Barbara L. Tischler (29 Nov 2017). "Rainey, Ma (26 April 1886–22 December 1939), vaudeville, blues, and jazz singer and self-proclaimed "Mother of the Blues"". American National Biography Online (بالإنجليزية). DOI:10.1093/ANB/9780198606697.ARTICLE.1802493. ISSN:1470-6229. QID:Q103876188.
Barbara L. Tischler (29 Nov 2017). "Rainey, Ma (26 April 1886–22 December 1939), vaudeville, blues, and jazz singer and self-proclaimed "Mother of the Blues"". American National Biography Online (بالإنجليزية). DOI:10.1093/ANB/9780198606697.ARTICLE.1802493. ISSN:1470-6229. QID:Q103876188.
Barbara L. Tischler (29 Nov 2017). "Rainey, Ma (26 April 1886–22 December 1939), vaudeville, blues, and jazz singer and self-proclaimed "Mother of the Blues"". American National Biography Online (بالإنجليزية). DOI:10.1093/ANB/9780198606697.ARTICLE.1802493. ISSN:1470-6229. QID:Q103876188.