نمل (Arabic Wikipedia)

Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "نمل" in Arabic language version.

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معجم: القاموس المحيط - موقع المعاني

amnh.org

digitallibrary.amnh.org

Barden P، Grimaldi D (2012). "Rediscovery of the bizarre Cretaceous ant Haidomyrmex Dlussky (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), with two new species" (PDF). American Museum Novitates ع. 3755: 1–16. DOI:10.1206/3755.2. hdl:2246/6368. S2CID:83598305. مؤرشف من الأصل (PDF) في 2013-04-23. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2013-05-05.

antbase.org

Ants: Standard methods for measuring and monitoring biodiversity. Smithsonian Institution Press. 2000. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2024-02-26. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2015-12-13.
Weber, NA (1946). "Dimorphism in the African Oecophylla worker and an anomaly (Hym.: Formicidae)" (PDF). Annals of the Entomological Society of America. ج. 39: 7–10. DOI:10.1093/aesa/39.1.7. مؤرشف (PDF) من الأصل في 2022-10-09.
Taylor RW (2007). "Bloody funny wasps! Speculations on the evolution of eusociality in ants" (PDF). Advances in ant systematics (Hymenoptera: Formicidae): homage to E. O. Wilson – 50 years of contributions. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute, 80. American Entomological Institute. ص. 580–609. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2015-12-13.

antweb.org

AntWeb نسخة محفوظة 2023-05-07 على موقع واي باك مشين.

antwiki.org

Wilson EO (1957). "The organization of a nuptial flight of the ant Pheidole sitarches Wheeler" (PDF). Psyche: A Journal of Entomology. ج. 64 ع. 2: 46–50. DOI:10.1155/1957/68319. مؤرشف من الأصل (PDF) في 2023-07-15.

archive-it.org

wayback.archive-it.org

Yanoviak SP، Dudley R، Kaspari M (فبراير 2005). "Directed aerial descent in canopy ants" (PDF). Nature. ج. 433 ع. 7026: 624–626. Bibcode:2005Natur.433..624Y. DOI:10.1038/nature03254. PMID:15703745. S2CID:4368995. مؤرشف من الأصل (PDF) في 2007-06-16.

archive.org

مصطفى الشهابي (2003). أحمد شفيق الخطيب (المحرر). معجم الشهابي في مصطلحات العلوم الزراعية (بالعربية والإنجليزية واللاتينية) (ط. 5). بيروت: مكتبة لبنان ناشرون. ص. 32. ISBN:978-9953-10-550-5. OCLC:1158683669. QID:Q115858366.
قاموس مصطلحات الفلاحة (بالعربية والفرنسية). الجزائر العاصمة: المجلس الأعلى للغة العربية بالجزائر. 2018. ص. 154. ISBN:978-9931-681-42-7. OCLC:1100055505. QID:Q121071043.
المعجم الموحد لمصطلحات علم الأحياء، سلسلة المعاجم الموحدة (8) (بالعربية والإنجليزية والفرنسية)، تونس: مكتب تنسيق التعريب، 1993، ص. 29، OCLC:929544775، QID:Q114972534
أمين المعلوف (1985)، معجم الحيوان (بالعربية والإنجليزية) (ط. 3)، بيروت: دار الرائد العربي، ص. 11، OCLC:1039733332، QID:Q113643886
نزار مصطفى الملاح، معجم الملاح في مصطلحات علم الحشرات (بالعربية والإنجليزية)، الموصل: جامعة الموصل، ص. 70، QID:Q118929029
ابن منظور (1994)، لسان العرب (ط. 3)، بيروت: دار صادر، ص. 678، OCLC:4770578388، QID:Q114878607
مجمع اللغة العربية بالقاهرة (1972)، المعجم الوسيط (مجمع القاهرة)، القاهرة: مجمع اللغة العربية بالقاهرة، ج. 2، ص. 955، OCLC:989723329، QID:Q12193386
Holldobler B، Wilson EO (2009). The Superorganism: The Beauty, Elegance, and Strangeness of Insect Societies. New York: W.W. Norton. ص. 5. ISBN:978-0-393-06704-0.
Wilson EO (يونيو 1953). "The origin and evolution of polymorphism in ants". The Quarterly Review of Biology. ج. 28 ع. 2: 136–156. DOI:10.1086/399512. PMID:13074471. S2CID:4560071.
Hölldobler B، Wilson EO (1990). The Ants. Harvard University Press. ص. 291. ISBN:978-0-674-04075-5.
Traniello JFA (1989). "Foraging strategies of ants". Annual Review of Entomology. ج. 34: 191–210. DOI:10.1146/annurev.en.34.010189.001203.
Encyclopedia of Insects. San Diego: Academic Press. 2003. ص. 29–32. ISBN:978-0-12-586990-4.
Yamauchi K، Kawase N (1992). "Pheromonal manipulation of workers by a fighting male to kill his rival males in the ant Cardiocondyla wroughtonii". Naturwissenschaften. ج. 79 ع. 6: 274–276. Bibcode:1992NW.....79..274Y. DOI:10.1007/BF01175395. S2CID:31191187.
Brown SG، Heddle RJ، Wiese MD، Blackman KE (أغسطس 2005). "Efficacy of ant venom immunotherapy and whole body extracts". The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. ج. 116 ع. 2: 464–465, author reply 465–466. DOI:10.1016/j.jaci.2005.04.025. PMID:16083810.
Stafford CT (أغسطس 1996). "Hypersensitivity to fire ant venom". Annals of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology. ج. 77 ع. 2: 87–95, quiz 96–99. DOI:10.1016/S1081-1206(10)63493-X. PMID:8760773.
Carpintero S، Reyes-López J، de Reynac LA (2004). "Impact of human dwellings on the distribution of the exotic Argentine ant: a case study in the Doñana National Park, Spain". Biological Conservation. ج. 115 ع. 2: 279–289. Bibcode:2004BCons.115..279C. DOI:10.1016/S0006-3207(03)00147-2.
Chapman RF (1998). The Insects: Structure and Function (ط. 4th). Cambridge University Press. ص. 600. ISBN:978-0-521-57890-5.
Morrison LW (1998). "A review of Bahamian ant (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) biogeography". Journal of Biogeography. ج. 25 ع. 3: 561–571. Bibcode:1998JBiog..25..561M. DOI:10.1046/j.1365-2699.1998.2530561.x. S2CID:84923599.
Clay RE، Andersen AN (1996). "Ant fauna of a mangrove community in the Australian seasonal tropics, with particular reference to zonation". Australian Journal of Zoology. ج. 44 ع. 5: 521–533. DOI:10.1071/ZO9960521.
Ward PS (1996). "A new workerless social parasite in the ant genus Pseudomyrmex (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), with a discussion of the origin of social parasitism in ants". Systematic Entomology. ج. 21 ع. 3: 253–263. Bibcode:1996SysEn..21..253W. DOI:10.1046/j.1365-3113.1996.d01-12.x. S2CID:84198690.
Taylor RW (1968). "The Australian workerless inquiline ant, Strumigenys xenos Brown (Hymenoptera-Formicidae) recorded from New Zealand". New Zealand Entomologist. ج. 4 ع. 1: 47–49. Bibcode:1968NZEnt...4...47T. DOI:10.1080/00779962.1968.9722888. S2CID:83791596.
Reiskind J (1977). "Ant-mimicry in Panamanian clubionid and salticid spiders (Araneae: Clubionidae, Salticidae)". Biotropica. ج. 9 ع. 1: 1–8. Bibcode:1977Biotr...9....1R. DOI:10.2307/2387854. JSTOR:2387854.
Jahn GC، Beardsley JW (1996). "Effects of Pheidole megacephala (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) on survival and dispersal of Dysmicoccus neobrevipes (Homoptera: Pseudococcidae)". Journal of Economic Entomology. ج. 89 ع. 5: 1124–1129. DOI:10.1093/jee/89.5.1124.
Pierce NE، Braby MF، Heath A، Lohman DJ، Mathew J، Rand DB، Travassos MA (2002). "The ecology and evolution of ant association in the Lycaenidae (Lepidoptera)". Annual Review of Entomology. ج. 47: 733–771. DOI:10.1146/annurev.ento.47.091201.145257. PMID:11729090.
Peakall R، Beattie AJ، James SH (أكتوبر 1987). "Pseudocopulation of an orchid by male ants: a test of two hypotheses accounting for the rarity of ant pollination". Oecologia. ج. 73 ع. 4: 522–524. Bibcode:1987Oecol..73..522P. DOI:10.1007/BF00379410. PMID:28311968. S2CID:3195610.
Fischer RC، Wanek W، Richter A، Mayer V (2003). "Do ants feed plants? A ¹⁵N labelling study of nitrogen fluxes from ants to plants in the mutualism of Pheidole and Piper". Journal of Ecology. ج. 91 ع. 1: 126–134. Bibcode:2003JEcol..91..126F. DOI:10.1046/j.1365-2745.2003.00747.x.
Hanzawa FM، Beattie AJ، Culver DC (1988). "Directed dispersal: demographic analysis of an ant-seed mutualism". American Naturalist. ج. 131 ع. 1: 1–13. DOI:10.1086/284769. S2CID:85317649.
Hughes L، Westoby M (1992). "Capitula on stick insect eggs and elaiosomes on seeds: convergent adaptations for burial by ants". Functional Ecology. ج. 6 ع. 6: 642–648. Bibcode:1992FuEco...6..642.. DOI:10.2307/2389958. JSTOR:2389958.
Sapolsky RM (2001). A Primate's Memoir: A Neuroscientist's Unconventional Life Among the Baboons. Simon and Schuster. ص. 156. ISBN:978-0-7432-0241-1.

asu.edu

askabiologist.asu.edu

Holbrook, Tate (22 سبتمبر 2009). "Ask a Biologist: Face to Face with Ants". ASU School of Life Sciences. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2023-07-29. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2018-01-23.

biologists.org

jeb.biologists.org

Eriksson ES (1985). "Attack behaviour and distance perception in the Australian bulldog ant Myrmecia nigriceps" (PDF). Journal of Experimental Biology. ج. 119 ع. 1: 115–131. DOI:10.1242/jeb.119.1.115. مؤرشف (PDF) من الأصل في 2022-10-09.
Gronenberg W (1996). "The trap-jaw mechanism in the dacetine ants Daceton armigerum and Strumigenys sp" (PDF). The Journal of Experimental Biology. ج. 199 ع. Pt 9: 2021–2033. DOI:10.1242/jeb.199.9.2021. PMID:9319931. مؤرشف (PDF) من الأصل في 2022-10-09.
Åkesson S، Wehner R (2002). "Visual navigation in desert ants Cataglyphis fortis: are snapshots coupled to a celestial system of reference?" (PDF). Journal of Experimental Biology. ج. 205 ع. 14: 1971–1978. DOI:10.1242/jeb.205.14.1971. PMID:12089203. مؤرشف من الأصل (PDF) في 2023-03-29.
Fukushi T (يونيو 2001). "Homing in wood ants, Formica japonica: use of the skyline panorama". The Journal of Experimental Biology. ج. 204 ع. Pt 12: 2063–2072. DOI:10.1242/jeb.204.12.2063. PMID:11441048. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2023-03-29.

biostor.org

Jeanne RL (1972). "Social biology of the neotropical wasp Mischocyttarus drewseni". Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. ج. 144: 63–150. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2024-08-05.

bugguide.net

"Order Isoptera – Termites". Iowa State University Entomology. 16 فبراير 2004. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2008-06-15. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2008-06-12.
"Family Mutillidae – Velvet ants". Iowa State University Entomology. 16 فبراير 2004. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2008-06-30. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2008-06-12.

cambridge.org

Frouz، Jan؛ Jílková، Veronika؛ Sorvari، Jouni (2016). "Contribution of wood ants to nutrient cycling and ecosystem function". في Robinson، Elva J. H.؛ Stockan، Jenni A. (المحررون). Wood Ant Ecology and Conservation. Ecology, Biodiversity and Conservation. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ص. 207–220. ISBN:978-1-107-04833-1. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2021-07-12.

canopyants.com

Yanoviak SP، Dudley R، Kaspari M (فبراير 2005). "Directed aerial descent in canopy ants" (PDF). Nature. ج. 433 ع. 7026: 624–626. Bibcode:2005Natur.433..624Y. DOI:10.1038/nature03254. PMID:15703745. S2CID:4368995. مؤرشف من الأصل (PDF) في 2007-06-16.

ciel.org

Downes D، Laird SA (1999). "Innovative mechanisms for sharing benefits of biodiversity and related knowledge" (PDF). The Center for International Environmental Law. مؤرشف (PDF) من الأصل في 2008-04-23. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2008-06-08.

doi.org

Moreau CS، Bell CD، Vila R، Archibald SB، Pierce NE (2006). "Phylogeny of the ants: Diversification in the Age of Angiosperms". ساينس. ج. 312 ع. 5770: 101–104. Bibcode:2006Sci...312..101M. DOI:10.1126/science.1124891. ISSN:0036-8075. PMID:16601190. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2009-03-02.
Johnson BR، Borowiec ML، Chiu JC، Lee EK، Atallah J، Ward PS (أكتوبر 2013). "Phylogenomics resolves evolutionary relationships among ants, bees, and wasps". Current Biology. ج. 23 ع. 20: 2058–2062. Bibcode:2013CBio...23.2058J. DOI:10.1016/j.cub.2013.08.050. PMID:24094856.
Wilson EO، Carpenter FM، Brown WL (سبتمبر 1967). "The first mesozoic ants". Science. ج. 157 ع. 3792: 1038–1040. Bibcode:1967Sci...157.1038W. DOI:10.1126/science.157.3792.1038. PMID:17770424. S2CID:43155424.
Boudinot, Brendon E; Richter, Adrian; Katzke, Julian; Chaul, Júlio C M; Keller, Roberto A; Economo, Evan P; Beutel, Rolf Georg; Yamamoto, Shûhei (29 Jul 2022). "Evidence for the evolution of eusociality in stem ants and a systematic revision of † Gerontoformica (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)". Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society (بالإنجليزية). 195 (4): 1355–1389. DOI:10.1093/zoolinnean/zlab097. hdl:10451/55807. ISSN:0024-4082. Archived from the original on 2023-02-03.
Jouault, Corentin; Condamine, Fabien L.; Legendre, Frédéric; Perrichot, Vincent (11 Mar 2024). "The Angiosperm Terrestrial Revolution buffered ants against extinction". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America (بالإنجليزية). 121 (13). DOI:10.1073/pnas.2317795121. ISSN:0027-8424. Archived from the original on 2024-03-17. Retrieved 2024-03-16.
Grimaldi D، Agosti D (ديسمبر 2000). "A formicine in New Jersey cretaceous amber (Hymenoptera: formicidae) and early evolution of the ants". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. ج. 97 ع. 25: 13678–13683. Bibcode:2000PNAS...9713678G. DOI:10.1073/pnas.240452097. PMC:17635. PMID:11078527.
Moreau CS، Bell CD، Vila R، Archibald SB، Pierce NE (أبريل 2006). "Phylogeny of the ants: diversification in the age of angiosperms". Science. ج. 312 ع. 5770: 101–104. Bibcode:2006Sci...312..101M. DOI:10.1126/science.1124891. PMID:16601190. S2CID:20729380.
Wilson EO، Hölldobler B (مايو 2005). "The rise of the ants: a phylogenetic and ecological explanation". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. ج. 102 ع. 21: 7411–7414. Bibcode:2005PNAS..102.7411W. DOI:10.1073/pnas.0502264102. PMC:1140440. PMID:15899976.
LaPolla JS، Dlussky GM، Perrichot V (2013). "Ants and the fossil record". Annual Review of Entomology. ج. 58: 609–730. DOI:10.1146/annurev-ento-120710-100600. PMID:23317048. S2CID:40555356.
LaPolla JS، Dlussky GM، Perrichot V (2013). "Ants and the fossil record". Annual Review of Entomology. ج. 58: 609–730. DOI:10.1146/annurev-ento-120710-100600. PMID:23317048. S2CID:40555356.
Barden P، Grimaldi D (2012). "Rediscovery of the bizarre Cretaceous ant Haidomyrmex Dlussky (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), with two new species" (PDF). American Museum Novitates ع. 3755: 1–16. DOI:10.1206/3755.2. hdl:2246/6368. S2CID:83598305. مؤرشف من الأصل (PDF) في 2013-04-23. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2013-05-05.
Thorne BL (1997). "Evolution of eusociality in termites" (PDF). Annu. Rev. Ecol. Syst. ج. 28 ع. 5: 27–53. DOI:10.1146/annurev.ecolsys.28.1.27. PMC:349550. مؤرشف من الأصل (PDF) في 2010-05-30.
Fayle, Tom M.; Klimes, Petr (18 Oct 2022). "Improving estimates of global ant biomass and abundance". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (بالإنجليزية). 119 (42): e2214825119. Bibcode:2022PNAS..11914825F. DOI:10.1073/pnas.2214825119. ISSN:0027-8424. PMC:9586285. PMID:36197959.
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Schultheiss, Patrick; Nooten, Sabine S.; Wang, Runxi; Wong, Mark K. L.; Brassard, François; Guénard, Benoit (4 Oct 2022). "The abundance, biomass, and distribution of ants on Earth". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (بالإنجليزية). 119 (40): e2201550119. Bibcode:2022PNAS..11901550S. DOI:10.1073/pnas.2201550119. ISSN:0027-8424. PMC:9546634. PMID:36122199. S2CID:252381912.
Schaal, Stephan (27 يناير 2006). "Messel". Encyclopedia of Life Sciences. DOI:10.1038/npg.els.0004143. ISBN:978-0-470-01617-6.
Ouellette, Gary D.; Fisher, Brian L.; Girman, Derek J. (2006). "Molecular systematics of basal subfamilies of ants using 28S rRNA (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution (بالإنجليزية). 40 (2): 359–369. DOI:10.1016/j.ympev.2006.03.017. hdl:10211.1/1549. ISSN:1055-7903. PMID:16630727. Archived from the original on 2023-03-16.
Fent K، Wehner R (أبريل 1985). "Oceili: a celestial compass in the desert ant cataglyphis". Science. ج. 228 ع. 4696: 192–194. Bibcode:1985Sci...228..192F. DOI:10.1126/science.228.4696.192. PMID:17779641. S2CID:33242108.
Palavalli-Nettimi R، Narendra A (أبريل 2018). "Miniaturisation decreases visual navigational competence in ants". The Journal of Experimental Biology. ج. 221 ع. Pt 7: jeb177238. DOI:10.1242/jeb.177238. PMID:29487158.
Palavalli-Nettimi R، Narendra A (أبريل 2018). "Miniaturisation decreases visual navigational competence in ants". The Journal of Experimental Biology. ج. 221 ع. Pt 7: jeb177238. DOI:10.1242/jeb.177238. PMID:29487158.
Eriksson ES (1985). "Attack behaviour and distance perception in the Australian bulldog ant Myrmecia nigriceps" (PDF). Journal of Experimental Biology. ج. 119 ع. 1: 115–131. DOI:10.1242/jeb.119.1.115. مؤرشف (PDF) من الأصل في 2022-10-09.
Eisner T، Happ GM (1962). "The infrabuccal pocket of a formicine ant: a social filtration device". Psyche: A Journal of Entomology. ج. 69 ع. 3: 107–116. DOI:10.1155/1962/25068.
Wilson EO (يونيو 1953). "The origin and evolution of polymorphism in ants". The Quarterly Review of Biology. ج. 28 ع. 2: 136–156. DOI:10.1086/399512. PMID:13074471. S2CID:4560071.
Weber, NA (1946). "Dimorphism in the African Oecophylla worker and an anomaly (Hym.: Formicidae)" (PDF). Annals of the Entomological Society of America. ج. 39: 7–10. DOI:10.1093/aesa/39.1.7. مؤرشف (PDF) من الأصل في 2022-10-09.
Wilson EO، Taylor RW (1964). "A Fossil Ant Colony: New Evidence of Social Antiquity" (PDF). Psyche: A Journal of Entomology. ج. 71 ع. 2: 93–103. DOI:10.1155/1964/17612. مؤرشف (PDF) من الأصل في 2022-10-09.
Moffett MW، Tobin JE (1991). "Physical castes in ant workers: a problem for Daceton armigerum and other ants" (PDF). Psyche: A Journal of Entomology. ج. 98 ع. 4: 283–292. DOI:10.1155/1991/30265. مؤرشف من الأصل (PDF) في 2008-02-27.
Børgesen LW (2000). "Nutritional function of replete workers in the pharaoh's ant, Monomorium pharaonis (L.)". Insectes Sociaux. ج. 47 ع. 2: 141–146. DOI:10.1007/PL00001692. S2CID:31953751.
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