Chondros، Thomas G.؛ Milidonis، Kypros؛ Vitzilaios، George؛ Vaitsis، John (سبتمبر 2013). ""Deus-Ex-Machina" reconstruction in the Athens theater of Dionysus". Mechanism and Machine Theory. ج. 67: 172–191. DOI:10.1016/j.mechmachtheory.2013.04.010.
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One of the earliest occurrences of the phrase is in fragment 227 of ميناندر: ἀπὸ μηχανῆϛ θεὸς ἐπεφάνηϛ "You are by your epiphany a veritable god from the machine", as quoted in The Woman Possessed with a Divinity, as translated in Menander: The Principal Fragments (1921) by Francis Greenleaf Allinson.
