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نظام برلماني (Arabic Wikipedia)

Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "نظام برلماني" in Arabic language version.

refsWebsite
Global rank Arabic rank
13web.archive.org
1st place
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3books.google.com
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3doi.org
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2blog.gov.uk
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2worldcat.org
5th place
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2jstor.org
26th place
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1ssrn.com
703rd place
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1google.co.uk
504th place
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1unesco.org
104th place
63rd place
1bbc.co.uk
8th place
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1telegraph.co.uk
30th place
59th place
1wikisource.org
27th place
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1ait.org.tw
low place
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1semanticscholar.org
11th place
86th place
1archive.org
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1worldbank.org
231st place
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ait.org.tw

  • "Constitutionalism: America & Beyond". Bureau of International Information Programs (IIP), U.S. Department of State. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2014-10-24. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2014-10-30. The earliest, and perhaps greatest, victory for liberalism was achieved in England. The rising commercial class that had supported the Tudor monarchy in the 16th century led the revolutionary battle in the 17th, and succeeded in establishing the supremacy of Parliament and, eventually, of the House of Commons. What emerged as the distinctive feature of modern constitutionalism was not the insistence on the idea that the king is subject to law (although this concept is an essential attribute of all constitutionalism). This notion was already well established in the Middle Ages. What was distinctive was the establishment of effective means of political control whereby the rule of law might be enforced. Modern constitutionalism was born with the political requirement that representative government depended upon the consent of citizen subjects.... However, as can be seen through provisions in the 1689 Bill of Rights, the English Revolution was fought not just to protect the rights of property (in the narrow sense) but to establish those liberties which liberals believed essential to human dignity and moral worth. The "rights of man" enumerated in the English Bill of Rights gradually were proclaimed beyond the boundaries of England, notably in the American Declaration of Independence of 1776 and in the French Declaration of the Rights of Man in 1789.

archive.org

bbc.co.uk

blog.gov.uk

history.blog.gov.uk

  • Dr Andrew Blick and Professor George Jones — No 10 guest historian series, Prime Ministers and No. 10 (1 يناير 2012). "The Institution of Prime Minister". Government of the United Kingdom: History of Government Blog. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2017-10-20. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2016-04-15.{{استشهاد ويب}}: صيانة الاستشهاد: أسماء عددية: قائمة المؤلفين (link)
  • Blick، Andrew؛ Jones، George (1 يناير 2012). "The Institution of Prime Minister". History of Government Blog. Government of the United Kingdom. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2016-03-10.

books.google.com

doi.org

google.co.uk

books.google.co.uk

jstor.org

semanticscholar.org

api.semanticscholar.org

ssrn.com

papers.ssrn.com

telegraph.co.uk

unesco.org

web.archive.org

  • Lederman, Daniel; Loayza, Norman; Soares, Rodrigo. "Accountability and Corruption: Political Institutions Matter" نسخة محفوظة 18 أكتوبر 2017 على موقع واي باك مشين.
  • Dr Andrew Blick and Professor George Jones — No 10 guest historian series, Prime Ministers and No. 10 (1 يناير 2012). "The Institution of Prime Minister". Government of the United Kingdom: History of Government Blog. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2017-10-20. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2016-04-15.{{استشهاد ويب}}: صيانة الاستشهاد: أسماء عددية: قائمة المؤلفين (link)
  • Carter، Byrum E. (2015) [1955]. "The Historical Development of the Office of Prime Minister". Office of the Prime Minister. Princeton University Press. ISBN:9781400878260. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2019-12-16.
  • "The Decreta of León of 1188 – The oldest documentary manifestation of the European parliamentary system". UNESCO Memory of the World. 2013. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2016-06-24. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2016-05-21.
  • Jobson، Adrian (2012). The First English Revolution: Simon de Montfort, Henry III and the Barons' War. Bloomsbury. ص. 173–4. ISBN:978-1-84725-226-5. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2020-08-01. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2020-06-06.
  • "Simon de Montfort: The turning point for democracy that gets overlooked". BBC. 19 يناير 2015. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2015-01-19. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2015-01-19
  • "The January Parliament and how it defined Britain". The Telegraph. 20 يناير 2015. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2015-01-23. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2015-01-28.
  • Kopstein، Jeffrey؛ Lichbach، Mark؛ Hanson، Stephen E.، المحررون (2014). Comparative Politics: Interests, Identities, and Institutions in a Changing Global Order (ط. 4, revised). Cambridge University Press. ص. 37–9. ISBN:978-1139991384. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2020-06-30. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2020-06-06. Britain pioneered the system of liberal democracy that has now spread in one form or another to most of the world's countries
  • "Constitutionalism: America & Beyond". Bureau of International Information Programs (IIP), U.S. Department of State. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2014-10-24. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2014-10-30. The earliest, and perhaps greatest, victory for liberalism was achieved in England. The rising commercial class that had supported the Tudor monarchy in the 16th century led the revolutionary battle in the 17th, and succeeded in establishing the supremacy of Parliament and, eventually, of the House of Commons. What emerged as the distinctive feature of modern constitutionalism was not the insistence on the idea that the king is subject to law (although this concept is an essential attribute of all constitutionalism). This notion was already well established in the Middle Ages. What was distinctive was the establishment of effective means of political control whereby the rule of law might be enforced. Modern constitutionalism was born with the political requirement that representative government depended upon the consent of citizen subjects.... However, as can be seen through provisions in the 1689 Bill of Rights, the English Revolution was fought not just to protect the rights of property (in the narrow sense) but to establish those liberties which liberals believed essential to human dignity and moral worth. The "rights of man" enumerated in the English Bill of Rights gradually were proclaimed beyond the boundaries of England, notably in the American Declaration of Independence of 1776 and in the French Declaration of the Rights of Man in 1789.
  • Blick، Andrew؛ Jones، George (1 يناير 2012). "The Institution of Prime Minister". History of Government Blog. Government of the United Kingdom. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2016-03-10.
  • Carter، Byrum E. (2015) [1955]. "The Historical Development of the Office of Prime Minister". Office of the Prime Minister. Princeton University Press. ISBN:9781400878260. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2020-08-19. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2020-06-06.
  • Sundquist، James L. (1992). Constitutional reform and effective government. Internet Archive. Washington, D.C. : Brookings Institution. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2021-08-15.
  • Lederman، Daniel (نوفمبر 2001). Accountability and Corruption: Political Institutions Matter. Policy Research Working Papers. World Bank. ص. 27. DOI:10.1596/1813-9450-2708. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2020-11-16.

wikisource.org

ar.wikisource.org

worldbank.org

elibrary.worldbank.org

worldcat.org