terms: rojhalat (east, Iran), bashur (south, Iraq), bakur (north, Turkey), and rojava (west, Syria).
Jason Dittmer, Jo Sharp (2014). Geopolitics: An Introductory Reader.
Barton، George Aaron (1902). A sketch of Semitic origins: social and religious. The Macmillan Company. ص. 262. ishtar shrine arbela.
Frye, Richard Nelson (1984). (1984). The History of Ancient Iran. C.H.Beck. ص. 222. ISBN:978-3-406-09397-5.{{استشهاد بكتاب}}: صيانة الاستشهاد: أسماء عددية: قائمة المؤلفين (link)
O'Ballance، Edgar (1973). The Kurdish Revolt, 1961–1970. Hamden: Archon Books. ISBN:0-208-01395-4.
Pollack، Kenneth M. (2002). Arabs at War. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press. ISBN:0-8032-3733-2.
Byers، Michael (2005). War Law: Understanding International Law and Armed Conflict. Douglas & McIntyre. ص. 41. ISBN:978-1-55365-151-2.
David McDowall (2004). A modern history of the Kurds (ط. 3rd). I.B. Tauris. ص. 357. ISBN:9781850434160.

archive.today (Global: 14^th place; Arabic: 41^st place)

McLEARY، PAUL (20 نوفمبر 2014). "House Republican Wants To Work Around Baghdad, Arm the Kurds". www.defensenews.com. Gannett. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2014-11-20. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2014-11-20.

bbc.co.uk (Global: 8^th place; Arabic: 10^th place)

news.bbc.co.uk

"BBC ON THIS DAY | 16 | 1988: Thousands die in Halabja gas attack". BBC News. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2018-02-10. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2013-08-28.
"Kurds look back with fear". BBC News. 22 يوليو 2002. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2013-09-11. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2013-08-28.

bbc.co.uk

Arun، Neil (1 يناير 1970). "BBC News – Iraq conflict: Why Irbil matters". Bbc.co.uk. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2014-08-09. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2014-08-09.

books.google.com (Global: 3^rd place; Arabic: 8^th place)

Khalil, Fadel (1992). Kurden heute (بالألمانية). Europaverlag. pp. 5, 18–19. ISBN:3-203-51097-9. Archived from the original on 2022-09-23.
Liverani, Mario (1993). Akkad: The First World Empire: Structure, Ideology, Traditions (بالإنجليزية). Sargon. p. 139. ISBN:978-88-11-20468-8. Archived from the original on 2023-07-03. Retrieved 2021-05-04.
Liverani, Mario (1993). Akkad: The First World Empire: Structure, Ideology, Traditions (بالإنجليزية). Sargon. p. 139. ISBN:978-88-11-20468-8. Archived from the original on 2023-07-03. Retrieved 2021-05-04.
Potts, D. T. (2020). The Oxford History of the Ancient Near East: Volume I: from the Beginnings to Old Kingdom Egypt and the Dynasty of Akkad (بالإنجليزية). Oxford University Press. p. 731. ISBN:978-0-19-068785-4. Archived from the original on 2023-07-03. Retrieved 2021-05-04.
Cotsen, Lloyd E. (1998). Urkesh and the Hurrians: Studies in Honor of Lloyd Cotsen (بالإنجليزية). Undena Publications. pp. 91–2. ISBN:978-0-89003-501-6. Archived from the original on 2023-07-03. Retrieved 2021-05-04.
Heimpel, Wolfgang (2003). Letters to the King of Mari: A New Translation, with Historical Introduction, Notes, and Commentary (بالإنجليزية). Eisenbrauns. pp. xx, 48. ISBN:978-1-57506-080-4. Archived from the original on 2023-07-03. Retrieved 2021-05-04.
Michael C. Astour (1987). History of Ebla, in " Eblaitica: Essays on the Ebla Archives and Eblaite Language" (بالإنجليزية). Eisenbrauns. p. 169. ISBN:978-1-57506-060-6. Archived from the original on 2023-07-03. Retrieved 2021-05-04. Kurda was one of the five most influential states in Upper Mesopotamia.
Altorientalische Forschungen (بالألمانية). Akademie-Verlag. 2001. p. 94. Archived from the original on 2023-07-03. Retrieved 2021-05-04. Kurda must have fallen into the hands of Šamši - Adad around the time that he took Šubat - Enlil , hence around 20 - 25 years before the end of his reign and the advent of Zimri - Lim .
Caubet, Annie; Pouyssegur, Patrick (1998). The Ancient Near East: The Origins of Civilization (بالإنجليزية). Terrail. p. 97. ISBN:978-2-87939-152-6. Archived from the original on 2023-07-03. Retrieved 2021-05-04.
Liverani, Mario (4 Dec 2013). The Ancient Near East: History, Society and Economy (بالإنجليزية). Routledge. p. 226. ISBN:978-1-134-75091-7. Archived from the original on 2023-07-03. Retrieved 2021-05-04.
Mieroop, Marc Van De (3 Aug 2015). A History of the Ancient Near East, ca. 3000-323 BC (بالإنجليزية). John Wiley & Sons. p. x. ISBN:978-1-118-71816-2. Archived from the original on 2023-07-03. Retrieved 2021-05-04.
Mieroop, Marc Van De (30 Apr 2008). King Hammurabi of Babylon: A Biography (بالإنجليزية). John Wiley & Sons. p. 51. ISBN:978-0-470-69534-0. Archived from the original on 2023-07-03. Retrieved 2021-05-04. King of Elam to King of Kurda: Keep Subartu under your control and don't give troops to the prince of Babylon. Send a message to Zimri-Lim of Mari that also he should give none to the prince of Babylon
Gordon, Cyrus Herzl; Rendsburg, Gary; Winter, Nathan H. (1 Jan 1987). Eblaitica (بالإنجليزية). Eisenbrauns. p. 98. ISBN:978-1-57506-060-6. Archived from the original on 2023-07-03. Retrieved 2021-05-04. for the Old Babylonian kings, Subartu is neither Assyria nor Ekallatum but the agglomeration of the little city-kingdoms in northern Mesopotamia
Düring, Bleda S. (30 Jan 2020). The Imperialisation of Assyria: An Archaeological Approach (بالإنجليزية). Cambridge University Press. p. 41. ISBN:978-1-108-47874-8. Archived from the original on 2023-07-03. Retrieved 2021-05-04. Between 1500 and 1200 BCE Assyria successfully transformed from a relatively insignificant small city state into one of the great powers of the Amarna Age
Bryce, Trevor (2009). The Routledge Handbook of the Peoples and Places of Ancient Western Asia: From the Early Bronze Age to the Fall of the Persian Empire (بالإنجليزية). Taylor & Francis. pp. 60, 67. ISBN:978-0-415-39485-7. Archived from the original on 2023-07-03. Retrieved 2021-05-04. Early in 1st millennium ,the city, now called Arbela (Assyrian Arbail) became part of the Neo-Assyrian Empire. p.60. and "Arrapha was incorporated into Assyria after the destruction of Mitanni. p.67
Bang, Peter Fibiger; Scheidel, Walter (31 Jan 2013). The Oxford Handbook of the State in the Ancient Near East and Mediterranean (بالإنجليزية). OUP USA. p. 138. ISBN:978-0-19-518831-8. Archived from the original on 2023-07-03. Retrieved 2021-05-04. during 1360-1100 BCE Assyria rose to power and transitioned from a city state to empire
Tinney, Steve; Sonik, Karen (17 May 2019). Journey to the City: A Companion to the Middle East Galleries at the Penn Museum (بالإنجليزية). University of Pennsylvania Press. p. 251. ISBN:978-1-931707-14-5. Archived from the original on 2023-07-03. Retrieved 2021-05-04.
Bang, Peter Fibiger; Bayly, C. A.; Bayly, Vere Harmsworth Professor of Imperial and Naval History C. A.; Scheidel, Professor of Classics and by Courtesy History Walter; Scheidel, Walter (16 Dec 2020). The Oxford World History of Empire: Volume Two: the History of Empires (بالإنجليزية). Oxford University Press. pp. 82–3. ISBN:978-0-19-753276-8. Archived from the original on 2023-07-03. Retrieved 2021-05-04.
Bonatz, Dominik (1 Apr 2014). The Archaeology of Political Spaces: The Upper Mesopotamian Piedmont in the Second Millennium BCE (بالإنجليزية). Walter de Gruyter. pp. 73–4. ISBN:978-3-11-026640-5. Archived from the original on 2023-07-03. Retrieved 2021-05-04.
SMEA (بالإيطالية). Edizioni dell'Ateneo & Bizzari. 1984. Archived from the original on 2023-07-03. Retrieved 2021-05-04.
Postgate, Nicholas (13 Jan 2014). Bronze Age Bureaucracy: Writing and the Practice of Government in Assyria (بالإنجليزية). Cambridge University Press. p. 98. ISBN:978-1-107-51327-3. Archived from the original on 2023-07-03. Retrieved 2021-05-04.
Lacheman, Ernest René (1981). In Honor of Ernest R. Lacheman on His Seventy-fifth Birthday, April 29, 1981 (بالإنجليزية). Eisenbrauns. p. 11. ISBN:978-0-931464-08-9. Archived from the original on 2023-07-03. Retrieved 2021-05-04.
Chahin, M. (2001). The Kingdom of Armenia: A History (بالإنجليزية). Psychology Press. p. 90. ISBN:978-0-7007-1452-0. Archived from the original on 2023-07-03. Retrieved 2021-05-04.
Dandamaev, M. A. (1989). A Political History of the Achaemenid Empire (بالإنجليزية). BRILL. p. 43. ISBN:978-90-04-09172-6. Archived from the original on 2023-07-03. Retrieved 2021-05-04.
Joseph, John (2000). The Modern Assyrians of the Middle East: A History of Their Encounter with Western Christian Missions, Archaeologists, and Colonial Powers (بالإنجليزية). BRILL. p. 8. ISBN:978-90-04-11641-2. Archived from the original on 2023-07-03. Retrieved 2021-05-04.
Mclachlan, Keith (10 Nov 2016). The Boundaries of Modern Iran (بالإنجليزية). Routledge. ISBN:978-1-315-39936-2. Archived from the original on 2023-07-03. Retrieved 2021-05-04.
Marciak, Michał (17 Jul 2017). Sophene, Gordyene, and Adiabene: Three Regna Minora of Northern Mesopotamia Between East and West (بالإنجليزية). BRILL. pp. 278–81. ISBN:978-90-04-35072-4. Archived from the original on 2023-07-03. Retrieved 2021-05-04.
Encyclopaedia Iranica (بالإنجليزية). Routledge & Kegan Paul. 1985. p. 459. ISBN:978-0-7100-9090-4. Archived from the original on 2023-07-03. Retrieved 2021-05-04.
Crone, Patricia (28 Jun 2012). The Nativist Prophets of Early Islamic Iran: Rural Revolt and Local Zoroastrianism (بالإنجليزية). Cambridge University Press. p. 63. ISBN:978-1-139-51076-9. Archived from the original on 2023-07-03. Retrieved 2021-05-04.
Daviau, P. M. Michèle; Weigl, Michael; Wevers, John W. (1 Jun 2001). The World of the Aramaeans: Studies in Honour of Paul-Eugène Dion, Volume 3 (بالإنجليزية). A&C Black. p. 171. ISBN:978-0-567-63737-6. Archived from the original on 2023-07-03. Retrieved 2021-05-04.
Houtsma, M. Th (1993). E. J. Brill's First Encyclopaedia of Islam, 1913-1936 (بالإنجليزية). BRILL. p. 1136. ISBN:978-90-04-09790-2. Archived from the original on 2023-07-03. Retrieved 2021-05-04.
Morony, Michael G. (2005). Iraq After the Muslim Conquest (بالإنجليزية). Gorgias Press. p. 264. ISBN:978-1-59333-315-7. Archived from the original on 2023-07-03. Retrieved 2021-05-04.
Alexander Mikaberidze (22 يوليو 2011). Conflict and Conquest in the Islamic World: A Historical Encyclopedia [2 volumes]: A Historical Encyclopedia. ABC-CLIO. ص. 861–. ISBN:978-1-59884-337-8. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2017-03-28.
Saedi، Michael J. Kelly (2008). Ghosts of Halabja: Saddam Hussein and the Kurdish genocide. Westport, Conn.: Praeger Security International. ص. 18. ISBN:978-0-275-99210-1. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2016-01-07. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2015-10-12.
Hassanpour, Amir (1992). Nationalism and Language in Kurdistan, 1918-1985 (بالإنجليزية). Mellen Research University Press. p. 119. ISBN:0-7734-9816-8. Archived from the original on 2023-07-03. Retrieved 2021-05-04.
F. Gregory Gause, III (19 نوفمبر 2009). The International Relations of the Persian Gulf. Cambridge University Press. ص. 36–37. ISBN:9781107469167. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2023-04-16. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2013-12-26.

brillonline.com (Global: 1,199^th place; Arabic: 527^th place)

referenceworks.brillonline.com

Bois, Th; Minorsky, V.; MacKenzie, D. N. (24 Apr 2012). "Kurds, Kurdistān". Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition (بالإنجليزية). Brill. Archived from the original on 2023-03-26. At present, the different provinces of Kurdistān cover around 190,000 km2 in Turkey, 125,000 km2 in Iran, 65,000 km2 in Irāḳ, and 12,000 km2 in Syria. The total area of Kurdistān can then be estimated at approximately 392,000 km2.

brookings.edu (Global: 1,634^th place; Arabic: 1,657^th place)

"Page 9 – The Internally Displaced People of Iraq" (PDF). The Brookings Institution–SAIS Project. مؤرشف من الأصل (PDF) في 2013-05-21. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2012-08-22.

businessinsider.com (Global: 140^th place; Arabic: 276^th place)

Agence France Presse (1 يوليو 2014). "Kurdish Leader: We Will Vote For Independence Soon". Business Insider. مؤرشف من الأصل في 30 أغسطس 2017. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 1 يوليو 2014.
"The tide is finally turning for the Kurds – Especially in Turkey". Business Insider. 3 يوليو 2014. مؤرشف من الأصل في 4 يوليو 2014. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 5 يوليو 2014.

byu.edu (Global: 1,687^th place; Arabic: 1,490^th place)

wwi.lib.byu.edu

"Sykes-Picot Agreement - World War I Document Archive". wwi.lib.byu.edu. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2009-04-26. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2009-09-23.

cambridge.org (Global: 305^th place; Arabic: 299^th place)

Ross, James F. (1970). "Prophecy in Hamath, Israel, and Mari". Harvard Theological Review (بالإنجليزية). 63 (1): 1–28. DOI:10.1017/S0017816000004004. ISSN:1475-4517. S2CID:161096506. Archived from the original on 2021-04-21. Retrieved 2021-04-21. Eshnunna also demanded that Kurda remain neutral and hold on to Subartu.

cia.gov (Global: 89^th place; Arabic: 47^th place)

foia.cia.gov

The Kurdish Minority Problem, p.11, Dec. 1948, ORE 71-48, وكالة المخابرات المركزية "Archived copy". مؤرشف من الأصل في 2012-03-08. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2012-03-15.{{استشهاد ويب}}: صيانة الاستشهاد: الأرشيف كعنوان (link).

climate-data.org (Global: 1,315^th place; Arabic: 745^th place)

en.climate-data.org

"Climate: Arbil – Climate graph, Temperature graph, Climate table". Climate-Data.org. مؤرشف من الأصل في 10 نوفمبر 2013. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 13 أغسطس 2013.
"Weather averages for Amadiya". Climate-Data. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2 فبراير 2017. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 21 يناير 2017.

cnn.com (Global: 28^th place; Arabic: 34^th place)

edition.cnn.com

"Two dead, 10 wounded after Iraqi, Kurdish forces clash in northern Iraq – CNN.com". CNN. 19 نوفمبر 2012. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2012-11-22. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2013-06-23.

dailykos.com (Global: 5,214^th place; Arabic: low place)

Syria and Lebanon are often in the news نسخة محفوظة 12 أكتوبر 2017 على موقع واي باك مشين.

defensenews.com (Global: 1,259^th place; Arabic: 2,673^rd place)

McLEARY، PAUL (20 نوفمبر 2014). "House Republican Wants To Work Around Baghdad, Arm the Kurds". www.defensenews.com. Gannett. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2014-11-20. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2014-11-20.

dlawer.info (Global: low place; Arabic: low place)

en.dlawer.info

"Death Clouds: Saddam Hussein's Chemical War Against the Kurds". Dlawer.info. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2011-07-23. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2010-12-28.

doi.org (Global: 2^nd place; Arabic: 5^th place)

Westenholz، Joan Goodnick (2004). "The Old Akkadian Presence in Nineveh: Fact or Fiction". Iraq. ج. 66: 7–18. DOI:10.2307/4200552. ISSN:0021-0889. JSTOR:4200552.
Ross, James F. (1970). "Prophecy in Hamath, Israel, and Mari". Harvard Theological Review (بالإنجليزية). 63 (1): 1–28. DOI:10.1017/S0017816000004004. ISSN:1475-4517. S2CID:161096506. Archived from the original on 2021-04-21. Retrieved 2021-04-21. Eshnunna also demanded that Kurda remain neutral and hold on to Subartu.
Wills، Lawrence M.، المحرر (14 نوفمبر 2002)، "The Royal Family of Adiabene"، Ancient Jewish Novels: An Anthology، Oxford University Press، ص. 213–226، DOI:10.1093/0195151429.003.0010، ISBN:978-0-19-515142-8
Dahlman، C. (2002). "The Political Geography of Kurdistan". Eurasian Geography and Economics. ج. 43 ع. 4: 271–299 [p. 286]. DOI:10.2747/1538-7216.43.4.271. S2CID:146638619.
Eskander، Saad (2000). "Britain's Policy in Southern Kurdistan: The Formation and Termination of the First Kurdish Government, 1918-1919". British Journal of Middle Eastern Studies. ج. 27 ع. 2: 139–163 [pp. 151, 152, 155, 160]. DOI:10.1080/13530190020000501. S2CID:144862193.
Harris، G. S. (1977). "Ethnic Conflict and the Kurds". Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science. ج. 433 ع. 1: 112–124 [p. 118]. DOI:10.1177/000271627743300111. S2CID:145235862.
Harris، G. S. (1977). "Ethnic Conflict and the Kurds". Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science. ج. 433 ع. 1: 112–124 [pp. 118–120]. DOI:10.1177/000271627743300111. S2CID:145235862.
Harris، George S. (1 يناير 1977). "Ethnic Conflict and the Kurds". The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science. ج. 433 ع. 1: 112–124. DOI:10.1177/000271627743300111. S2CID:145235862.
Harris، G. S. (1977). "Ethnic Conflict and the Kurds". Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science. ج. 433 ع. 1: 112–124 [p. 121]. DOI:10.1177/000271627743300111. S2CID:145235862.
Fawcett، L. (2001). "Down but not out? The Kurds in International Politics". Review of International Studies. ج. 27 ع. 1: 109–118 [p. 117]. DOI:10.1017/S0260210500011098. S2CID:146771496.
Leezenberg، M. (2005). "Iraqi Kurdistan: contours of a post-civil war society" (PDF). Third World Quarterly. ج. 26 ع. 4–5: 631–647 [p. 636]. DOI:10.1080/01436590500127867. S2CID:154579710. مؤرشف (PDF) من الأصل في 2020-03-07. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2019-12-17.
Barkey، H. J.؛ Laipson، E. (2005). "Iraqi Kurds And Iraq's Future". Middle East Policy. ج. 12 ع. 4: 66–76 [p. 67]. DOI:10.1111/j.1475-4967.2005.00225.x.
Gunter، M. M.؛ Yavuz، M. H. (2005). "The continuing Crisis In Iraqi Kurdistan". Middle East Policy. ج. 12 ع. 1: 122–133 [pp. 123–124]. DOI:10.1111/j.1061-1924.2005.00190.x.
Leezenberg، M. (2005). "Iraqi Kurdistan: contours of a post-civil war society" (PDF). Third World Quarterly. ج. 26 ع. 4–5: 631–647 [p. 639]. DOI:10.1080/01436590500127867. S2CID:154579710. مؤرشف (PDF) من الأصل في 2020-03-07. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2019-12-17.
Bartu، Peter (2010). "Wrestling With the Integrity of A Nation: The Disputed Internal Boundaries in Iraq". International Affairs ^{[لغات أخرى]}‏. 6. ج. 86 ع. 6: 1329–1343. DOI:10.1111/j.1468-2346.2010.00946.x.{{استشهاد بدورية محكمة}}: صيانة الاستشهاد: علامات ترقيم زائدة (link)
Nicola Degli Esposti (2021) The 2017 independence referendum and the political economy of Kurdish nationalism in Iraq, Third World Quarterly, 42:10, 2317-2333, doi:10.1080/01436597.2021.1949978

encyclopedia.com (Global: 462^nd place; Arabic: 526^th place)

Kurds, The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition, 2001. نسخة محفوظة 7 أغسطس 2016 على موقع واي باك مشين.

erbilia.com (Global: low place; Arabic: low place)

"Erbil Weather Forecast and Climate Information". Erbilia. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2013-07-09. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2013-07-14.

f-16.net (Global: 5,708^th place; Arabic: 8,404^th place)

"F-16 Airframe Details for 86-0262". F-16.net. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2008-05-27. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2012-12-23.

fao.org (Global: 318^th place; Arabic: 214^th place)

"The Republic of Iraq, Drought in northern parts of the country" (PDF). منظمة الأغذية والزراعة. 11 يونيو 2021. مؤرشف (PDF) من الأصل في 2021-09-26. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2021-08-08.

flvc.org (Global: low place; Arabic: low place)

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Lortz، Michael G. (28 أكتوبر 2005). Willing to face Death: A History of Kurdish Military Forces – the Peshmerga – from the Ottoman Empire to Present-Day Iraq (MA thesis). Florida State University. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2023-10-25. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2022-11-13.

fsu.edu (Global: 2,584^th place; Arabic: 2,073^rd place)

etd.lib.fsu.edu

Lortz, Michael G. "The Kurdish Warrior Tradition and the Importance of the Peshmerga" نسخة محفوظة October 29, 2013, على موقع واي باك مشين., Willing to face Death: A History of Kurdish Military Forces - the Peshmerga - from the Ottoman Empire to Present-Day Iraq, 2005-10-28. Chapter 1
Michael G. Lortz. (Chapter 1, Introduction). The Kurdish Warrior Tradition and the Importance of the Peshmerga. pp.39-42. "Archived copy" (PDF). مؤرشف من الأصل (PDF) في 2013-10-29. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2014-10-16.{{استشهاد ويب}}: صيانة الاستشهاد: الأرشيف كعنوان (link)

law.fsu.edu

"Archived copy" (PDF). مؤرشف من الأصل (PDF) في 2009-03-27. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2009-05-08.{{استشهاد ويب}}: صيانة الاستشهاد: الأرشيف كعنوان (link)

google.com.sa (Global: 1,825^th place; Arabic: 35^th place)

"عراق صدام: حروب وآلام". مؤرشف من الأصل في 2025-12-10. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2025-10-20.
"كرد العراق". مؤرشف من الأصل في 2025-12-10. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2025-10-20.

gutenberg.org (Global: 489^th place; Arabic: 563^rd place)

Rawlinson, George, The Seven Great Monarchies of the Ancient Eastern World, Vol. 7, 1871. (copy at Project Gutenberg) نسخة محفوظة 24 سبتمبر 2009 على موقع واي باك مشين.

harvard.edu (Global: 18^th place; Arabic: 33^rd place)

dash.harvard.edu

Ur, Jason Alik; De Jong, Lidewijde; Giraud, Jessica; Osborne, James F.; MacGinnis, John (2013). "Ancient Cities and Landscapes in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq: The Erbil Plain Archaeological Survey 2012 Season" (PDF). Iraq (بالإنجليزية الأمريكية): 99. ISSN:0021-0889. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2021-04-21. Retrieved 2021-04-21.

hrw.org (Global: 729^th place; Arabic: 339^th place)

"Introduction: GENOCIDE IN IRAQ: The Anfal Campaign Against the Kurds (Human Rights Watch Report, 1993)". Hrw.org. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2010-06-15. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2010-12-28.
"Human Rights Watch Report About Anfal Campaign, 1993". Hrw.org. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2010-10-19. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2010-12-28.

iraqinationality.gov.iq (Global: low place; Arabic: 9,924^th place)

"Archived copy" (PDF). مؤرشف من الأصل (PDF) في 2016-11-28. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2016-11-15.{{استشهاد ويب}}: صيانة الاستشهاد: الأرشيف كعنوان (link)

isamveri.org (Global: low place; Arabic: low place)

Bābak (PDF). in: Encyclopaedia of Islam, THREE, Edited by: Kate Fleet, Gudrun Krämer, Denis Matringe, John Nawas, Everett Rowson. ص. 82. مؤرشف (PDF) من الأصل في 2021-04-21. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2021-04-21.

ishtartv.com (Global: low place; Arabic: 4,112^th place)

"Shaqlawa". Ishtar Broadcasting Corporation. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2016-08-27. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2017-01-21.

issn.org (Global: 57^th place; Arabic: 1,629^th place)

portal.issn.org

Ur, Jason Alik; De Jong, Lidewijde; Giraud, Jessica; Osborne, James F.; MacGinnis, John (2013). "Ancient Cities and Landscapes in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq: The Erbil Plain Archaeological Survey 2012 Season" (PDF). Iraq (بالإنجليزية الأمريكية): 99. ISSN:0021-0889. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2021-04-21. Retrieved 2021-04-21.
Westenholz، Joan Goodnick (2004). "The Old Akkadian Presence in Nineveh: Fact or Fiction". Iraq. ج. 66: 7–18. DOI:10.2307/4200552. ISSN:0021-0889. JSTOR:4200552.
Ross, James F. (1970). "Prophecy in Hamath, Israel, and Mari". Harvard Theological Review (بالإنجليزية). 63 (1): 1–28. DOI:10.1017/S0017816000004004. ISSN:1475-4517. S2CID:161096506. Archived from the original on 2021-04-21. Retrieved 2021-04-21. Eshnunna also demanded that Kurda remain neutral and hold on to Subartu.
Zadeh، Yoosef Abbas؛ Kirmanj، Sherko (2017). "The Para-Diplomacy of the Kurdistan Region in Iraq and the Kurdish Statehood Enterprise". Middle East Journal. ج. 71 ع. 4: 588. ISSN:0026-3141. JSTOR:90016497.
Gutman، Roy (5 سبتمبر 2014). "Kurdish leaders are postponing plans for a referendum on independence and say they instead will devote their efforts to forging a new Iraqi government". The Toronto Star. ISSN:0319-0781. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2016-03-17. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2016-03-30.

iwpr.net (Global: low place; Arabic: 5,932^nd place)

Abdulrahman، Frman. "Kurds Reluctant to Send Troops to Baghdad". IWPR Institute for War & Peace Reporting. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2010-08-20. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2010-12-28.

jstor.org (Global: 26^th place; Arabic: 31^st place)

Westenholz، Joan Goodnick (2004). "The Old Akkadian Presence in Nineveh: Fact or Fiction". Iraq. ج. 66: 7–18. DOI:10.2307/4200552. ISSN:0021-0889. JSTOR:4200552.
Zadeh، Yoosef Abbas؛ Kirmanj، Sherko (2017). "The Para-Diplomacy of the Kurdistan Region in Iraq and the Kurdish Statehood Enterprise". Middle East Journal. ج. 71 ع. 4: 588. ISSN:0026-3141. JSTOR:90016497.

kurdistan24.net (Global: low place; Arabic: 2,202^nd place)

"Barzani: Kurdistan will hold referendum before October". Kudistan24. مارس 23, 2016. مؤرشف من الأصل في يونيو 17, 2016. اطلع عليه بتاريخ يونيو 25, 2016.

myforecast.com (Global: low place; Arabic: low place)

"Irbil, Iraq Climate". My Forecast. مؤرشف من الأصل في 4 أكتوبر 2013. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 14 يوليو 2013.

nyu.edu (Global: 1,174^th place; Arabic: 832^nd place)

archive.nyu.edu

Valk، Jonathan (2018). Assyrian Collective Identity in the Second Millennium BCE: A Social Categories Approach (Thesis). ص. 232. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2021-04-21. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2021-04-21.

pbs.org (Global: 198^th place; Arabic: 308^th place)

"A Chronology of U.S.-Kurdish History" نسخة محفوظة 2017-10-10 على موقع واي باك مشين., PBS. Retrieved 20 Aug 2011.

rappler.com (Global: 874^th place; Arabic: 7,977^th place)

"Massive 'yes' vote in Iraqi Kurd independence referendum". رابلر. 27 سبتمبر 2017. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2021-10-27. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2020-08-11.

researchgate.net (Global: 120^th place; Arabic: 247^th place)

Llop، Jaume. "The Development of the Middle Assyrian Provinces". Altorientalische Forschungen, 2012, 39(1):87-111. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2023-11-28.

reuters.com (Global: 49^th place; Arabic: 57^th place)

"Iraqi Kurdish leader says region will defend itself". Reuters. 18 نوفمبر 2012. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2015-09-24. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2017-07-01.
"Iraqi forces seize oil city Kirkuk from Kurds in bold advance". رويترز. 17 أكتوبر 2017. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2018-07-04. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2017-08-11.
"Iraq's Kurdistan says to respect court decision banning secession". رويترز. 14 نوفمبر 2017. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2020-08-02. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2020-08-11.

rudaw.net (Global: 4,148^th place; Arabic: 704^th place)

By Rudaw. "Barzani: Time is ripe for referendum; Kurdish independence brings the region peace". Rudaw. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2018-10-29. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2018-10-29.
"Kurdistan will hold independence referendum in 2017, senior official". مؤرشف من الأصل في 2017-04-02. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2017-04-02.

semanticscholar.org (Global: 11^th place; Arabic: 86^th place)

api.semanticscholar.org

Ross, James F. (1970). "Prophecy in Hamath, Israel, and Mari". Harvard Theological Review (بالإنجليزية). 63 (1): 1–28. DOI:10.1017/S0017816000004004. ISSN:1475-4517. S2CID:161096506. Archived from the original on 2021-04-21. Retrieved 2021-04-21. Eshnunna also demanded that Kurda remain neutral and hold on to Subartu.
Dahlman، C. (2002). "The Political Geography of Kurdistan". Eurasian Geography and Economics. ج. 43 ع. 4: 271–299 [p. 286]. DOI:10.2747/1538-7216.43.4.271. S2CID:146638619.
Eskander، Saad (2000). "Britain's Policy in Southern Kurdistan: The Formation and Termination of the First Kurdish Government, 1918-1919". British Journal of Middle Eastern Studies. ج. 27 ع. 2: 139–163 [pp. 151, 152, 155, 160]. DOI:10.1080/13530190020000501. S2CID:144862193.
Harris، G. S. (1977). "Ethnic Conflict and the Kurds". Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science. ج. 433 ع. 1: 112–124 [p. 118]. DOI:10.1177/000271627743300111. S2CID:145235862.
Harris، G. S. (1977). "Ethnic Conflict and the Kurds". Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science. ج. 433 ع. 1: 112–124 [pp. 118–120]. DOI:10.1177/000271627743300111. S2CID:145235862.
Harris، George S. (1 يناير 1977). "Ethnic Conflict and the Kurds". The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science. ج. 433 ع. 1: 112–124. DOI:10.1177/000271627743300111. S2CID:145235862.
Harris، G. S. (1977). "Ethnic Conflict and the Kurds". Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science. ج. 433 ع. 1: 112–124 [p. 121]. DOI:10.1177/000271627743300111. S2CID:145235862.
Fawcett، L. (2001). "Down but not out? The Kurds in International Politics". Review of International Studies. ج. 27 ع. 1: 109–118 [p. 117]. DOI:10.1017/S0260210500011098. S2CID:146771496.
Leezenberg، M. (2005). "Iraqi Kurdistan: contours of a post-civil war society" (PDF). Third World Quarterly. ج. 26 ع. 4–5: 631–647 [p. 636]. DOI:10.1080/01436590500127867. S2CID:154579710. مؤرشف (PDF) من الأصل في 2020-03-07. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2019-12-17.
Leezenberg، M. (2005). "Iraqi Kurdistan: contours of a post-civil war society" (PDF). Third World Quarterly. ج. 26 ع. 4–5: 631–647 [p. 639]. DOI:10.1080/01436590500127867. S2CID:154579710. مؤرشف (PDF) من الأصل في 2020-03-07. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2019-12-17.

sepoa.fr (Global: low place; Arabic: low place)

Heimpel، Wolfgang (يونيو 2000). "Mari Archive Letters ARM 2 23" (PDF). Nouvelles Assyriologiques Brèves et Utilitaires ع. 2: 39. مؤرشف (PDF) من الأصل في 2023-07-03. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2021-04-21. Kurda resisted the Elamite attempt of controlling the area of the upper land.

skynewsarabia.com (Global: 3,557^th place; Arabic: 80^th place)

"دستور كردستان يعترف بتنوع سكانها.. والعربية "لغة رسمية"". سكاي نيوز عربية. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2021-05-20. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2025-11-30.

stanford.edu (Global: 179^th place; Arabic: 237^th place)

swap.stanford.edu

"Halabja, the massacre the West tried to ignore". The Times. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2010-01-28. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2013-08-28.

thestar.com (Global: 336^th place; Arabic: 854^th place)

Gutman، Roy (5 سبتمبر 2014). "Kurdish leaders are postponing plans for a referendum on independence and say they instead will devote their efforts to forging a new Iraqi government". The Toronto Star. ISSN:0319-0781. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2016-03-17. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2016-03-30.

timesonline.co.uk (Global: 241^st place; Arabic: 381^st place)

"Halabja, the massacre the West tried to ignore". The Times. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2010-01-28. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2013-08-28.

unpo.org (Global: 8,486^th place; Arabic: 5,602^nd place)

"UNPO: Iraqi Kurdistan: Erbil Best Arab Tourism Capital". unpo.org. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2021-08-08. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2021-08-08.

uobabylon.edu.iq (Global: low place; Arabic: 664^th place)

الفصل الاول: العراق منذ الغزو المغولي حتى السيطرة العثمانية من موقع جامعة بابل نسخة محفوظة 19 نوفمبر 2015 على موقع واي باك مشين.

uva.nl (Global: 3,518^th place; Arabic: 6,108^th place)

pure.uva.nl

Leezenberg، M. (2005). "Iraqi Kurdistan: contours of a post-civil war society" (PDF). Third World Quarterly. ج. 26 ع. 4–5: 631–647 [p. 636]. DOI:10.1080/01436590500127867. S2CID:154579710. مؤرشف (PDF) من الأصل في 2020-03-07. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2019-12-17.
Leezenberg، M. (2005). "Iraqi Kurdistan: contours of a post-civil war society" (PDF). Third World Quarterly. ج. 26 ع. 4–5: 631–647 [p. 639]. DOI:10.1080/01436590500127867. S2CID:154579710. مؤرشف (PDF) من الأصل في 2020-03-07. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2019-12-17.

washingtonpost.com (Global: 34^th place; Arabic: 88^th place)

"Tensions mount between Baghdad and Kurdish region as Kurds seize oil fields". واشنطن بوست. مؤرشف من الأصل في 12 يوليو 2014. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 11 يوليو 2014.

web.archive.org (Global: 1^st place; Arabic: 1^st place)

"دستور كردستان يعترف بتنوع سكانها.. والعربية "لغة رسمية"". سكاي نيوز عربية. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2021-05-20. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2025-11-30.
Khalil, Fadel (1992). Kurden heute (بالألمانية). Europaverlag. pp. 5, 18–19. ISBN:3-203-51097-9. Archived from the original on 2022-09-23.
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Bois, Th; Minorsky, V.; MacKenzie, D. N. (24 Apr 2012). "Kurds, Kurdistān". Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition (بالإنجليزية). Brill. Archived from the original on 2023-03-26. At present, the different provinces of Kurdistān cover around 190,000 km2 in Turkey, 125,000 km2 in Iran, 65,000 km2 in Irāḳ, and 12,000 km2 in Syria. The total area of Kurdistān can then be estimated at approximately 392,000 km2.
"عراق صدام: حروب وآلام". مؤرشف من الأصل في 2025-12-10. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2025-10-20.
"كرد العراق". مؤرشف من الأصل في 2025-12-10. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2025-10-20.
Kurds, The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition, 2001. نسخة محفوظة 7 أغسطس 2016 على موقع واي باك مشين.
Rawlinson, George, The Seven Great Monarchies of the Ancient Eastern World, Vol. 7, 1871. (copy at Project Gutenberg) نسخة محفوظة 24 سبتمبر 2009 على موقع واي باك مشين.
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"Weather averages for Amadiya". Climate-Data. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2 فبراير 2017. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 21 يناير 2017.
"The Republic of Iraq, Drought in northern parts of the country" (PDF). منظمة الأغذية والزراعة. 11 يونيو 2021. مؤرشف (PDF) من الأصل في 2021-09-26. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2021-08-08.
"Shaqlawa". Ishtar Broadcasting Corporation. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2016-08-27. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2017-01-21.
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Liverani, Mario (1993). Akkad: The First World Empire: Structure, Ideology, Traditions (بالإنجليزية). Sargon. p. 139. ISBN:978-88-11-20468-8. Archived from the original on 2023-07-03. Retrieved 2021-05-04.
Ur, Jason Alik; De Jong, Lidewijde; Giraud, Jessica; Osborne, James F.; MacGinnis, John (2013). "Ancient Cities and Landscapes in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq: The Erbil Plain Archaeological Survey 2012 Season" (PDF). Iraq (بالإنجليزية الأمريكية): 99. ISSN:0021-0889. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2021-04-21. Retrieved 2021-04-21.
Liverani, Mario (1993). Akkad: The First World Empire: Structure, Ideology, Traditions (بالإنجليزية). Sargon. p. 139. ISBN:978-88-11-20468-8. Archived from the original on 2023-07-03. Retrieved 2021-05-04.
Potts, D. T. (2020). The Oxford History of the Ancient Near East: Volume I: from the Beginnings to Old Kingdom Egypt and the Dynasty of Akkad (بالإنجليزية). Oxford University Press. p. 731. ISBN:978-0-19-068785-4. Archived from the original on 2023-07-03. Retrieved 2021-05-04.
Cotsen, Lloyd E. (1998). Urkesh and the Hurrians: Studies in Honor of Lloyd Cotsen (بالإنجليزية). Undena Publications. pp. 91–2. ISBN:978-0-89003-501-6. Archived from the original on 2023-07-03. Retrieved 2021-05-04.
Heimpel, Wolfgang (2003). Letters to the King of Mari: A New Translation, with Historical Introduction, Notes, and Commentary (بالإنجليزية). Eisenbrauns. pp. xx, 48. ISBN:978-1-57506-080-4. Archived from the original on 2023-07-03. Retrieved 2021-05-04.
Michael C. Astour (1987). History of Ebla, in " Eblaitica: Essays on the Ebla Archives and Eblaite Language" (بالإنجليزية). Eisenbrauns. p. 169. ISBN:978-1-57506-060-6. Archived from the original on 2023-07-03. Retrieved 2021-05-04. Kurda was one of the five most influential states in Upper Mesopotamia.
Altorientalische Forschungen (بالألمانية). Akademie-Verlag. 2001. p. 94. Archived from the original on 2023-07-03. Retrieved 2021-05-04. Kurda must have fallen into the hands of Šamši - Adad around the time that he took Šubat - Enlil , hence around 20 - 25 years before the end of his reign and the advent of Zimri - Lim .
Caubet, Annie; Pouyssegur, Patrick (1998). The Ancient Near East: The Origins of Civilization (بالإنجليزية). Terrail. p. 97. ISBN:978-2-87939-152-6. Archived from the original on 2023-07-03. Retrieved 2021-05-04.
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العالم الجديد، 2024. نتائج تعداد سكان كردستان.. هل تتسبب بأزمة بين بغداد وأربيل؟ 28 تشرين الثاني 2024. تاريخ الولوج 18 كانون الثاني 2025. نسخة محفوظة 2024-12-08 على موقع واي باك مشين.

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Kennedy، Hugh (2004). The Prophet and the age of the Caliphates : the Islamic Near East from the sixth to the eleventh century (ط. 2nd). Harlow, England: Pearson/Longman. ISBN:0-582-40525-4. OCLC:55792252. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2022-10-31.

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archive.org (Global: 6^th place; Arabic: 3^rd place)

archive.today (Global: 14^th place; Arabic: 41^st place)

bbc.co.uk (Global: 8^th place; Arabic: 10^th place)

books.google.com (Global: 3^rd place; Arabic: 8^th place)

brillonline.com (Global: 1,199^th place; Arabic: 527^th place)

brookings.edu (Global: 1,634^th place; Arabic: 1,657^th place)

businessinsider.com (Global: 140^th place; Arabic: 276^th place)

byu.edu (Global: 1,687^th place; Arabic: 1,490^th place)

cambridge.org (Global: 305^th place; Arabic: 299^th place)

cia.gov (Global: 89^th place; Arabic: 47^th place)

climate-data.org (Global: 1,315^th place; Arabic: 745^th place)

cnn.com (Global: 28^th place; Arabic: 34^th place)

dailykos.com (Global: 5,214^th place; Arabic: low place)

defensenews.com (Global: 1,259^th place; Arabic: 2,673^rd place)

doi.org (Global: 2^nd place; Arabic: 5^th place)

encyclopedia.com (Global: 462^nd place; Arabic: 526^th place)

f-16.net (Global: 5,708^th place; Arabic: 8,404^th place)

fao.org (Global: 318^th place; Arabic: 214^th place)

fsu.edu (Global: 2,584^th place; Arabic: 2,073^rd place)

google.com.sa (Global: 1,825^th place; Arabic: 35^th place)

gutenberg.org (Global: 489^th place; Arabic: 563^rd place)

harvard.edu (Global: 18^th place; Arabic: 33^rd place)

hrw.org (Global: 729^th place; Arabic: 339^th place)

iraqinationality.gov.iq (Global: low place; Arabic: 9,924^th place)

ishtartv.com (Global: low place; Arabic: 4,112^th place)

issn.org (Global: 57^th place; Arabic: 1,629^th place)

iwpr.net (Global: low place; Arabic: 5,932^nd place)

jstor.org (Global: 26^th place; Arabic: 31^st place)

kurdistan24.net (Global: low place; Arabic: 2,202^nd place)

nyu.edu (Global: 1,174^th place; Arabic: 832^nd place)

pbs.org (Global: 198^th place; Arabic: 308^th place)

rappler.com (Global: 874^th place; Arabic: 7,977^th place)

researchgate.net (Global: 120^th place; Arabic: 247^th place)

reuters.com (Global: 49^th place; Arabic: 57^th place)

rudaw.net (Global: 4,148^th place; Arabic: 704^th place)

semanticscholar.org (Global: 11^th place; Arabic: 86^th place)

skynewsarabia.com (Global: 3,557^th place; Arabic: 80^th place)

stanford.edu (Global: 179^th place; Arabic: 237^th place)

thestar.com (Global: 336^th place; Arabic: 854^th place)

timesonline.co.uk (Global: 241^st place; Arabic: 381^st place)

unpo.org (Global: 8,486^th place; Arabic: 5,602^nd place)

uobabylon.edu.iq (Global: low place; Arabic: 664^th place)

uva.nl (Global: 3,518^th place; Arabic: 6,108^th place)

washingtonpost.com (Global: 34^th place; Arabic: 88^th place)

web.archive.org (Global: 1^st place; Arabic: 1^st place)

wikidata.org (Global: 43^rd place; Arabic: 2^nd place)

worldcat.org (Global: 5^th place; Arabic: 4^th place)

worldweatheronline.com (Global: low place; Arabic: 5,966^th place)

yale.edu (Global: 565^th place; Arabic: 584^th place)