نياندرتال (Arabic Wikipedia)

Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "نياندرتال" in Arabic language version.

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ancientnews.net

archive.org

bbc.co.uk

bbc.com

bbc.com%2Fearth%2Fstory%2F20150805-neanderthals-strange-large-eyes&h=1AQEbpD4S

biodiversitylibrary.org

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doi.org

fsu.edu

people.sc.fsu.edu

genengnews.com

harvard.edu

ui.adsabs.harvard.edu

  • Francisco J Ayala (24 Jun 2003). "Genera of the human lineage". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America (بالإنجليزية). 100 (13): 7688. Bibcode:2003PNAS..100.7684C. DOI:10.1073/PNAS.0832372100. ISSN:0027-8424. PMC:164648. PMID:12794185. QID:Q28177674. (erratum)
  • Green RE، Krause J، Briggs AW، Maricic T، Stenzel U، Kircher M، Patterson N، Li H، Zhai W، Fritz MH، Hansen NF، Durand EY، Malaspinas AS، Jensen JD، Marques-Bonet T، Alkan C، Prüfer K، Meyer M، Burbano HA، Good JM، Schultz R، Aximu-Petri A، Butthof A، Höber B، Höffner B، Siegemund M، Weihmann A، Nusbaum C، Lander ES، Russ C، Novod N، Affourtit J، Egholm M، Verna C، Rudan P، Brajkovic D، Kucan Z، Gusic I، Doronichev VB، Golovanova LV، Lalueza-Fox C، de la Rasilla M، Fortea J، Rosas A، Schmitz RW، Johnson PL، Eichler EE، Falush D، Birney E، Mullikin JC، Slatkin M، Nielsen R، Kelso J، Lachmann M، Reich D، Pääbo S (7 مايو 2010). "Draft full sequence of Neanderthal Genome". Science. ج. 328 ع. 5979: 710–22. Bibcode:2010Sci...328..710G. DOI:10.1126/science.1188021. PMC:5100745. PMID:20448178.
  • Krings، Matthias؛ Stone، Anne؛ Schmitz، Ralf W؛ Krainitzki، Heike؛ Stoneking، Mark؛ Pääbo، Svante (1997). "Neandertal DNA Sequences and the Origin of Modern Humans". Cell. ج. 90 ع. 1: 19–30. DOI:10.1016/S0092-8674(00)80310-4. ISSN:0092-8674. PMID:9230299. M. Krings (1999). "DNA sequence of the mitochondrial hypervariable region II from the Neandertal type specimen". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA. ج. 96 ع. 10: 5581–85. Bibcode:1999PNAS...96.5581K. DOI:10.1073/pnas.96.10.5581. PMC:21903. PMID:10318927. P. Beerli؛ S.V. Edwards (2002). "When did Neanderthals and modern humans diverge?" (PDF). Evolutionary Anthropology. ج. 11 ع. S1: 60–63. DOI:10.1002/evan.10058. مؤرشف من الأصل (PDF) في 2017-08-13.
  • T. Higham؛ K. Douka؛ R. Wood؛ C.B. Ramsey؛ F. Brock؛ L. Basell؛ M. Camps؛ A. Arrizabalaga؛ J. Baena؛ C. Barroso-Ruíz؛ C. Bergman؛ C. Boitard؛ P. Boscato؛ M. Caparrós؛ N.J. Conard؛ C. Draily؛ A. Froment؛ B. Galván؛ P. Gambassini؛ A. Garcia-Moreno؛ S. Grimaldi؛ P. Haesaerts؛ B. Holt؛ M.-J. Iriarte-Chiapusso؛ A. Jelinek؛ J.F. Jordá Pardo؛ J.-M. Maíllo-Fernández؛ A. Marom؛ J. Maroto؛ M. Menéndez؛ L. Metz؛ E. Morin؛ A. Moroni؛ F. Negrino؛ E. Panagopoulou؛ M. Peresani؛ S. Pirson؛ M. de la Rasilla؛ J. Riel-Salvatore؛ A. Ronchitelli؛ D. Santamaria؛ P. Semal؛ L. Slimak؛ J. Soler؛ N. Soler؛ A. Villaluenga؛ R. Pinhasi؛ R. Jacobi (2014). "The timing and spatiotemporal patterning of Neanderthal disappearance". Nature. ج. 512 ع. 7514: 306–09. Bibcode:2014Natur.512..306H. DOI:10.1038/nature13621. PMID:25143113. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2020-03-08. We show that the Mousterian [the Neanderthal tool-making tradition] ended by 41,030–39,260 calibrated years BP (at 95.4% probability) across Europe. We also demonstrate that succeeding 'transitional' archaeological industries, one of which has been linked with Neanderthals (Châtelperronian), end at a similar time. T. Higham (2011). "European Middle and Upper Palaeolithic radiocarbon dates are often older than they look: problems with previous dates and some remedies" (PDF). Antiquity. ج. 85 ع. 327: 235–49. DOI:10.1017/s0003598x00067570. مؤرشف من الأصل (PDF) في 2022-04-07. Few events of European prehistory are more important than the transition from ancient to modern humans around 40 000 years ago, a period that unfortunately lies near the limit of radiocarbon dating. This paper shows that as many as 70 per cent of the oldest radiocarbon dates in the literature may be too young, due to contamination by modern carbon.

nrs.harvard.edu

jstor.org

nationalgeographic.com

nature.com

nih.gov

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

  • Francisco J Ayala (24 Jun 2003). "Genera of the human lineage". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America (بالإنجليزية). 100 (13): 7688. Bibcode:2003PNAS..100.7684C. DOI:10.1073/PNAS.0832372100. ISSN:0027-8424. PMC:164648. PMID:12794185. QID:Q28177674. (erratum)
  • Green RE، Krause J، Briggs AW، Maricic T، Stenzel U، Kircher M، Patterson N، Li H، Zhai W، Fritz MH، Hansen NF، Durand EY، Malaspinas AS، Jensen JD، Marques-Bonet T، Alkan C، Prüfer K، Meyer M، Burbano HA، Good JM، Schultz R، Aximu-Petri A، Butthof A، Höber B، Höffner B، Siegemund M، Weihmann A، Nusbaum C، Lander ES، Russ C، Novod N، Affourtit J، Egholm M، Verna C، Rudan P، Brajkovic D، Kucan Z، Gusic I، Doronichev VB، Golovanova LV، Lalueza-Fox C، de la Rasilla M، Fortea J، Rosas A، Schmitz RW، Johnson PL، Eichler EE، Falush D، Birney E، Mullikin JC، Slatkin M، Nielsen R، Kelso J، Lachmann M، Reich D، Pääbo S (7 مايو 2010). "Draft full sequence of Neanderthal Genome". Science. ج. 328 ع. 5979: 710–22. Bibcode:2010Sci...328..710G. DOI:10.1126/science.1188021. PMC:5100745. PMID:20448178.
  • Sankararaman، Sriram؛ Mallick، Swapan؛ Patterson، Nick؛ Reich، David (2016). "The Combined Landscape of Denisovan and Neanderthal Ancestry in Present-Day Humans". Current Biology. ج. 26 ع. 9: 1241–47. DOI:10.1016/j.cub.2016.03.037. ISSN:0960-9822. PMC:4864120. PMID:27032491.
  • S. Sankararaman؛ S. Mallick؛ M. Dannemann؛ K. Prüfer؛ J. Kelso؛ N. Patterson؛ D. Reich (2014). "The landscape of Neandertal ancestry in present-day humans". Nature. ج. 507 ع. 7492: 354–57. DOI:10.1038/nature12961. PMC:4072735. PMID:24476815.
  • Krings، Matthias؛ Stone، Anne؛ Schmitz، Ralf W؛ Krainitzki، Heike؛ Stoneking، Mark؛ Pääbo، Svante (1997). "Neandertal DNA Sequences and the Origin of Modern Humans". Cell. ج. 90 ع. 1: 19–30. DOI:10.1016/S0092-8674(00)80310-4. ISSN:0092-8674. PMID:9230299. M. Krings (1999). "DNA sequence of the mitochondrial hypervariable region II from the Neandertal type specimen". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA. ج. 96 ع. 10: 5581–85. Bibcode:1999PNAS...96.5581K. DOI:10.1073/pnas.96.10.5581. PMC:21903. PMID:10318927. P. Beerli؛ S.V. Edwards (2002). "When did Neanderthals and modern humans diverge?" (PDF). Evolutionary Anthropology. ج. 11 ع. S1: 60–63. DOI:10.1002/evan.10058. مؤرشف من الأصل (PDF) في 2017-08-13.
  • 295–498 ka. A. Rieux (2014). "Improved calibration of the human mitochondrial clock using ancient genomes". Molecular Biology and Evolution. ج. 31 ع. 10: 2780–92. DOI:10.1093/molbev/msu222. PMC:4166928. PMID:25100861.

nytimes.com

pravda.ru

english.pravda.ru

quantamagazine.org

  • Alan R. Rogers, Ryan J. Bohlender, Chad D. Huff, "Early history of Neanderthals and Denisovans", PNAS 114 (37), September 12, 2017, 9859–63, دُوِي:10.1073/pnas.1706426114; see also: Jordana Cepelewicz, "Genetics Spills Secrets From Neanderthals' Lost History," Quanta Magazine, September 18, 2017. "The dating of that schism between the Neanderthals and the Denisovans is surprising because previous research had pegged it as much more recent: a 2016 study, for instance, set it at only 450,000 years ago. An earlier separation means we should expect to find many more fossils of both eventually. It also changes the interpretation of some fossils that have been found. Take the large-brained hominid bones belonging to a species called Homo heidelbergensis, which lived in Europe and Asia around 600,000 years ago. Paleoanthropologists have disagreed about how they relate to other human groups, some positing they were ancestors of both modern humans and Neanderthals, others that they were a nonancestral species replaced by the Neanderthals, who spread across Europe." نسخة محفوظة 25 أبريل 2019 على موقع واي باك مشين.

researchgate.net

  • T. Higham؛ K. Douka؛ R. Wood؛ C.B. Ramsey؛ F. Brock؛ L. Basell؛ M. Camps؛ A. Arrizabalaga؛ J. Baena؛ C. Barroso-Ruíz؛ C. Bergman؛ C. Boitard؛ P. Boscato؛ M. Caparrós؛ N.J. Conard؛ C. Draily؛ A. Froment؛ B. Galván؛ P. Gambassini؛ A. Garcia-Moreno؛ S. Grimaldi؛ P. Haesaerts؛ B. Holt؛ M.-J. Iriarte-Chiapusso؛ A. Jelinek؛ J.F. Jordá Pardo؛ J.-M. Maíllo-Fernández؛ A. Marom؛ J. Maroto؛ M. Menéndez؛ L. Metz؛ E. Morin؛ A. Moroni؛ F. Negrino؛ E. Panagopoulou؛ M. Peresani؛ S. Pirson؛ M. de la Rasilla؛ J. Riel-Salvatore؛ A. Ronchitelli؛ D. Santamaria؛ P. Semal؛ L. Slimak؛ J. Soler؛ N. Soler؛ A. Villaluenga؛ R. Pinhasi؛ R. Jacobi (2014). "The timing and spatiotemporal patterning of Neanderthal disappearance". Nature. ج. 512 ع. 7514: 306–09. Bibcode:2014Natur.512..306H. DOI:10.1038/nature13621. PMID:25143113. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2020-03-08. We show that the Mousterian [the Neanderthal tool-making tradition] ended by 41,030–39,260 calibrated years BP (at 95.4% probability) across Europe. We also demonstrate that succeeding 'transitional' archaeological industries, one of which has been linked with Neanderthals (Châtelperronian), end at a similar time. T. Higham (2011). "European Middle and Upper Palaeolithic radiocarbon dates are often older than they look: problems with previous dates and some remedies" (PDF). Antiquity. ج. 85 ع. 327: 235–49. DOI:10.1017/s0003598x00067570. مؤرشف من الأصل (PDF) في 2022-04-07. Few events of European prehistory are more important than the transition from ancient to modern humans around 40 000 years ago, a period that unfortunately lies near the limit of radiocarbon dating. This paper shows that as many as 70 per cent of the oldest radiocarbon dates in the literature may be too young, due to contamination by modern carbon.

s3.amazonaws.com

scientificamerican.com

semanticscholar.org

skynewsarabia.com

talkorigins.org

web.archive.org

wikidata.org

  • Francisco J Ayala (24 Jun 2003). "Genera of the human lineage". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America (بالإنجليزية). 100 (13): 7688. Bibcode:2003PNAS..100.7684C. DOI:10.1073/PNAS.0832372100. ISSN:0027-8424. PMC:164648. PMID:12794185. QID:Q28177674. (erratum)
  • 410–440 ka P. Endicott؛ S.Y.W. Ho؛ C. Stringer  [لغات أخرى]‏ (2010). "Using genetic evidence to evaluate four palaeoanthropological hypotheses for the timing of Neanderthal and modern human origins" (PDF). Journal of Human Evolution. ج. 59 ع. 1: 87–95. DOI:10.1016/j.jhevol.2010.04.005. PMID:20510437. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2017-09-10.{{استشهاد بدورية محكمة}}: صيانة الاستشهاد: أسماء عددية: قائمة المؤلفين (link) صيانة الاستشهاد: أسماء متعددة: قائمة المؤلفين (link) صيانة الاستشهاد: علامات ترقيم زائدة (link)

worldcat.org

yorku.ca