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Schmidt، C.A.؛ Shattuck، S. O. (18 يونيو 2014). "The Higher Classification of the Ant Subfamily Ponerinae (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), with a Review of Ponerine Ecology and Behavior". Zootaxa. ج. 3817 ع. 1: 1–242. DOI:10.11646/zootaxa.3817.1.1. PMID:24943802.