Barbara L. Tischler (29 Nov 2017). "Rainey, Ma (26 April 1886–22 December 1939), vaudeville, blues, and jazz singer and self-proclaimed "Mother of the Blues"". American National Biography Online (بالإنجليزية). DOI:10.1093/ANB/9780198606697.ARTICLE.1802493. ISSN:1470-6229. QID:Q103876188.
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Eileen Southern (1982), Biographical Dictionary of Afro-American and African Musicians (بالإنجليزية), Greenwood Publishing Group, LCCN:81002586, OL:24704075M, QID:Q51333926
Barbara L. Tischler (29 Nov 2017). "Rainey, Ma (26 April 1886–22 December 1939), vaudeville, blues, and jazz singer and self-proclaimed "Mother of the Blues"". American National Biography Online (بالإنجليزية). DOI:10.1093/ANB/9780198606697.ARTICLE.1802493. ISSN:1470-6229. QID:Q103876188.
Barbara L. Tischler (29 Nov 2017). "Rainey, Ma (26 April 1886–22 December 1939), vaudeville, blues, and jazz singer and self-proclaimed "Mother of the Blues"". American National Biography Online (بالإنجليزية). DOI:10.1093/ANB/9780198606697.ARTICLE.1802493. ISSN:1470-6229. QID:Q103876188.