Makedoniyalı İsgəndər (Azerbaijani Wikipedia)

Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "Makedoniyalı İsgəndər" in Azerbaijani language version.

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"Ahmedi, Taceddin" (az.). academic.ru. 2015-05-25. 2015-05-25 tarixində arxivləşdirilib. İstifadə tarixi: 2015-05-25.

amazon.com

– Alexander the Great: "Youths of the Pellaians and of the Macedonians and of the Hellenic Amphictiony and of the Lakedaimonians and of the Corinthians… and of all the Hellenic peoples, join your fellow-soldiers and entrust yourselves to me, so that we can move against the barbarians and liberate ourselves from the Persian bondage, for as Greeks we should not be slaves to barbarians." Arxivləşdirilib 2018-12-11 at the Wayback Machine Pseudo-Kallisthenes, Historia Alexandri Magni, 1.15.1–4
– Alexander the Great: "Now you fear punishment and beg for your lives, so I will let you free, if not for any other reason so that you can see the difference between a Greek king and a barbarian tyrant, so do not expect to suffer any harm from me. A king does not kill messengers." Arxivləşdirilib 2018-12-11 at the Wayback Machine Historia Alexandri Magni of Pseudo-Kallisthenes, 1.37.9–13
– Alexander the Great addressing his troops prior to the Battle of Issus: "There are Greek troops, to be sure, in Persian service — but how different is their cause from ours! They will be fighting for pay — and not much of at that; we, on the contrary, shall fight for Greece, and our hearts will be in it." Arxivləşdirilib 2018-12-11 at the Wayback Machine Anabasis Alexandri by Roman historian Arrian, Book II, 7
– Alexander's letter to Persian king Darius in response to a truce plea: "Your ancestors came to Macedonia and the rest of Hellas (Greece) and did us great harm, though we had done them no prior injury. I have been appointed leader of the Greeks, and wanting to punish the Persians I have come to Asia, which I took from you." Arxivləşdirilib 2018-12-11 at the Wayback Machine Anabasis Alexandri by Arrian; translated as Anabasis of Alexander by P. A. Brunt, for the "Loeb Edition" Book II 14, 4
- Alexander the Great: "If it were not my purpose to combine barbarian things with things Hellenic (Greek), to traverse and civilize every continent, to search out the uttermost parts of land and sea, to push the bounds of Macedonia to the farthest Ocean, and to disseminate and shower the blessings of the Hellenic justice and peace over every nation, I should not be content to sit quietly in the luxury of idle power, but I should emulate the frugality of Diogenes. But as things are, forgive me Diogenes, that I imitate Herakles, and emulate Perseus, and follow in the footsteps of Dionysos, the divine author and progenitor of my family, and desire that victorious Hellenes should dance again in India and revive the memory of the Bacchic revels among the savage mountain tribes beyond the Kaukasos." ^{[ölü keçid]} On the Fortune of Alexander by Plutarch, 332 a-b
– Alexander addressing the dead Hellenes (the Athenian and Thebean Greeks) of the Battle of Chaeronea: "Holy shadows of the dead, I'm not to blame for your cruel and bitter fate, but the accursed rivalry which brought sister nations and brother people, to fight one another. I do not feel happy for this victory of mine. On the contrary, I would be glad, brothers, if I had all of you standing here next to me, since we are united by the same language, the same blood and the same visions." Arxivləşdirilib 2018-12-11 at the Wayback Machine Historiae Alexandri Magni by Quintus Curtius Rufus
- Alexander I of Macedon, ancestor of Alexander the Great, member of the Argead dynasty: "Tell your king (Xerxes), who sent you, how his Greek viceroy of Macedonia has received you hospitably." Herodotus, Histories, 5.20.4, Loeb
- Alexander I of Macedon, ancestor of Alexander the Great, member of the Argead dynasty, when he was admitted to the Olympic games: "Men of Athens… In truth I would not tell it to you if I did not care so much for all Hellas; I myself am by ancient descent a Greek, and I would not willingly see Hellas change her freedom for slavery. I tell you, then, that Mardonius and his army cannot get omens to his liking from the sacrifices. Otherwise you would have fought long before this. Now, however, it is his purpose to pay no heed to the sacrifices, and to attack at the first glimmer of dawn, for he fears, as I surmise, that your numbers will become still greater. Therefore, I urge you to prepare, and if (as may be) Mardonius should delay and not attack, wait patiently where you are; for he has but a few days' provisions left. If, however, this war ends as you wish, then must you take thought how to save me too from slavery, who have done so desperate a deed as this for the sake of Hellas in my desire to declare to you Mardonius' intent so that the barbarians may not attack you suddenly before you yet expect them. I who speak am Alexander the Macedonian." Herodotus, Histories, 9.45 (ed. A. D. Godley)
– Ian Worthington, English historian and archaeologist: "Not much need to be said about the Greekness of ancient Macedonia: it is undeniable." Arxivləşdirilib 2014-10-12 at the Wayback Machine Ian Worthington, Philip II of Macedonia, Yale University Press, 2008
- Ulrich Wilcken: "When we take into account the political conditions, religion and morals of the Macedonians, our conviction is strengthened that they were a Greek race and akin to the Dorians. Having stayed behind in the extreme north, they were unable to participate in the progressive civilization of the tribes which went further south." Ulrich Wilcken, Alexander the Great, p. 22
- Strabo: "And Macedonia, of course, is a part of Greece." Strabo. VII, Frg. 9 (Loeb, H. L. Jones)
- Herodotus: "Now that these descendants of Perdiccas (Perdiccas I of Macedon, King of Macedonia from about 700 BCE to about 678 BCE) are Greeks, as they themselves say, I myself chance to know and will prove it in the later part of my history." Herodotus, Book 5, Ch. 22, 1 (Loeb)
- Josephus: "And when the book of Daniel was showed to Alexander the Great, where Daniel declared that one of the Greeks should destroy the empire of the Persians, he supposed that himself was the person intended; and as he was then glad, he dismissed the multitude for the present." Josephus 11.8.5
– Arrian: "There a man appeared to them wearing a Greek cloak and dressed otherwise in the Greek fashion, and speaking Greek also. Those Macedonians who first sighted him said that they burst into teers, so strange did it seem after all these miseries to see a Greek, and to hear Greek spoken." Arxivləşdirilib 2014-10-01 at the Wayback Machine Arrian: Anabasis Alexandri: Book VIII (Indica)
- Titus Livius: "The Aitolians, the Akarnanians, the Macedonians, men of the same speech, are united or disunited by trivial causes that arise from time to time; with aliens, with barbarians, all Greeks wage and will wage eternal war; for they are enemies by the will of nature, which is eternal, and not from reasons that change from day to day." Titus Livius, Liber XXXI, 29, 15
- David H. Levinson: "It should be noted that there is no connection between the Macedonians of the time of Alexander the Great who were related to other Hellenic tribes and the Macedonians of today, who are of Slavic Origin and related to the Bulgarians." Arxivləşdirilib 2018-01-11 at the Wayback Machine Encyclopedia of World Cultures (1991), by David H. Levinson, page 239.
- Nicholas Hammond: "Philip was born a Greek of the most aristocratic, indeed of divine, descent… Philip was both a Greek and a Macedonian, even as Demosthenes was a Greek and an Athenian… The Macedonians over whom Philip was to rule were an outlying family member of the Greek-speaking peoples." Nicholas Hummond, Philip of Macedon, Duckworth Publishing, 1998
- Nicholas Hammond: "All in all, the language of the Macedones was a distinct and particular form of Greek, resistant to outside influnces and conservative in pronunciation. It remained so until the fourth century when it was almost totally submerged by the flood tide of standardized Greek." Nicholas Hummond, A History of Macedonia Vol ii, 550–336 BC
- Nicholas Hammond: "As members of the Greek race and speakers of the Greek language, the Macedonians shared in the ability to initiate ideas and create political forms." Nicholas Hummond, The Miracle that was Macedonia, 1992, p. 206
— M. Opperman, The Oxford Classical Dictionary 3rd ed. (1996) — Macedonia, Cults, page 905: "Nowadays historians generally agree that the Macedonian ethnos form part of the Greek ethnos; hence they also shared in the common religious and cultural features of the Hellenic world"
- Robin Lane Fox: 1) "Alexander was still the Greek avenger of Persian sacrilege who told his troops, it was said 'that Persepolis was the most hateful city in the world'. On the road there, he met with the families of Greeks who had deported to Persia by previous kings, and true to his slogan, he honoured them conspicuously, giving them money, five changes of clothing, farm animals, corn, a free passage home, and exemption from taxes and bureaucratic harassments." p. 256,
2) "To his ancestors (to a Persian's ancestors) Macedonians were only known as 'yona takabara', the 'Greeks who wear shields on their heads', an allusion to their broad-brimmed hats." p. 104,
3) "Alexander was not the first Greek to be honoured as a god for political favour." p. 131,
4) "In spirit, Alexander made a gesture to the Lydians' sensitivities, though his Greek crusade owed them nothing as they were not Greeks." p. 128. Robin Lane Fox, Alexander the Great, Penguin Books, UK, 1997
– Katheryn A. Bard: "The Macedonians were originally one of several Greek tribes living on the northern frontier of the Hellenic world." Arxivləşdirilib 2014-10-12 at the Wayback Machine Katheryn A. Bard, Encyclopaedia of the Archaeology of Ancient Egypt, Taylor & Francis, 1999, p. 460.
– Benjamin Ide Wheeler: "That the Macedonians were Greek by race there can be no longer any doubt. They were the northernmost fragments of the race left stranded behind the barriers." Arxivləşdirilib 2022-03-27 at the Wayback Machine Benjamin Ide Wheeler, Alexander the Great: The Merging of East and West in Universal History, Elibron Classics, 2011

archive.org

Zacharia, 2008, Simon Hornblower, "Greek Identity in the Archaic and Classical Periods", pp. 55–58; Joint Association of Classical Teachers, 1984. səh. 50–51; Errington, 1990; Fine, 1983. səh. 607–608; Hall, 2000. səh. 64; Hammond, 2001. səh. 11; Jones, 2001. səh. 21; Osborne, 2004. səh. 127; Hammond, 1989. səh. 12–13; Hammond, 1993. səh. 97; Starr, 1991. səh. 260, 367; Toynbee, 1981. səh. 67; Worthington, 2008. səh. 8, 219; Chamoux, 2002. səh. 8; Cawkwell, 1978. səh. 22; Perlman, 1973. səh. 78; Hamilton, 1974, Chapter 2: The Macedonian Homeland, p. 23; Bryant, 1996. səh. 306; O'Brien, 1994. səh. 25. Hammond, NGL. The Macedonian State: Origins, Institutions, and History. Oxford University Press. 1989. ISBN 0-19-814883-6.

archive.today

Waterman, Leroy; McDowell, Robert H.; Hopkins, Clark. "Seleucia on the Tigris, Iraq". umich.edu. The Kelsey Online. 1998. 27 May 2012 tarixində orijinalından arxivləşdirilib. İstifadə tarixi: 16 December 2011.

bbc.co.uk

"Alexander the Great (356–323 BC)". UK: BBC. 2016-11-19 tarixində arxivləşdirilib. İstifadə tarixi: 2015-02-17.
"Arxivlənmiş surət". 2018-12-04 tarixində arxivləşdirilib. İstifadə tarixi: 2015-04-04.

books.google.com

Alexander of Macedon, 356–323 B.C.: a historical biography.
Roisman, Worthington, 2010. səh. 171 Roisman, Joseph; Worthington, Ian, A Companion to Ancient Macedonia, John Wiley & Sons, 2010, ISBN 1-4051-7936-8
Roisman, Worthington, 2010. səh. 188 Roisman, Joseph; Worthington, Ian, A Companion to Ancient Macedonia, John Wiley & Sons, 2010, ISBN 1-4051-7936-8
Roisman, Worthington, 2010. səh. 186 Roisman, Joseph; Worthington, Ian, A Companion to Ancient Macedonia, John Wiley & Sons, 2010, ISBN 1-4051-7936-8
Roisman, Worthington, 2010. səh. 179 Roisman, Joseph; Worthington, Ian, A Companion to Ancient Macedonia, John Wiley & Sons, 2010, ISBN 1-4051-7936-8
Roisman, Worthington, 2010. səh. 180 Roisman, Joseph; Worthington, Ian, A Companion to Ancient Macedonia, John Wiley & Sons, 2010, ISBN 1-4051-7936-8
Roisman, Worthington, 2010. səh. 190 Roisman, Joseph; Worthington, Ian, A Companion to Ancient Macedonia, John Wiley & Sons, 2010, ISBN 1-4051-7936-8
Roisman, Worthington, 2010. səh. 190 Roisman, Joseph; Worthington, Ian, A Companion to Ancient Macedonia, John Wiley & Sons, 2010, ISBN 1-4051-7936-8
Roisman, Worthington, 2010. səh. 192 Roisman, Joseph; Worthington, Ian, A Companion to Ancient Macedonia, John Wiley & Sons, 2010, ISBN 1-4051-7936-8
Roisman, Worthington, 2010. səh. 199 Roisman, Joseph; Worthington, Ian, A Companion to Ancient Macedonia, John Wiley & Sons, 2010, ISBN 1-4051-7936-8
Foreman, 2004. səh. 152 Foreman, Laura, Alexander the conqueror: the epic story of the warrior king, Da Capo Press, 2004, səh. 217, ISBN 978-0-306-81293-4
Hammond, 1983. səh. 72–73 Hammond, NGL, Sources for Alexander the Great, Cambridge University Press, 1983, ISBN 978-0-521-71471-6
Heckel, Tritle, 2009. səh. 47–48 Heckel, Waldemar; Tritle, Lawrence A, redaktorlar Alexander the Great: A New History, Wiley-Blackwell, 2009, 47–48, ISBN 978-1-4051-3082-0
Roisman, Worthington, 2010. səh. 201 Roisman, Joseph; Worthington, Ian, A Companion to Ancient Macedonia, John Wiley & Sons, 2010, ISBN 1-4051-7936-8
Roisman, Worthington, 2010. səh. 202 Roisman, Joseph; Worthington, Ian, A Companion to Ancient Macedonia, John Wiley & Sons, 2010, ISBN 1-4051-7936-8
Roisman, Worthington, 2010. səh. 203 Roisman, Joseph; Worthington, Ian, A Companion to Ancient Macedonia, John Wiley & Sons, 2010, ISBN 1-4051-7936-8
Roisman, Worthington, 2010. səh. 205 Roisman, Joseph; Worthington, Ian, A Companion to Ancient Macedonia, John Wiley & Sons, 2010, ISBN 1-4051-7936-8
Tripathi, 1999. səh. 118–21 Tripathi, Rama Shankar, History of Ancient India, 1999, ISBN 978-81-208-0018-2
Tripathi, 1999. səh. 124–25 Tripathi, Rama Shankar, History of Ancient India, 1999, ISBN 978-81-208-0018-2
Tripathi, 1999. səh. 126–27 Tripathi, Rama Shankar, History of Ancient India, 1999, ISBN 978-81-208-0018-2
Worthington, 2003. səh. 175 Worthington, Ian, Alexander the Great: A Reader, Routledge, 2003, səh. 332, ISBN 0-415-29187-9
Tripathi, 1999. səh. 129–30 Tripathi, Rama Shankar, History of Ancient India, 1999, ISBN 978-81-208-0018-2
Tripathi, 1999. səh. 137–38 Tripathi, Rama Shankar, History of Ancient India, 1999, ISBN 978-81-208-0018-2
Tripathi, 1999. səh. 141 Tripathi, Rama Shankar, History of Ancient India, 1999, ISBN 978-81-208-0018-2
Worthington, 2003. səh. 307–308 Worthington, Ian, Alexander the Great: A Reader, Routledge, 2003, səh. 332, ISBN 0-415-29187-9
Roisman, Worthington, 2010. səh. 194 Roisman, Joseph; Worthington, Ian, A Companion to Ancient Macedonia, John Wiley & Sons, 2010, ISBN 1-4051-7936-8
Berkley, 2006. səh. 101 Berkley, Grant, Moses in the Hieroglyphs, Trafford, 2006, ISBN 1-4120-5600-4, İstifadə tarixi: 13 January 2011
Wood, 2001. səh. 2267–70 Wood, Michael, In the Footsteps of Alexander the Great: A Journey from Greece to Asia, University of California Press, 2001, ISBN 978-0-520-23192-4
McKechnie, 1989. səh. 54 McKechnie, Paul, Outsiders in the Greek cities in the fourth century BC, Taylor & Francis, 1989, səh. 54, ISBN 0-415-00340-7, İstifadə tarixi: 28 December 2010
Roisman, Worthington, 2010. səh. 193 Roisman, Joseph; Worthington, Ian, A Companion to Ancient Macedonia, John Wiley & Sons, 2010, ISBN 1-4051-7936-8
Roisman, Worthington, 2010. səh. 195 Roisman, Joseph; Worthington, Ian, A Companion to Ancient Macedonia, John Wiley & Sons, 2010, ISBN 1-4051-7936-8
Harrison, 1971. səh. 51 Harrison, EF, The language of the New Testament, Wm B Eerdmans, 1971, səh. 508, ISBN 0-8028-4786-2
Gabriel, 2002. səh. 277 Gabriel, Richard A, The army of Byzantium // The Great Armies of Antiquity, Greenwood, 2002, səh. 277, ISBN 0-275-97809-5
Baynes, 2007. səh. 170 Baynes, Norman G, Byzantine art // Byzantium: An Introduction to East Roman Civilization, Baynes, 2007, səh. 170, ISBN 978-1-4067-5659-3
Cambon, Jarrige, 2006. səh. 269 Cambon, Pierre; Jarrige, Jean-François, Afghanistan, les trésors retrouvés: Collections du Musée national de Kaboul (French), Réunion des musées nationaux, 2006, səh. 297, ISBN 978-2-7118-5218-5
Roisman, Worthington, 2010, Chapter 6, p. 114 Roisman, Joseph; Worthington, Ian, A Companion to Ancient Macedonia, John Wiley & Sons, 2010, ISBN 1-4051-7936-8
2 ">Roisman, Worthington, 2010, Chapter 6, p. 115 Roisman, Joseph; Worthington, Ian, A Companion to Ancient Macedonia, John Wiley & Sons, 2010, ISBN 1-4051-7936-8
Roisman, Worthington, 2010. səh. 187 Roisman, Joseph; Worthington, Ian, A Companion to Ancient Macedonia, John Wiley & Sons, 2010, ISBN 1-4051-7936-8
Roisman, Worthington, 2010, Chapter 6, 117 Roisman, Joseph; Worthington, Ian, A Companion to Ancient Macedonia, John Wiley & Sons, 2010, ISBN 1-4051-7936-8
A. B. Bosworth. Alexander and the East: The Tragedy of Triumph. Clarendon Press. 1996. səh. 104. ISBN 978-0-19-814991-0. 2016-03-04 tarixində arxivləşdirilib. İstifadə tarixi: 2015-05-20. In his remorse, so Anaxarchus maintained, the king has adopted the posture of a slave, contradicting his real status as master of the universe.
Fermor, 2006. səh. 215 Fermor, Patrick Leigh. "Mani: Travels in the Southern Peloponnese". New York Book Review. 2006: 358. ISBN 1-59017-188-8.
Curtis, Tallis və Andre-Salvini, 2005. səh. 154 Curtis, J; Tallis, N; Andre-Salvini, B, Forgotten empire: the world of ancient Persia, University of California Press, 2005, səh. 272, ISBN 0-520-24731-0
Roisman, Worthington, 2010, Chapter 6, 120 Roisman, Joseph; Worthington, Ian, A Companion to Ancient Macedonia, John Wiley & Sons, 2010, ISBN 1-4051-7936-8
Fischer, 2004. səh. 66 Fischer, MMJ, Mute dreams, blind owls, and dispersed knowledges: Persian poesis in the transnational circuitry, Duke University Press, 2004, səh. 474, ISBN 0-8223-3298-1
Roisman, Worthington, 2010, Chapter 6, 122 Roisman, Joseph; Worthington, Ian, A Companion to Ancient Macedonia, John Wiley & Sons, 2010, ISBN 1-4051-7936-8
Connerney, 2009. səh. 68 Connerney, RD, The upside-down tree: India's changing culture, Algora, 2009, səh. 214, ISBN 0-87586-649-2

cassucsd.edu

"Bayfront Byline Bug Walk". UCSD. Mar 1996. 3 December 2012 tarixində arxivləşdirilib. İstifadə tarixi: 25 March 2013.

doi.org

Schep LJ, Slaughter RJ, Vale JA, Wheatley P. "Was the death of Alexander the Great due to poisoning? Was it Veratrum album?". Clinical Toxicology. 52 (1). January 2014: 72–7. doi:10.3109/15563650.2013.870341. ISSN 1556-3650. PMID 24369045.
Oldach, DW; Richard, RE; Borza, EN; Benitez, RM. "A mysterious death". N. Engl. J. Med. 338 (24). June 1998: 1764–69. doi:10.1056/NEJM199806113382411. PMID 9625631. 2023-07-27 tarixində arxivləşdirilib. İstifadə tarixi: 2015-02-17.
Ashrafian, H. "The death of Alexander the Great—a spinal twist of fate". J Hist Neurosci. 13 (2). 2004: 138–42. doi:10.1080/0964704049052157. PMID 15370319.
Marr, John S; Calisher, Charles H. "Alexander the Great and West Nile Virus Encephalitis" (PDF). Emerging Infectious Diseases. 9 (12). 2003: 1599–1603. doi:10.3201/eid0912.030288. PMC 3034319. PMID 14725285. 5 February 2016 tarixində arxivləşdirilib (PDF). İstifadə tarixi: 23 December 2012.
Sbarounis, CN. "Did Alexander the Great die of acute pancreatitis?". J Clin Gastroenterol. 24 (4). 2007: 294–96. doi:10.1097/00004836-199706000-00031. PMID 9252868.
Bieber, M. "The Portraits of Alexander". Greece & Rome, Second Series. 12.2. 1965: 183–188. doi:10.1017/s0017383500015345.

fordham.edu

– Alexander the Great: "Youths of the Pellaians and of the Macedonians and of the Hellenic Amphictiony and of the Lakedaimonians and of the Corinthians… and of all the Hellenic peoples, join your fellow-soldiers and entrust yourselves to me, so that we can move against the barbarians and liberate ourselves from the Persian bondage, for as Greeks we should not be slaves to barbarians." Arxivləşdirilib 2018-12-11 at the Wayback Machine Pseudo-Kallisthenes, Historia Alexandri Magni, 1.15.1–4
– Alexander the Great: "Now you fear punishment and beg for your lives, so I will let you free, if not for any other reason so that you can see the difference between a Greek king and a barbarian tyrant, so do not expect to suffer any harm from me. A king does not kill messengers." Arxivləşdirilib 2018-12-11 at the Wayback Machine Historia Alexandri Magni of Pseudo-Kallisthenes, 1.37.9–13
– Alexander the Great addressing his troops prior to the Battle of Issus: "There are Greek troops, to be sure, in Persian service — but how different is their cause from ours! They will be fighting for pay — and not much of at that; we, on the contrary, shall fight for Greece, and our hearts will be in it." Arxivləşdirilib 2018-12-11 at the Wayback Machine Anabasis Alexandri by Roman historian Arrian, Book II, 7
– Alexander's letter to Persian king Darius in response to a truce plea: "Your ancestors came to Macedonia and the rest of Hellas (Greece) and did us great harm, though we had done them no prior injury. I have been appointed leader of the Greeks, and wanting to punish the Persians I have come to Asia, which I took from you." Arxivləşdirilib 2018-12-11 at the Wayback Machine Anabasis Alexandri by Arrian; translated as Anabasis of Alexander by P. A. Brunt, for the "Loeb Edition" Book II 14, 4
- Alexander the Great: "If it were not my purpose to combine barbarian things with things Hellenic (Greek), to traverse and civilize every continent, to search out the uttermost parts of land and sea, to push the bounds of Macedonia to the farthest Ocean, and to disseminate and shower the blessings of the Hellenic justice and peace over every nation, I should not be content to sit quietly in the luxury of idle power, but I should emulate the frugality of Diogenes. But as things are, forgive me Diogenes, that I imitate Herakles, and emulate Perseus, and follow in the footsteps of Dionysos, the divine author and progenitor of my family, and desire that victorious Hellenes should dance again in India and revive the memory of the Bacchic revels among the savage mountain tribes beyond the Kaukasos." ^{[ölü keçid]} On the Fortune of Alexander by Plutarch, 332 a-b
– Alexander addressing the dead Hellenes (the Athenian and Thebean Greeks) of the Battle of Chaeronea: "Holy shadows of the dead, I'm not to blame for your cruel and bitter fate, but the accursed rivalry which brought sister nations and brother people, to fight one another. I do not feel happy for this victory of mine. On the contrary, I would be glad, brothers, if I had all of you standing here next to me, since we are united by the same language, the same blood and the same visions." Arxivləşdirilib 2018-12-11 at the Wayback Machine Historiae Alexandri Magni by Quintus Curtius Rufus
- Alexander I of Macedon, ancestor of Alexander the Great, member of the Argead dynasty: "Tell your king (Xerxes), who sent you, how his Greek viceroy of Macedonia has received you hospitably." Herodotus, Histories, 5.20.4, Loeb
- Alexander I of Macedon, ancestor of Alexander the Great, member of the Argead dynasty, when he was admitted to the Olympic games: "Men of Athens… In truth I would not tell it to you if I did not care so much for all Hellas; I myself am by ancient descent a Greek, and I would not willingly see Hellas change her freedom for slavery. I tell you, then, that Mardonius and his army cannot get omens to his liking from the sacrifices. Otherwise you would have fought long before this. Now, however, it is his purpose to pay no heed to the sacrifices, and to attack at the first glimmer of dawn, for he fears, as I surmise, that your numbers will become still greater. Therefore, I urge you to prepare, and if (as may be) Mardonius should delay and not attack, wait patiently where you are; for he has but a few days' provisions left. If, however, this war ends as you wish, then must you take thought how to save me too from slavery, who have done so desperate a deed as this for the sake of Hellas in my desire to declare to you Mardonius' intent so that the barbarians may not attack you suddenly before you yet expect them. I who speak am Alexander the Macedonian." Herodotus, Histories, 9.45 (ed. A. D. Godley)
– Ian Worthington, English historian and archaeologist: "Not much need to be said about the Greekness of ancient Macedonia: it is undeniable." Arxivləşdirilib 2014-10-12 at the Wayback Machine Ian Worthington, Philip II of Macedonia, Yale University Press, 2008
- Ulrich Wilcken: "When we take into account the political conditions, religion and morals of the Macedonians, our conviction is strengthened that they were a Greek race and akin to the Dorians. Having stayed behind in the extreme north, they were unable to participate in the progressive civilization of the tribes which went further south." Ulrich Wilcken, Alexander the Great, p. 22
- Strabo: "And Macedonia, of course, is a part of Greece." Strabo. VII, Frg. 9 (Loeb, H. L. Jones)
- Herodotus: "Now that these descendants of Perdiccas (Perdiccas I of Macedon, King of Macedonia from about 700 BCE to about 678 BCE) are Greeks, as they themselves say, I myself chance to know and will prove it in the later part of my history." Herodotus, Book 5, Ch. 22, 1 (Loeb)
- Josephus: "And when the book of Daniel was showed to Alexander the Great, where Daniel declared that one of the Greeks should destroy the empire of the Persians, he supposed that himself was the person intended; and as he was then glad, he dismissed the multitude for the present." Josephus 11.8.5
– Arrian: "There a man appeared to them wearing a Greek cloak and dressed otherwise in the Greek fashion, and speaking Greek also. Those Macedonians who first sighted him said that they burst into teers, so strange did it seem after all these miseries to see a Greek, and to hear Greek spoken." Arxivləşdirilib 2014-10-01 at the Wayback Machine Arrian: Anabasis Alexandri: Book VIII (Indica)
- Titus Livius: "The Aitolians, the Akarnanians, the Macedonians, men of the same speech, are united or disunited by trivial causes that arise from time to time; with aliens, with barbarians, all Greeks wage and will wage eternal war; for they are enemies by the will of nature, which is eternal, and not from reasons that change from day to day." Titus Livius, Liber XXXI, 29, 15
- David H. Levinson: "It should be noted that there is no connection between the Macedonians of the time of Alexander the Great who were related to other Hellenic tribes and the Macedonians of today, who are of Slavic Origin and related to the Bulgarians." Arxivləşdirilib 2018-01-11 at the Wayback Machine Encyclopedia of World Cultures (1991), by David H. Levinson, page 239.
- Nicholas Hammond: "Philip was born a Greek of the most aristocratic, indeed of divine, descent… Philip was both a Greek and a Macedonian, even as Demosthenes was a Greek and an Athenian… The Macedonians over whom Philip was to rule were an outlying family member of the Greek-speaking peoples." Nicholas Hummond, Philip of Macedon, Duckworth Publishing, 1998
- Nicholas Hammond: "All in all, the language of the Macedones was a distinct and particular form of Greek, resistant to outside influnces and conservative in pronunciation. It remained so until the fourth century when it was almost totally submerged by the flood tide of standardized Greek." Nicholas Hummond, A History of Macedonia Vol ii, 550–336 BC
- Nicholas Hammond: "As members of the Greek race and speakers of the Greek language, the Macedonians shared in the ability to initiate ideas and create political forms." Nicholas Hummond, The Miracle that was Macedonia, 1992, p. 206
— M. Opperman, The Oxford Classical Dictionary 3rd ed. (1996) — Macedonia, Cults, page 905: "Nowadays historians generally agree that the Macedonian ethnos form part of the Greek ethnos; hence they also shared in the common religious and cultural features of the Hellenic world"
- Robin Lane Fox: 1) "Alexander was still the Greek avenger of Persian sacrilege who told his troops, it was said 'that Persepolis was the most hateful city in the world'. On the road there, he met with the families of Greeks who had deported to Persia by previous kings, and true to his slogan, he honoured them conspicuously, giving them money, five changes of clothing, farm animals, corn, a free passage home, and exemption from taxes and bureaucratic harassments." p. 256,
2) "To his ancestors (to a Persian's ancestors) Macedonians were only known as 'yona takabara', the 'Greeks who wear shields on their heads', an allusion to their broad-brimmed hats." p. 104,
3) "Alexander was not the first Greek to be honoured as a god for political favour." p. 131,
4) "In spirit, Alexander made a gesture to the Lydians' sensitivities, though his Greek crusade owed them nothing as they were not Greeks." p. 128. Robin Lane Fox, Alexander the Great, Penguin Books, UK, 1997
– Katheryn A. Bard: "The Macedonians were originally one of several Greek tribes living on the northern frontier of the Hellenic world." Arxivləşdirilib 2014-10-12 at the Wayback Machine Katheryn A. Bard, Encyclopaedia of the Archaeology of Ancient Egypt, Taylor & Francis, 1999, p. 460.
– Benjamin Ide Wheeler: "That the Macedonians were Greek by race there can be no longer any doubt. They were the northernmost fragments of the race left stranded behind the barriers." Arxivləşdirilib 2022-03-27 at the Wayback Machine Benjamin Ide Wheeler, Alexander the Great: The Merging of East and West in Universal History, Elibron Classics, 2011

forensic-psych.com

Bursztajn, Harold J. "Dead Men Talking". Harvard Medical Alumni Bulletin (Spring). 2005. 29 March 2019 tarixində arxivləşdirilib. İstifadə tarixi: 16 December 2011.

google.co.uk

books.google.co.uk

M Wood (edited by T Gergel) — Alexander: Selected Texts from Arrian, Curtius and Plutarch Arxivləşdirilib 2022-03-27 at the Wayback Machine Penguin, 2004 ISBN 0-14-101312-5 [Retrieved 2015–04–08](ed. this being the first source of < boundless ambition >)
various sources collated to demonstrate the descriptive < boundless > [1] Arxivləşdirilib 2022-03-27 at the Wayback Machine,[2] Arxivləşdirilib 2022-03-27 at the Wayback Machine,[3] Arxivləşdirilib 2022-03-27 at the Wayback Machine,[4] Arxivləşdirilib 2022-03-27 at the Wayback Machine,[5] Arxivləşdirilib 2022-03-27 at the Wayback Machine,[6] Arxivləşdirilib 2022-03-27 at the Wayback Machine,[7] Arxivləşdirilib 2022-03-27 at the Wayback Machine [Retrieved 2015–04–08]
G Highet (taught classics at Oxford University until 1938, In 1950 he was appointed Anthon Professor of the Latin Language and Literature at Columbia University) — The Classical Tradition : Greek and Roman Influences on Western Literature: Greek and Roman Influences on Western Literature (p.68) Arxivləşdirilib 2022-03-27 at the Wayback Machine Oxford University Press, 31 Dec 1949 [Retrieved 2015–04–08](ed. c.f. — [8] Arxivləşdirilib 2015-06-26 at the Wayback Machine)

google.es

books.google.es

Green, Peter, Alexander of Macedon, 356–323 B.C.: a historical biography, Hellenistic culture and society (illustrated, revised reprint), University of California Press, 1970, səh. xxxiii, ISBN 978-0-520-07165-0, 2014-04-14 tarixində arxivləşdirilib, İstifadə tarixi: 2015-02-19, 356 – Alexander born in Pella. The exact date is not known, but probably either 20 or 26 July.

google.gr

books.google.gr

– Alexander the Great: "Youths of the Pellaians and of the Macedonians and of the Hellenic Amphictiony and of the Lakedaimonians and of the Corinthians… and of all the Hellenic peoples, join your fellow-soldiers and entrust yourselves to me, so that we can move against the barbarians and liberate ourselves from the Persian bondage, for as Greeks we should not be slaves to barbarians." Arxivləşdirilib 2018-12-11 at the Wayback Machine Pseudo-Kallisthenes, Historia Alexandri Magni, 1.15.1–4
– Alexander the Great: "Now you fear punishment and beg for your lives, so I will let you free, if not for any other reason so that you can see the difference between a Greek king and a barbarian tyrant, so do not expect to suffer any harm from me. A king does not kill messengers." Arxivləşdirilib 2018-12-11 at the Wayback Machine Historia Alexandri Magni of Pseudo-Kallisthenes, 1.37.9–13
– Alexander the Great addressing his troops prior to the Battle of Issus: "There are Greek troops, to be sure, in Persian service — but how different is their cause from ours! They will be fighting for pay — and not much of at that; we, on the contrary, shall fight for Greece, and our hearts will be in it." Arxivləşdirilib 2018-12-11 at the Wayback Machine Anabasis Alexandri by Roman historian Arrian, Book II, 7
– Alexander's letter to Persian king Darius in response to a truce plea: "Your ancestors came to Macedonia and the rest of Hellas (Greece) and did us great harm, though we had done them no prior injury. I have been appointed leader of the Greeks, and wanting to punish the Persians I have come to Asia, which I took from you." Arxivləşdirilib 2018-12-11 at the Wayback Machine Anabasis Alexandri by Arrian; translated as Anabasis of Alexander by P. A. Brunt, for the "Loeb Edition" Book II 14, 4
- Alexander the Great: "If it were not my purpose to combine barbarian things with things Hellenic (Greek), to traverse and civilize every continent, to search out the uttermost parts of land and sea, to push the bounds of Macedonia to the farthest Ocean, and to disseminate and shower the blessings of the Hellenic justice and peace over every nation, I should not be content to sit quietly in the luxury of idle power, but I should emulate the frugality of Diogenes. But as things are, forgive me Diogenes, that I imitate Herakles, and emulate Perseus, and follow in the footsteps of Dionysos, the divine author and progenitor of my family, and desire that victorious Hellenes should dance again in India and revive the memory of the Bacchic revels among the savage mountain tribes beyond the Kaukasos." ^{[ölü keçid]} On the Fortune of Alexander by Plutarch, 332 a-b
– Alexander addressing the dead Hellenes (the Athenian and Thebean Greeks) of the Battle of Chaeronea: "Holy shadows of the dead, I'm not to blame for your cruel and bitter fate, but the accursed rivalry which brought sister nations and brother people, to fight one another. I do not feel happy for this victory of mine. On the contrary, I would be glad, brothers, if I had all of you standing here next to me, since we are united by the same language, the same blood and the same visions." Arxivləşdirilib 2018-12-11 at the Wayback Machine Historiae Alexandri Magni by Quintus Curtius Rufus
- Alexander I of Macedon, ancestor of Alexander the Great, member of the Argead dynasty: "Tell your king (Xerxes), who sent you, how his Greek viceroy of Macedonia has received you hospitably." Herodotus, Histories, 5.20.4, Loeb
- Alexander I of Macedon, ancestor of Alexander the Great, member of the Argead dynasty, when he was admitted to the Olympic games: "Men of Athens… In truth I would not tell it to you if I did not care so much for all Hellas; I myself am by ancient descent a Greek, and I would not willingly see Hellas change her freedom for slavery. I tell you, then, that Mardonius and his army cannot get omens to his liking from the sacrifices. Otherwise you would have fought long before this. Now, however, it is his purpose to pay no heed to the sacrifices, and to attack at the first glimmer of dawn, for he fears, as I surmise, that your numbers will become still greater. Therefore, I urge you to prepare, and if (as may be) Mardonius should delay and not attack, wait patiently where you are; for he has but a few days' provisions left. If, however, this war ends as you wish, then must you take thought how to save me too from slavery, who have done so desperate a deed as this for the sake of Hellas in my desire to declare to you Mardonius' intent so that the barbarians may not attack you suddenly before you yet expect them. I who speak am Alexander the Macedonian." Herodotus, Histories, 9.45 (ed. A. D. Godley)
– Ian Worthington, English historian and archaeologist: "Not much need to be said about the Greekness of ancient Macedonia: it is undeniable." Arxivləşdirilib 2014-10-12 at the Wayback Machine Ian Worthington, Philip II of Macedonia, Yale University Press, 2008
- Ulrich Wilcken: "When we take into account the political conditions, religion and morals of the Macedonians, our conviction is strengthened that they were a Greek race and akin to the Dorians. Having stayed behind in the extreme north, they were unable to participate in the progressive civilization of the tribes which went further south." Ulrich Wilcken, Alexander the Great, p. 22
- Strabo: "And Macedonia, of course, is a part of Greece." Strabo. VII, Frg. 9 (Loeb, H. L. Jones)
- Herodotus: "Now that these descendants of Perdiccas (Perdiccas I of Macedon, King of Macedonia from about 700 BCE to about 678 BCE) are Greeks, as they themselves say, I myself chance to know and will prove it in the later part of my history." Herodotus, Book 5, Ch. 22, 1 (Loeb)
- Josephus: "And when the book of Daniel was showed to Alexander the Great, where Daniel declared that one of the Greeks should destroy the empire of the Persians, he supposed that himself was the person intended; and as he was then glad, he dismissed the multitude for the present." Josephus 11.8.5
– Arrian: "There a man appeared to them wearing a Greek cloak and dressed otherwise in the Greek fashion, and speaking Greek also. Those Macedonians who first sighted him said that they burst into teers, so strange did it seem after all these miseries to see a Greek, and to hear Greek spoken." Arxivləşdirilib 2014-10-01 at the Wayback Machine Arrian: Anabasis Alexandri: Book VIII (Indica)
- Titus Livius: "The Aitolians, the Akarnanians, the Macedonians, men of the same speech, are united or disunited by trivial causes that arise from time to time; with aliens, with barbarians, all Greeks wage and will wage eternal war; for they are enemies by the will of nature, which is eternal, and not from reasons that change from day to day." Titus Livius, Liber XXXI, 29, 15
- David H. Levinson: "It should be noted that there is no connection between the Macedonians of the time of Alexander the Great who were related to other Hellenic tribes and the Macedonians of today, who are of Slavic Origin and related to the Bulgarians." Arxivləşdirilib 2018-01-11 at the Wayback Machine Encyclopedia of World Cultures (1991), by David H. Levinson, page 239.
- Nicholas Hammond: "Philip was born a Greek of the most aristocratic, indeed of divine, descent… Philip was both a Greek and a Macedonian, even as Demosthenes was a Greek and an Athenian… The Macedonians over whom Philip was to rule were an outlying family member of the Greek-speaking peoples." Nicholas Hummond, Philip of Macedon, Duckworth Publishing, 1998
- Nicholas Hammond: "All in all, the language of the Macedones was a distinct and particular form of Greek, resistant to outside influnces and conservative in pronunciation. It remained so until the fourth century when it was almost totally submerged by the flood tide of standardized Greek." Nicholas Hummond, A History of Macedonia Vol ii, 550–336 BC
- Nicholas Hammond: "As members of the Greek race and speakers of the Greek language, the Macedonians shared in the ability to initiate ideas and create political forms." Nicholas Hummond, The Miracle that was Macedonia, 1992, p. 206
— M. Opperman, The Oxford Classical Dictionary 3rd ed. (1996) — Macedonia, Cults, page 905: "Nowadays historians generally agree that the Macedonian ethnos form part of the Greek ethnos; hence they also shared in the common religious and cultural features of the Hellenic world"
- Robin Lane Fox: 1) "Alexander was still the Greek avenger of Persian sacrilege who told his troops, it was said 'that Persepolis was the most hateful city in the world'. On the road there, he met with the families of Greeks who had deported to Persia by previous kings, and true to his slogan, he honoured them conspicuously, giving them money, five changes of clothing, farm animals, corn, a free passage home, and exemption from taxes and bureaucratic harassments." p. 256,
2) "To his ancestors (to a Persian's ancestors) Macedonians were only known as 'yona takabara', the 'Greeks who wear shields on their heads', an allusion to their broad-brimmed hats." p. 104,
3) "Alexander was not the first Greek to be honoured as a god for political favour." p. 131,
4) "In spirit, Alexander made a gesture to the Lydians' sensitivities, though his Greek crusade owed them nothing as they were not Greeks." p. 128. Robin Lane Fox, Alexander the Great, Penguin Books, UK, 1997
– Katheryn A. Bard: "The Macedonians were originally one of several Greek tribes living on the northern frontier of the Hellenic world." Arxivləşdirilib 2014-10-12 at the Wayback Machine Katheryn A. Bard, Encyclopaedia of the Archaeology of Ancient Egypt, Taylor & Francis, 1999, p. 460.
– Benjamin Ide Wheeler: "That the Macedonians were Greek by race there can be no longer any doubt. They were the northernmost fragments of the race left stranded behind the barriers." Arxivləşdirilib 2022-03-27 at the Wayback Machine Benjamin Ide Wheeler, Alexander the Great: The Merging of East and West in Universal History, Elibron Classics, 2011

greece.org

Kosmetatou, Elizabeth. "The Location of the Tomb: Facts and Speculation". Greece.org. 1998. 31 May 2004 tarixində arxivləşdirilib. İstifadə tarixi: 16 December 2011.
Kosmetatou, Elizabeth. "The Aftermath: The Burial of Alexander the Great". Greece.org. 1998. 27 August 2004 tarixində orijinalından arxivləşdirilib. İstifadə tarixi: 16 December 2011.

henry-davis.com

"World map according to Eratosthenes (194 B.C.)". henry-davis.com. Henry Davis Consulting. 29 September 2018 tarixində arxivləşdirilib. İstifadə tarixi: 16 December 2011.

history-of-macedonia.com

– Alexander the Great: "Youths of the Pellaians and of the Macedonians and of the Hellenic Amphictiony and of the Lakedaimonians and of the Corinthians… and of all the Hellenic peoples, join your fellow-soldiers and entrust yourselves to me, so that we can move against the barbarians and liberate ourselves from the Persian bondage, for as Greeks we should not be slaves to barbarians." Arxivləşdirilib 2018-12-11 at the Wayback Machine Pseudo-Kallisthenes, Historia Alexandri Magni, 1.15.1–4
– Alexander the Great: "Now you fear punishment and beg for your lives, so I will let you free, if not for any other reason so that you can see the difference between a Greek king and a barbarian tyrant, so do not expect to suffer any harm from me. A king does not kill messengers." Arxivləşdirilib 2018-12-11 at the Wayback Machine Historia Alexandri Magni of Pseudo-Kallisthenes, 1.37.9–13
– Alexander the Great addressing his troops prior to the Battle of Issus: "There are Greek troops, to be sure, in Persian service — but how different is their cause from ours! They will be fighting for pay — and not much of at that; we, on the contrary, shall fight for Greece, and our hearts will be in it." Arxivləşdirilib 2018-12-11 at the Wayback Machine Anabasis Alexandri by Roman historian Arrian, Book II, 7
– Alexander's letter to Persian king Darius in response to a truce plea: "Your ancestors came to Macedonia and the rest of Hellas (Greece) and did us great harm, though we had done them no prior injury. I have been appointed leader of the Greeks, and wanting to punish the Persians I have come to Asia, which I took from you." Arxivləşdirilib 2018-12-11 at the Wayback Machine Anabasis Alexandri by Arrian; translated as Anabasis of Alexander by P. A. Brunt, for the "Loeb Edition" Book II 14, 4
- Alexander the Great: "If it were not my purpose to combine barbarian things with things Hellenic (Greek), to traverse and civilize every continent, to search out the uttermost parts of land and sea, to push the bounds of Macedonia to the farthest Ocean, and to disseminate and shower the blessings of the Hellenic justice and peace over every nation, I should not be content to sit quietly in the luxury of idle power, but I should emulate the frugality of Diogenes. But as things are, forgive me Diogenes, that I imitate Herakles, and emulate Perseus, and follow in the footsteps of Dionysos, the divine author and progenitor of my family, and desire that victorious Hellenes should dance again in India and revive the memory of the Bacchic revels among the savage mountain tribes beyond the Kaukasos." ^{[ölü keçid]} On the Fortune of Alexander by Plutarch, 332 a-b
– Alexander addressing the dead Hellenes (the Athenian and Thebean Greeks) of the Battle of Chaeronea: "Holy shadows of the dead, I'm not to blame for your cruel and bitter fate, but the accursed rivalry which brought sister nations and brother people, to fight one another. I do not feel happy for this victory of mine. On the contrary, I would be glad, brothers, if I had all of you standing here next to me, since we are united by the same language, the same blood and the same visions." Arxivləşdirilib 2018-12-11 at the Wayback Machine Historiae Alexandri Magni by Quintus Curtius Rufus
- Alexander I of Macedon, ancestor of Alexander the Great, member of the Argead dynasty: "Tell your king (Xerxes), who sent you, how his Greek viceroy of Macedonia has received you hospitably." Herodotus, Histories, 5.20.4, Loeb
- Alexander I of Macedon, ancestor of Alexander the Great, member of the Argead dynasty, when he was admitted to the Olympic games: "Men of Athens… In truth I would not tell it to you if I did not care so much for all Hellas; I myself am by ancient descent a Greek, and I would not willingly see Hellas change her freedom for slavery. I tell you, then, that Mardonius and his army cannot get omens to his liking from the sacrifices. Otherwise you would have fought long before this. Now, however, it is his purpose to pay no heed to the sacrifices, and to attack at the first glimmer of dawn, for he fears, as I surmise, that your numbers will become still greater. Therefore, I urge you to prepare, and if (as may be) Mardonius should delay and not attack, wait patiently where you are; for he has but a few days' provisions left. If, however, this war ends as you wish, then must you take thought how to save me too from slavery, who have done so desperate a deed as this for the sake of Hellas in my desire to declare to you Mardonius' intent so that the barbarians may not attack you suddenly before you yet expect them. I who speak am Alexander the Macedonian." Herodotus, Histories, 9.45 (ed. A. D. Godley)
– Ian Worthington, English historian and archaeologist: "Not much need to be said about the Greekness of ancient Macedonia: it is undeniable." Arxivləşdirilib 2014-10-12 at the Wayback Machine Ian Worthington, Philip II of Macedonia, Yale University Press, 2008
- Ulrich Wilcken: "When we take into account the political conditions, religion and morals of the Macedonians, our conviction is strengthened that they were a Greek race and akin to the Dorians. Having stayed behind in the extreme north, they were unable to participate in the progressive civilization of the tribes which went further south." Ulrich Wilcken, Alexander the Great, p. 22
- Strabo: "And Macedonia, of course, is a part of Greece." Strabo. VII, Frg. 9 (Loeb, H. L. Jones)
- Herodotus: "Now that these descendants of Perdiccas (Perdiccas I of Macedon, King of Macedonia from about 700 BCE to about 678 BCE) are Greeks, as they themselves say, I myself chance to know and will prove it in the later part of my history." Herodotus, Book 5, Ch. 22, 1 (Loeb)
- Josephus: "And when the book of Daniel was showed to Alexander the Great, where Daniel declared that one of the Greeks should destroy the empire of the Persians, he supposed that himself was the person intended; and as he was then glad, he dismissed the multitude for the present." Josephus 11.8.5
– Arrian: "There a man appeared to them wearing a Greek cloak and dressed otherwise in the Greek fashion, and speaking Greek also. Those Macedonians who first sighted him said that they burst into teers, so strange did it seem after all these miseries to see a Greek, and to hear Greek spoken." Arxivləşdirilib 2014-10-01 at the Wayback Machine Arrian: Anabasis Alexandri: Book VIII (Indica)
- Titus Livius: "The Aitolians, the Akarnanians, the Macedonians, men of the same speech, are united or disunited by trivial causes that arise from time to time; with aliens, with barbarians, all Greeks wage and will wage eternal war; for they are enemies by the will of nature, which is eternal, and not from reasons that change from day to day." Titus Livius, Liber XXXI, 29, 15
- David H. Levinson: "It should be noted that there is no connection between the Macedonians of the time of Alexander the Great who were related to other Hellenic tribes and the Macedonians of today, who are of Slavic Origin and related to the Bulgarians." Arxivləşdirilib 2018-01-11 at the Wayback Machine Encyclopedia of World Cultures (1991), by David H. Levinson, page 239.
- Nicholas Hammond: "Philip was born a Greek of the most aristocratic, indeed of divine, descent… Philip was both a Greek and a Macedonian, even as Demosthenes was a Greek and an Athenian… The Macedonians over whom Philip was to rule were an outlying family member of the Greek-speaking peoples." Nicholas Hummond, Philip of Macedon, Duckworth Publishing, 1998
- Nicholas Hammond: "All in all, the language of the Macedones was a distinct and particular form of Greek, resistant to outside influnces and conservative in pronunciation. It remained so until the fourth century when it was almost totally submerged by the flood tide of standardized Greek." Nicholas Hummond, A History of Macedonia Vol ii, 550–336 BC
- Nicholas Hammond: "As members of the Greek race and speakers of the Greek language, the Macedonians shared in the ability to initiate ideas and create political forms." Nicholas Hummond, The Miracle that was Macedonia, 1992, p. 206
— M. Opperman, The Oxford Classical Dictionary 3rd ed. (1996) — Macedonia, Cults, page 905: "Nowadays historians generally agree that the Macedonian ethnos form part of the Greek ethnos; hence they also shared in the common religious and cultural features of the Hellenic world"
- Robin Lane Fox: 1) "Alexander was still the Greek avenger of Persian sacrilege who told his troops, it was said 'that Persepolis was the most hateful city in the world'. On the road there, he met with the families of Greeks who had deported to Persia by previous kings, and true to his slogan, he honoured them conspicuously, giving them money, five changes of clothing, farm animals, corn, a free passage home, and exemption from taxes and bureaucratic harassments." p. 256,
2) "To his ancestors (to a Persian's ancestors) Macedonians were only known as 'yona takabara', the 'Greeks who wear shields on their heads', an allusion to their broad-brimmed hats." p. 104,
3) "Alexander was not the first Greek to be honoured as a god for political favour." p. 131,
4) "In spirit, Alexander made a gesture to the Lydians' sensitivities, though his Greek crusade owed them nothing as they were not Greeks." p. 128. Robin Lane Fox, Alexander the Great, Penguin Books, UK, 1997
– Katheryn A. Bard: "The Macedonians were originally one of several Greek tribes living on the northern frontier of the Hellenic world." Arxivləşdirilib 2014-10-12 at the Wayback Machine Katheryn A. Bard, Encyclopaedia of the Archaeology of Ancient Egypt, Taylor & Francis, 1999, p. 460.
– Benjamin Ide Wheeler: "That the Macedonians were Greek by race there can be no longer any doubt. They were the northernmost fragments of the race left stranded behind the barriers." Arxivləşdirilib 2022-03-27 at the Wayback Machine Benjamin Ide Wheeler, Alexander the Great: The Merging of East and West in Universal History, Elibron Classics, 2011

huffingtonpost.com

Bennett-Smith, Meredith. "Was Alexander The Great Poisoned By Toxic Wine?". The Huffington Post. 14 January 2014. 17 June 2017 tarixində arxivləşdirilib. İstifadə tarixi: 15 January 2014.

livius.org

"The birth of Alexander the Great". Livius. 5 October 2016 tarixində orijinalından arxivləşdirilib. İstifadə tarixi: 16 December 2011. Alexander was born the sixth of Hekatombaion.
"The end of Persia". Livius. 16 March 2016 tarixində orijinalından arxivləşdirilib. İstifadə tarixi: 16 November 2009.
"Alexander IV". Livius. 24 September 2013 tarixində arxivləşdirilib. İstifadə tarixi: 13 December 2009.
"Alexander the Great: his towns". livius.org. 3 May 2015 tarixində orijinalından arxivləşdirilib. İstifadə tarixi: 13 December 2009.
"Arxivlənmiş surət". 2017-02-24 tarixində orijinalından arxivləşdirilib. İstifadə tarixi: 2015-05-20.

loc.gov

lccn.loc.gov

Luniya, 1978. səh. 312 Luniya, Bhanwarlal Nathuram, Life and Culture in Ancient India: From the Earliest Times to 1000 AD, Lakshmi Narain Agarwal, 1978, LCCN 78907043

merriam-webster.com

G Highet (taught classics at Oxford University until 1938, In 1950 he was appointed Anthon Professor of the Latin Language and Literature at Columbia University) — The Classical Tradition : Greek and Roman Influences on Western Literature: Greek and Roman Influences on Western Literature (p.68) Arxivləşdirilib 2022-03-27 at the Wayback Machine Oxford University Press, 31 Dec 1949 [Retrieved 2015–04–08](ed. c.f. — [8] Arxivləşdirilib 2015-06-26 at the Wayback Machine)
Merriam-Webster – epithet Arxivləşdirilib 2015-03-26 at the Wayback Machine [Retrieved 2015–04–08]

mithec.com

free-history-dictionary-books-hotels-health-maps.mithec.com

"Alexander the Great". Mithec. 2018-10-13 tarixində arxivləşdirilib. İstifadə tarixi: 2015-04-16.

nejm.org

content.nejm.org

Oldach, DW; Richard, RE; Borza, EN; Benitez, RM. "A mysterious death". N. Engl. J. Med. 338 (24). June 1998: 1764–69. doi:10.1056/NEJM199806113382411. PMID 9625631. 2023-07-27 tarixində arxivləşdirilib. İstifadə tarixi: 2015-02-17.

nih.gov

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Schep LJ, Slaughter RJ, Vale JA, Wheatley P. "Was the death of Alexander the Great due to poisoning? Was it Veratrum album?". Clinical Toxicology. 52 (1). January 2014: 72–7. doi:10.3109/15563650.2013.870341. ISSN 1556-3650. PMID 24369045.
Oldach, DW; Richard, RE; Borza, EN; Benitez, RM. "A mysterious death". N. Engl. J. Med. 338 (24). June 1998: 1764–69. doi:10.1056/NEJM199806113382411. PMID 9625631. 2023-07-27 tarixində arxivləşdirilib. İstifadə tarixi: 2015-02-17.
Ashrafian, H. "The death of Alexander the Great—a spinal twist of fate". J Hist Neurosci. 13 (2). 2004: 138–42. doi:10.1080/0964704049052157. PMID 15370319.
Marr, John S; Calisher, Charles H. "Alexander the Great and West Nile Virus Encephalitis" (PDF). Emerging Infectious Diseases. 9 (12). 2003: 1599–1603. doi:10.3201/eid0912.030288. PMC 3034319. PMID 14725285. 5 February 2016 tarixində arxivləşdirilib (PDF). İstifadə tarixi: 23 December 2012.
Sbarounis, CN. "Did Alexander the Great die of acute pancreatitis?". J Clin Gastroenterol. 24 (4). 2007: 294–96. doi:10.1097/00004836-199706000-00031. PMID 9252868.

oneonta.edu

employees.oneonta.edu

"Images of Authority II: The Greek Example". SUNY Oneonta. 2005. 4 October 2018 tarixində arxivləşdirilib. İstifadə tarixi: 16 December 2011.

org.bd

bpatc.org.bd

Popovic, John J. "Alexander the Great" (PDF). 2013-02-20 tarixində orijinalından (PDF) arxivləşdirilib. İstifadə tarixi: 2015-04-16.

ranker.com

"Ranker.com – The most influential people of all time". 2014-12-15 tarixində arxivləşdirilib. İstifadə tarixi: 2015-02-18.

royalsociety.org.nz

"NZ scientist's detective work may reveal how Alexander died". The Royal Society of New Zealand. Dunedin. 16 October 2003. 16 January 2014 tarixində orijinalından arxivləşdirilib. İstifadə tarixi: 15 January 2014.

rsl.ru

dlib.rsl.ru

Любкер Ф. Alexander (rus.). // Реальный словарь классических древностей по Любкеру / под ред. Ф. Ф. Зелинский, А. И. Георгиевский, М. С. Куторга, Ф. Гельбке, П. В. Никитин, В. А. Канский, пер. А. Д. Вейсман, Ф. Гельбке, Л. А. Георгиевский, А. И. Давиденков, В. А. Канский, П. В. Никитин, И. А. Смирнов, Э. А. Верт, О. Ю. Клеменчич, Н. В. Рубинский СПб: Общество классической филологии и педагогики, 1885. С. 62–67.

sikyon.com

"History of Ancient Sparta". Sikyon. 10 December 2009 tarixində orijinalından arxivləşdirilib. İstifadə tarixi: 14 November 2009. (#invalid_param_val)

telegraph.co.uk

Squires, Nick. "Alexander the Great poisoned by the River Styx". The Daily Telegraph. London. 4 August 2010. 6 August 2019 tarixində arxivləşdirilib. İstifadə tarixi: 12 December 2011.

theguardian.com

"Guardian on Time Magazine's 100 personalities of all time". 2018-12-11 tarixində arxivləşdirilib. İstifadə tarixi: 2015-02-18.

tufts.edu

perseus.tufts.edu

Plutarch, 1919, III, 2 Plutarch, Perrin, Bernadotte (redaktor), Plutarch, Alexander, Perseus Project, 1919, İstifadə tarixi: 6 December 2011
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Diodorus Siculus, 1989, XVII, 117
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Diodorus Siculus, 1989, XVII, 114
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"Arxivlənmiş surət". 2020-01-08 tarixində arxivləşdirilib. İstifadə tarixi: 2015-05-20.

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ucr.edu

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Peter Turchin, Thomas D. Hall and Jonathan M. Adams, "East-West Orientation of Historical Empires Arxivləşdirilib 2007-02-22 at the Wayback Machine", Journal of World-Systems Research Vol. 12 (no. 2), pp. 219–229 (2006).

umich.edu

Waterman, Leroy; McDowell, Robert H.; Hopkins, Clark. "Seleucia on the Tigris, Iraq". umich.edu. The Kelsey Online. 1998. 27 May 2012 tarixində orijinalından arxivləşdirilib. İstifadə tarixi: 16 December 2011.

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– Alexander the Great: "Youths of the Pellaians and of the Macedonians and of the Hellenic Amphictiony and of the Lakedaimonians and of the Corinthians… and of all the Hellenic peoples, join your fellow-soldiers and entrust yourselves to me, so that we can move against the barbarians and liberate ourselves from the Persian bondage, for as Greeks we should not be slaves to barbarians." Arxivləşdirilib 2018-12-11 at the Wayback Machine Pseudo-Kallisthenes, Historia Alexandri Magni, 1.15.1–4
– Alexander the Great: "Now you fear punishment and beg for your lives, so I will let you free, if not for any other reason so that you can see the difference between a Greek king and a barbarian tyrant, so do not expect to suffer any harm from me. A king does not kill messengers." Arxivləşdirilib 2018-12-11 at the Wayback Machine Historia Alexandri Magni of Pseudo-Kallisthenes, 1.37.9–13
– Alexander the Great addressing his troops prior to the Battle of Issus: "There are Greek troops, to be sure, in Persian service — but how different is their cause from ours! They will be fighting for pay — and not much of at that; we, on the contrary, shall fight for Greece, and our hearts will be in it." Arxivləşdirilib 2018-12-11 at the Wayback Machine Anabasis Alexandri by Roman historian Arrian, Book II, 7
– Alexander's letter to Persian king Darius in response to a truce plea: "Your ancestors came to Macedonia and the rest of Hellas (Greece) and did us great harm, though we had done them no prior injury. I have been appointed leader of the Greeks, and wanting to punish the Persians I have come to Asia, which I took from you." Arxivləşdirilib 2018-12-11 at the Wayback Machine Anabasis Alexandri by Arrian; translated as Anabasis of Alexander by P. A. Brunt, for the "Loeb Edition" Book II 14, 4
- Alexander the Great: "If it were not my purpose to combine barbarian things with things Hellenic (Greek), to traverse and civilize every continent, to search out the uttermost parts of land and sea, to push the bounds of Macedonia to the farthest Ocean, and to disseminate and shower the blessings of the Hellenic justice and peace over every nation, I should not be content to sit quietly in the luxury of idle power, but I should emulate the frugality of Diogenes. But as things are, forgive me Diogenes, that I imitate Herakles, and emulate Perseus, and follow in the footsteps of Dionysos, the divine author and progenitor of my family, and desire that victorious Hellenes should dance again in India and revive the memory of the Bacchic revels among the savage mountain tribes beyond the Kaukasos." ^{[ölü keçid]} On the Fortune of Alexander by Plutarch, 332 a-b
– Alexander addressing the dead Hellenes (the Athenian and Thebean Greeks) of the Battle of Chaeronea: "Holy shadows of the dead, I'm not to blame for your cruel and bitter fate, but the accursed rivalry which brought sister nations and brother people, to fight one another. I do not feel happy for this victory of mine. On the contrary, I would be glad, brothers, if I had all of you standing here next to me, since we are united by the same language, the same blood and the same visions." Arxivləşdirilib 2018-12-11 at the Wayback Machine Historiae Alexandri Magni by Quintus Curtius Rufus
- Alexander I of Macedon, ancestor of Alexander the Great, member of the Argead dynasty: "Tell your king (Xerxes), who sent you, how his Greek viceroy of Macedonia has received you hospitably." Herodotus, Histories, 5.20.4, Loeb
- Alexander I of Macedon, ancestor of Alexander the Great, member of the Argead dynasty, when he was admitted to the Olympic games: "Men of Athens… In truth I would not tell it to you if I did not care so much for all Hellas; I myself am by ancient descent a Greek, and I would not willingly see Hellas change her freedom for slavery. I tell you, then, that Mardonius and his army cannot get omens to his liking from the sacrifices. Otherwise you would have fought long before this. Now, however, it is his purpose to pay no heed to the sacrifices, and to attack at the first glimmer of dawn, for he fears, as I surmise, that your numbers will become still greater. Therefore, I urge you to prepare, and if (as may be) Mardonius should delay and not attack, wait patiently where you are; for he has but a few days' provisions left. If, however, this war ends as you wish, then must you take thought how to save me too from slavery, who have done so desperate a deed as this for the sake of Hellas in my desire to declare to you Mardonius' intent so that the barbarians may not attack you suddenly before you yet expect them. I who speak am Alexander the Macedonian." Herodotus, Histories, 9.45 (ed. A. D. Godley)
– Ian Worthington, English historian and archaeologist: "Not much need to be said about the Greekness of ancient Macedonia: it is undeniable." Arxivləşdirilib 2014-10-12 at the Wayback Machine Ian Worthington, Philip II of Macedonia, Yale University Press, 2008
- Ulrich Wilcken: "When we take into account the political conditions, religion and morals of the Macedonians, our conviction is strengthened that they were a Greek race and akin to the Dorians. Having stayed behind in the extreme north, they were unable to participate in the progressive civilization of the tribes which went further south." Ulrich Wilcken, Alexander the Great, p. 22
- Strabo: "And Macedonia, of course, is a part of Greece." Strabo. VII, Frg. 9 (Loeb, H. L. Jones)
- Herodotus: "Now that these descendants of Perdiccas (Perdiccas I of Macedon, King of Macedonia from about 700 BCE to about 678 BCE) are Greeks, as they themselves say, I myself chance to know and will prove it in the later part of my history." Herodotus, Book 5, Ch. 22, 1 (Loeb)
- Josephus: "And when the book of Daniel was showed to Alexander the Great, where Daniel declared that one of the Greeks should destroy the empire of the Persians, he supposed that himself was the person intended; and as he was then glad, he dismissed the multitude for the present." Josephus 11.8.5
– Arrian: "There a man appeared to them wearing a Greek cloak and dressed otherwise in the Greek fashion, and speaking Greek also. Those Macedonians who first sighted him said that they burst into teers, so strange did it seem after all these miseries to see a Greek, and to hear Greek spoken." Arxivləşdirilib 2014-10-01 at the Wayback Machine Arrian: Anabasis Alexandri: Book VIII (Indica)
- Titus Livius: "The Aitolians, the Akarnanians, the Macedonians, men of the same speech, are united or disunited by trivial causes that arise from time to time; with aliens, with barbarians, all Greeks wage and will wage eternal war; for they are enemies by the will of nature, which is eternal, and not from reasons that change from day to day." Titus Livius, Liber XXXI, 29, 15
- David H. Levinson: "It should be noted that there is no connection between the Macedonians of the time of Alexander the Great who were related to other Hellenic tribes and the Macedonians of today, who are of Slavic Origin and related to the Bulgarians." Arxivləşdirilib 2018-01-11 at the Wayback Machine Encyclopedia of World Cultures (1991), by David H. Levinson, page 239.
- Nicholas Hammond: "Philip was born a Greek of the most aristocratic, indeed of divine, descent… Philip was both a Greek and a Macedonian, even as Demosthenes was a Greek and an Athenian… The Macedonians over whom Philip was to rule were an outlying family member of the Greek-speaking peoples." Nicholas Hummond, Philip of Macedon, Duckworth Publishing, 1998
- Nicholas Hammond: "All in all, the language of the Macedones was a distinct and particular form of Greek, resistant to outside influnces and conservative in pronunciation. It remained so until the fourth century when it was almost totally submerged by the flood tide of standardized Greek." Nicholas Hummond, A History of Macedonia Vol ii, 550–336 BC
- Nicholas Hammond: "As members of the Greek race and speakers of the Greek language, the Macedonians shared in the ability to initiate ideas and create political forms." Nicholas Hummond, The Miracle that was Macedonia, 1992, p. 206
— M. Opperman, The Oxford Classical Dictionary 3rd ed. (1996) — Macedonia, Cults, page 905: "Nowadays historians generally agree that the Macedonian ethnos form part of the Greek ethnos; hence they also shared in the common religious and cultural features of the Hellenic world"
- Robin Lane Fox: 1) "Alexander was still the Greek avenger of Persian sacrilege who told his troops, it was said 'that Persepolis was the most hateful city in the world'. On the road there, he met with the families of Greeks who had deported to Persia by previous kings, and true to his slogan, he honoured them conspicuously, giving them money, five changes of clothing, farm animals, corn, a free passage home, and exemption from taxes and bureaucratic harassments." p. 256,
2) "To his ancestors (to a Persian's ancestors) Macedonians were only known as 'yona takabara', the 'Greeks who wear shields on their heads', an allusion to their broad-brimmed hats." p. 104,
3) "Alexander was not the first Greek to be honoured as a god for political favour." p. 131,
4) "In spirit, Alexander made a gesture to the Lydians' sensitivities, though his Greek crusade owed them nothing as they were not Greeks." p. 128. Robin Lane Fox, Alexander the Great, Penguin Books, UK, 1997
– Katheryn A. Bard: "The Macedonians were originally one of several Greek tribes living on the northern frontier of the Hellenic world." Arxivləşdirilib 2014-10-12 at the Wayback Machine Katheryn A. Bard, Encyclopaedia of the Archaeology of Ancient Egypt, Taylor & Francis, 1999, p. 460.
– Benjamin Ide Wheeler: "That the Macedonians were Greek by race there can be no longer any doubt. They were the northernmost fragments of the race left stranded behind the barriers." Arxivləşdirilib 2022-03-27 at the Wayback Machine Benjamin Ide Wheeler, Alexander the Great: The Merging of East and West in Universal History, Elibron Classics, 2011
"Alexander the Great (356–323 BC)". UK: BBC. 2016-11-19 tarixində arxivləşdirilib. İstifadə tarixi: 2015-02-17.
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Green, Peter, Alexander of Macedon, 356–323 B.C.: a historical biography, Hellenistic culture and society (illustrated, revised reprint), University of California Press, 1970, səh. xxxiii, ISBN 978-0-520-07165-0, 2014-04-14 tarixində arxivləşdirilib, İstifadə tarixi: 2015-02-19, 356 – Alexander born in Pella. The exact date is not known, but probably either 20 or 26 July.
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Squires, Nick. "Alexander the Great poisoned by the River Styx". The Daily Telegraph. London. 4 August 2010. 6 August 2019 tarixində arxivləşdirilib. İstifadə tarixi: 12 December 2011.
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Marr, John S; Calisher, Charles H. "Alexander the Great and West Nile Virus Encephalitis" (PDF). Emerging Infectious Diseases. 9 (12). 2003: 1599–1603. doi:10.3201/eid0912.030288. PMC 3034319. PMID 14725285. 5 February 2016 tarixində arxivləşdirilib (PDF). İstifadə tarixi: 23 December 2012.
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M Wood (edited by T Gergel) — Alexander: Selected Texts from Arrian, Curtius and Plutarch Arxivləşdirilib 2022-03-27 at the Wayback Machine Penguin, 2004 ISBN 0-14-101312-5 [Retrieved 2015–04–08](ed. this being the first source of < boundless ambition >)
various sources collated to demonstrate the descriptive < boundless > [1] Arxivləşdirilib 2022-03-27 at the Wayback Machine,[2] Arxivləşdirilib 2022-03-27 at the Wayback Machine,[3] Arxivləşdirilib 2022-03-27 at the Wayback Machine,[4] Arxivləşdirilib 2022-03-27 at the Wayback Machine,[5] Arxivləşdirilib 2022-03-27 at the Wayback Machine,[6] Arxivləşdirilib 2022-03-27 at the Wayback Machine,[7] Arxivləşdirilib 2022-03-27 at the Wayback Machine [Retrieved 2015–04–08]
G Highet (taught classics at Oxford University until 1938, In 1950 he was appointed Anthon Professor of the Latin Language and Literature at Columbia University) — The Classical Tradition : Greek and Roman Influences on Western Literature: Greek and Roman Influences on Western Literature (p.68) Arxivləşdirilib 2022-03-27 at the Wayback Machine Oxford University Press, 31 Dec 1949 [Retrieved 2015–04–08](ed. c.f. — [8] Arxivləşdirilib 2015-06-26 at the Wayback Machine)
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Peter Turchin, Thomas D. Hall and Jonathan M. Adams, "East-West Orientation of Historical Empires Arxivləşdirilib 2007-02-22 at the Wayback Machine", Journal of World-Systems Research Vol. 12 (no. 2), pp. 219–229 (2006).
"Alexander the Great: his towns". livius.org. 3 May 2015 tarixində orijinalından arxivləşdirilib. İstifadə tarixi: 13 December 2009.
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A. B. Bosworth. Alexander and the East: The Tragedy of Triumph. Clarendon Press. 1996. səh. 104. ISBN 978-0-19-814991-0. 2016-03-04 tarixində arxivləşdirilib. İstifadə tarixi: 2015-05-20. In his remorse, so Anaxarchus maintained, the king has adopted the posture of a slave, contradicting his real status as master of the universe.
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"Ahmedi, Taceddin" (az.). academic.ru. 2015-05-25. 2015-05-25 tarixində arxivləşdirilib. İstifadə tarixi: 2015-05-25.

websfor.org

Arrian, 1976, I, 1 Arrian, de Sélincourt, Aubrey (redaktor), Anabasis Alexandri (The Campaigns of Alexander), Penguin Books, 1976, ISBN 0-14-044253-7
Arrian, 1976, III, 16 Arrian, de Sélincourt, Aubrey (redaktor), Anabasis Alexandri (The Campaigns of Alexander), Penguin Books, 1976, ISBN 0-14-044253-7
Arrian, 1976, VII, 11 Arrian, de Sélincourt, Aubrey (redaktor), Anabasis Alexandri (The Campaigns of Alexander), Penguin Books, 1976, ISBN 0-14-044253-7
Arrian, 1976, VI, 27 Arrian, de Sélincourt, Aubrey (redaktor), Anabasis Alexandri (The Campaigns of Alexander), Penguin Books, 1976, ISBN 0-14-044253-7
Arrian, 1976, VII, 4 Arrian, de Sélincourt, Aubrey (redaktor), Anabasis Alexandri (The Campaigns of Alexander), Penguin Books, 1976, ISBN 0-14-044253-7
Arrian, 1976, VII, 14 Arrian, de Sélincourt, Aubrey (redaktor), Anabasis Alexandri (The Campaigns of Alexander), Penguin Books, 1976, ISBN 0-14-044253-7
Arrian, 1976, VII, 19 Arrian, de Sélincourt, Aubrey (redaktor), Anabasis Alexandri (The Campaigns of Alexander), Penguin Books, 1976, ISBN 0-14-044253-7
Arrian, 1976, VII, 27 Arrian, de Sélincourt, Aubrey (redaktor), Anabasis Alexandri (The Campaigns of Alexander), Penguin Books, 1976, ISBN 0-14-044253-7
Arrian, 1976, VII, 29 Arrian, de Sélincourt, Aubrey (redaktor), Anabasis Alexandri (The Campaigns of Alexander), Penguin Books, 1976, ISBN 0-14-044253-7

wikidata.org

Πλούταρχος 3.5 // Life of Alexander the Great (q.yun.). // Βίοι Παράλληλοι
Роксана (rus.). // Энциклопедический словарь СПб: Брокгауз — Ефрон, 1899. Т. XXVII. С. 29.
Любкер Ф. Alexander (rus.). // Реальный словарь классических древностей по Любкеру / под ред. Ф. Ф. Зелинский, А. И. Георгиевский, М. С. Куторга, Ф. Гельбке, П. В. Никитин, В. А. Канский, пер. А. Д. Вейсман, Ф. Гельбке, Л. А. Георгиевский, А. И. Давиденков, В. А. Канский, П. В. Никитин, И. А. Смирнов, Э. А. Верт, О. Ю. Клеменчич, Н. В. Рубинский СПб: Общество классической филологии и педагогики, 1885. С. 62–67.
Александр Великий (rus.). // Военная энциклопедия СПб: Иван Дмитриевич Сытин, 1911. Т. 1. С. 284–291.

wikipedia.org

ru.wikipedia.org

Роксана (rus.). // Энциклопедический словарь СПб: Брокгауз — Ефрон, 1899. Т. XXVII. С. 29.
Любкер Ф. Alexander (rus.). // Реальный словарь классических древностей по Любкеру / под ред. Ф. Ф. Зелинский, А. И. Георгиевский, М. С. Куторга, Ф. Гельбке, П. В. Никитин, В. А. Канский, пер. А. Д. Вейсман, Ф. Гельбке, Л. А. Георгиевский, А. И. Давиденков, В. А. Канский, П. В. Никитин, И. А. Смирнов, Э. А. Верт, О. Ю. Клеменчич, Н. В. Рубинский СПб: Общество классической филологии и педагогики, 1885. С. 62–67.
Александр Великий (rus.). // Военная энциклопедия СПб: Иван Дмитриевич Сытин, 1911. Т. 1. С. 284–291.

en.wikipedia.org

– Alexander the Great: "Youths of the Pellaians and of the Macedonians and of the Hellenic Amphictiony and of the Lakedaimonians and of the Corinthians… and of all the Hellenic peoples, join your fellow-soldiers and entrust yourselves to me, so that we can move against the barbarians and liberate ourselves from the Persian bondage, for as Greeks we should not be slaves to barbarians." Arxivləşdirilib 2018-12-11 at the Wayback Machine Pseudo-Kallisthenes, Historia Alexandri Magni, 1.15.1–4
– Alexander the Great: "Now you fear punishment and beg for your lives, so I will let you free, if not for any other reason so that you can see the difference between a Greek king and a barbarian tyrant, so do not expect to suffer any harm from me. A king does not kill messengers." Arxivləşdirilib 2018-12-11 at the Wayback Machine Historia Alexandri Magni of Pseudo-Kallisthenes, 1.37.9–13
– Alexander the Great addressing his troops prior to the Battle of Issus: "There are Greek troops, to be sure, in Persian service — but how different is their cause from ours! They will be fighting for pay — and not much of at that; we, on the contrary, shall fight for Greece, and our hearts will be in it." Arxivləşdirilib 2018-12-11 at the Wayback Machine Anabasis Alexandri by Roman historian Arrian, Book II, 7
– Alexander's letter to Persian king Darius in response to a truce plea: "Your ancestors came to Macedonia and the rest of Hellas (Greece) and did us great harm, though we had done them no prior injury. I have been appointed leader of the Greeks, and wanting to punish the Persians I have come to Asia, which I took from you." Arxivləşdirilib 2018-12-11 at the Wayback Machine Anabasis Alexandri by Arrian; translated as Anabasis of Alexander by P. A. Brunt, for the "Loeb Edition" Book II 14, 4
- Alexander the Great: "If it were not my purpose to combine barbarian things with things Hellenic (Greek), to traverse and civilize every continent, to search out the uttermost parts of land and sea, to push the bounds of Macedonia to the farthest Ocean, and to disseminate and shower the blessings of the Hellenic justice and peace over every nation, I should not be content to sit quietly in the luxury of idle power, but I should emulate the frugality of Diogenes. But as things are, forgive me Diogenes, that I imitate Herakles, and emulate Perseus, and follow in the footsteps of Dionysos, the divine author and progenitor of my family, and desire that victorious Hellenes should dance again in India and revive the memory of the Bacchic revels among the savage mountain tribes beyond the Kaukasos." ^{[ölü keçid]} On the Fortune of Alexander by Plutarch, 332 a-b
– Alexander addressing the dead Hellenes (the Athenian and Thebean Greeks) of the Battle of Chaeronea: "Holy shadows of the dead, I'm not to blame for your cruel and bitter fate, but the accursed rivalry which brought sister nations and brother people, to fight one another. I do not feel happy for this victory of mine. On the contrary, I would be glad, brothers, if I had all of you standing here next to me, since we are united by the same language, the same blood and the same visions." Arxivləşdirilib 2018-12-11 at the Wayback Machine Historiae Alexandri Magni by Quintus Curtius Rufus
- Alexander I of Macedon, ancestor of Alexander the Great, member of the Argead dynasty: "Tell your king (Xerxes), who sent you, how his Greek viceroy of Macedonia has received you hospitably." Herodotus, Histories, 5.20.4, Loeb
- Alexander I of Macedon, ancestor of Alexander the Great, member of the Argead dynasty, when he was admitted to the Olympic games: "Men of Athens… In truth I would not tell it to you if I did not care so much for all Hellas; I myself am by ancient descent a Greek, and I would not willingly see Hellas change her freedom for slavery. I tell you, then, that Mardonius and his army cannot get omens to his liking from the sacrifices. Otherwise you would have fought long before this. Now, however, it is his purpose to pay no heed to the sacrifices, and to attack at the first glimmer of dawn, for he fears, as I surmise, that your numbers will become still greater. Therefore, I urge you to prepare, and if (as may be) Mardonius should delay and not attack, wait patiently where you are; for he has but a few days' provisions left. If, however, this war ends as you wish, then must you take thought how to save me too from slavery, who have done so desperate a deed as this for the sake of Hellas in my desire to declare to you Mardonius' intent so that the barbarians may not attack you suddenly before you yet expect them. I who speak am Alexander the Macedonian." Herodotus, Histories, 9.45 (ed. A. D. Godley)
– Ian Worthington, English historian and archaeologist: "Not much need to be said about the Greekness of ancient Macedonia: it is undeniable." Arxivləşdirilib 2014-10-12 at the Wayback Machine Ian Worthington, Philip II of Macedonia, Yale University Press, 2008
- Ulrich Wilcken: "When we take into account the political conditions, religion and morals of the Macedonians, our conviction is strengthened that they were a Greek race and akin to the Dorians. Having stayed behind in the extreme north, they were unable to participate in the progressive civilization of the tribes which went further south." Ulrich Wilcken, Alexander the Great, p. 22
- Strabo: "And Macedonia, of course, is a part of Greece." Strabo. VII, Frg. 9 (Loeb, H. L. Jones)
- Herodotus: "Now that these descendants of Perdiccas (Perdiccas I of Macedon, King of Macedonia from about 700 BCE to about 678 BCE) are Greeks, as they themselves say, I myself chance to know and will prove it in the later part of my history." Herodotus, Book 5, Ch. 22, 1 (Loeb)
- Josephus: "And when the book of Daniel was showed to Alexander the Great, where Daniel declared that one of the Greeks should destroy the empire of the Persians, he supposed that himself was the person intended; and as he was then glad, he dismissed the multitude for the present." Josephus 11.8.5
– Arrian: "There a man appeared to them wearing a Greek cloak and dressed otherwise in the Greek fashion, and speaking Greek also. Those Macedonians who first sighted him said that they burst into teers, so strange did it seem after all these miseries to see a Greek, and to hear Greek spoken." Arxivləşdirilib 2014-10-01 at the Wayback Machine Arrian: Anabasis Alexandri: Book VIII (Indica)
- Titus Livius: "The Aitolians, the Akarnanians, the Macedonians, men of the same speech, are united or disunited by trivial causes that arise from time to time; with aliens, with barbarians, all Greeks wage and will wage eternal war; for they are enemies by the will of nature, which is eternal, and not from reasons that change from day to day." Titus Livius, Liber XXXI, 29, 15
- David H. Levinson: "It should be noted that there is no connection between the Macedonians of the time of Alexander the Great who were related to other Hellenic tribes and the Macedonians of today, who are of Slavic Origin and related to the Bulgarians." Arxivləşdirilib 2018-01-11 at the Wayback Machine Encyclopedia of World Cultures (1991), by David H. Levinson, page 239.
- Nicholas Hammond: "Philip was born a Greek of the most aristocratic, indeed of divine, descent… Philip was both a Greek and a Macedonian, even as Demosthenes was a Greek and an Athenian… The Macedonians over whom Philip was to rule were an outlying family member of the Greek-speaking peoples." Nicholas Hummond, Philip of Macedon, Duckworth Publishing, 1998
- Nicholas Hammond: "All in all, the language of the Macedones was a distinct and particular form of Greek, resistant to outside influnces and conservative in pronunciation. It remained so until the fourth century when it was almost totally submerged by the flood tide of standardized Greek." Nicholas Hummond, A History of Macedonia Vol ii, 550–336 BC
- Nicholas Hammond: "As members of the Greek race and speakers of the Greek language, the Macedonians shared in the ability to initiate ideas and create political forms." Nicholas Hummond, The Miracle that was Macedonia, 1992, p. 206
— M. Opperman, The Oxford Classical Dictionary 3rd ed. (1996) — Macedonia, Cults, page 905: "Nowadays historians generally agree that the Macedonian ethnos form part of the Greek ethnos; hence they also shared in the common religious and cultural features of the Hellenic world"
- Robin Lane Fox: 1) "Alexander was still the Greek avenger of Persian sacrilege who told his troops, it was said 'that Persepolis was the most hateful city in the world'. On the road there, he met with the families of Greeks who had deported to Persia by previous kings, and true to his slogan, he honoured them conspicuously, giving them money, five changes of clothing, farm animals, corn, a free passage home, and exemption from taxes and bureaucratic harassments." p. 256,
2) "To his ancestors (to a Persian's ancestors) Macedonians were only known as 'yona takabara', the 'Greeks who wear shields on their heads', an allusion to their broad-brimmed hats." p. 104,
3) "Alexander was not the first Greek to be honoured as a god for political favour." p. 131,
4) "In spirit, Alexander made a gesture to the Lydians' sensitivities, though his Greek crusade owed them nothing as they were not Greeks." p. 128. Robin Lane Fox, Alexander the Great, Penguin Books, UK, 1997
– Katheryn A. Bard: "The Macedonians were originally one of several Greek tribes living on the northern frontier of the Hellenic world." Arxivləşdirilib 2014-10-12 at the Wayback Machine Katheryn A. Bard, Encyclopaedia of the Archaeology of Ancient Egypt, Taylor & Francis, 1999, p. 460.
– Benjamin Ide Wheeler: "That the Macedonians were Greek by race there can be no longer any doubt. They were the northernmost fragments of the race left stranded behind the barriers." Arxivləşdirilib 2022-03-27 at the Wayback Machine Benjamin Ide Wheeler, Alexander the Great: The Merging of East and West in Universal History, Elibron Classics, 2011

wikiquote.org

simple.wikiquote.org

– Alexander the Great: "Youths of the Pellaians and of the Macedonians and of the Hellenic Amphictiony and of the Lakedaimonians and of the Corinthians… and of all the Hellenic peoples, join your fellow-soldiers and entrust yourselves to me, so that we can move against the barbarians and liberate ourselves from the Persian bondage, for as Greeks we should not be slaves to barbarians." Arxivləşdirilib 2018-12-11 at the Wayback Machine Pseudo-Kallisthenes, Historia Alexandri Magni, 1.15.1–4
– Alexander the Great: "Now you fear punishment and beg for your lives, so I will let you free, if not for any other reason so that you can see the difference between a Greek king and a barbarian tyrant, so do not expect to suffer any harm from me. A king does not kill messengers." Arxivləşdirilib 2018-12-11 at the Wayback Machine Historia Alexandri Magni of Pseudo-Kallisthenes, 1.37.9–13
– Alexander the Great addressing his troops prior to the Battle of Issus: "There are Greek troops, to be sure, in Persian service — but how different is their cause from ours! They will be fighting for pay — and not much of at that; we, on the contrary, shall fight for Greece, and our hearts will be in it." Arxivləşdirilib 2018-12-11 at the Wayback Machine Anabasis Alexandri by Roman historian Arrian, Book II, 7
– Alexander's letter to Persian king Darius in response to a truce plea: "Your ancestors came to Macedonia and the rest of Hellas (Greece) and did us great harm, though we had done them no prior injury. I have been appointed leader of the Greeks, and wanting to punish the Persians I have come to Asia, which I took from you." Arxivləşdirilib 2018-12-11 at the Wayback Machine Anabasis Alexandri by Arrian; translated as Anabasis of Alexander by P. A. Brunt, for the "Loeb Edition" Book II 14, 4
- Alexander the Great: "If it were not my purpose to combine barbarian things with things Hellenic (Greek), to traverse and civilize every continent, to search out the uttermost parts of land and sea, to push the bounds of Macedonia to the farthest Ocean, and to disseminate and shower the blessings of the Hellenic justice and peace over every nation, I should not be content to sit quietly in the luxury of idle power, but I should emulate the frugality of Diogenes. But as things are, forgive me Diogenes, that I imitate Herakles, and emulate Perseus, and follow in the footsteps of Dionysos, the divine author and progenitor of my family, and desire that victorious Hellenes should dance again in India and revive the memory of the Bacchic revels among the savage mountain tribes beyond the Kaukasos." ^{[ölü keçid]} On the Fortune of Alexander by Plutarch, 332 a-b
– Alexander addressing the dead Hellenes (the Athenian and Thebean Greeks) of the Battle of Chaeronea: "Holy shadows of the dead, I'm not to blame for your cruel and bitter fate, but the accursed rivalry which brought sister nations and brother people, to fight one another. I do not feel happy for this victory of mine. On the contrary, I would be glad, brothers, if I had all of you standing here next to me, since we are united by the same language, the same blood and the same visions." Arxivləşdirilib 2018-12-11 at the Wayback Machine Historiae Alexandri Magni by Quintus Curtius Rufus
- Alexander I of Macedon, ancestor of Alexander the Great, member of the Argead dynasty: "Tell your king (Xerxes), who sent you, how his Greek viceroy of Macedonia has received you hospitably." Herodotus, Histories, 5.20.4, Loeb
- Alexander I of Macedon, ancestor of Alexander the Great, member of the Argead dynasty, when he was admitted to the Olympic games: "Men of Athens… In truth I would not tell it to you if I did not care so much for all Hellas; I myself am by ancient descent a Greek, and I would not willingly see Hellas change her freedom for slavery. I tell you, then, that Mardonius and his army cannot get omens to his liking from the sacrifices. Otherwise you would have fought long before this. Now, however, it is his purpose to pay no heed to the sacrifices, and to attack at the first glimmer of dawn, for he fears, as I surmise, that your numbers will become still greater. Therefore, I urge you to prepare, and if (as may be) Mardonius should delay and not attack, wait patiently where you are; for he has but a few days' provisions left. If, however, this war ends as you wish, then must you take thought how to save me too from slavery, who have done so desperate a deed as this for the sake of Hellas in my desire to declare to you Mardonius' intent so that the barbarians may not attack you suddenly before you yet expect them. I who speak am Alexander the Macedonian." Herodotus, Histories, 9.45 (ed. A. D. Godley)
– Ian Worthington, English historian and archaeologist: "Not much need to be said about the Greekness of ancient Macedonia: it is undeniable." Arxivləşdirilib 2014-10-12 at the Wayback Machine Ian Worthington, Philip II of Macedonia, Yale University Press, 2008
- Ulrich Wilcken: "When we take into account the political conditions, religion and morals of the Macedonians, our conviction is strengthened that they were a Greek race and akin to the Dorians. Having stayed behind in the extreme north, they were unable to participate in the progressive civilization of the tribes which went further south." Ulrich Wilcken, Alexander the Great, p. 22
- Strabo: "And Macedonia, of course, is a part of Greece." Strabo. VII, Frg. 9 (Loeb, H. L. Jones)
- Herodotus: "Now that these descendants of Perdiccas (Perdiccas I of Macedon, King of Macedonia from about 700 BCE to about 678 BCE) are Greeks, as they themselves say, I myself chance to know and will prove it in the later part of my history." Herodotus, Book 5, Ch. 22, 1 (Loeb)
- Josephus: "And when the book of Daniel was showed to Alexander the Great, where Daniel declared that one of the Greeks should destroy the empire of the Persians, he supposed that himself was the person intended; and as he was then glad, he dismissed the multitude for the present." Josephus 11.8.5
– Arrian: "There a man appeared to them wearing a Greek cloak and dressed otherwise in the Greek fashion, and speaking Greek also. Those Macedonians who first sighted him said that they burst into teers, so strange did it seem after all these miseries to see a Greek, and to hear Greek spoken." Arxivləşdirilib 2014-10-01 at the Wayback Machine Arrian: Anabasis Alexandri: Book VIII (Indica)
- Titus Livius: "The Aitolians, the Akarnanians, the Macedonians, men of the same speech, are united or disunited by trivial causes that arise from time to time; with aliens, with barbarians, all Greeks wage and will wage eternal war; for they are enemies by the will of nature, which is eternal, and not from reasons that change from day to day." Titus Livius, Liber XXXI, 29, 15
- David H. Levinson: "It should be noted that there is no connection between the Macedonians of the time of Alexander the Great who were related to other Hellenic tribes and the Macedonians of today, who are of Slavic Origin and related to the Bulgarians." Arxivləşdirilib 2018-01-11 at the Wayback Machine Encyclopedia of World Cultures (1991), by David H. Levinson, page 239.
- Nicholas Hammond: "Philip was born a Greek of the most aristocratic, indeed of divine, descent… Philip was both a Greek and a Macedonian, even as Demosthenes was a Greek and an Athenian… The Macedonians over whom Philip was to rule were an outlying family member of the Greek-speaking peoples." Nicholas Hummond, Philip of Macedon, Duckworth Publishing, 1998
- Nicholas Hammond: "All in all, the language of the Macedones was a distinct and particular form of Greek, resistant to outside influnces and conservative in pronunciation. It remained so until the fourth century when it was almost totally submerged by the flood tide of standardized Greek." Nicholas Hummond, A History of Macedonia Vol ii, 550–336 BC
- Nicholas Hammond: "As members of the Greek race and speakers of the Greek language, the Macedonians shared in the ability to initiate ideas and create political forms." Nicholas Hummond, The Miracle that was Macedonia, 1992, p. 206
— M. Opperman, The Oxford Classical Dictionary 3rd ed. (1996) — Macedonia, Cults, page 905: "Nowadays historians generally agree that the Macedonian ethnos form part of the Greek ethnos; hence they also shared in the common religious and cultural features of the Hellenic world"
- Robin Lane Fox: 1) "Alexander was still the Greek avenger of Persian sacrilege who told his troops, it was said 'that Persepolis was the most hateful city in the world'. On the road there, he met with the families of Greeks who had deported to Persia by previous kings, and true to his slogan, he honoured them conspicuously, giving them money, five changes of clothing, farm animals, corn, a free passage home, and exemption from taxes and bureaucratic harassments." p. 256,
2) "To his ancestors (to a Persian's ancestors) Macedonians were only known as 'yona takabara', the 'Greeks who wear shields on their heads', an allusion to their broad-brimmed hats." p. 104,
3) "Alexander was not the first Greek to be honoured as a god for political favour." p. 131,
4) "In spirit, Alexander made a gesture to the Lydians' sensitivities, though his Greek crusade owed them nothing as they were not Greeks." p. 128. Robin Lane Fox, Alexander the Great, Penguin Books, UK, 1997
– Katheryn A. Bard: "The Macedonians were originally one of several Greek tribes living on the northern frontier of the Hellenic world." Arxivləşdirilib 2014-10-12 at the Wayback Machine Katheryn A. Bard, Encyclopaedia of the Archaeology of Ancient Egypt, Taylor & Francis, 1999, p. 460.
– Benjamin Ide Wheeler: "That the Macedonians were Greek by race there can be no longer any doubt. They were the northernmost fragments of the race left stranded behind the barriers." Arxivləşdirilib 2022-03-27 at the Wayback Machine Benjamin Ide Wheeler, Alexander the Great: The Merging of East and West in Universal History, Elibron Classics, 2011

az.wikiquote.org

– Alexander the Great: "Youths of the Pellaians and of the Macedonians and of the Hellenic Amphictiony and of the Lakedaimonians and of the Corinthians… and of all the Hellenic peoples, join your fellow-soldiers and entrust yourselves to me, so that we can move against the barbarians and liberate ourselves from the Persian bondage, for as Greeks we should not be slaves to barbarians." Arxivləşdirilib 2018-12-11 at the Wayback Machine Pseudo-Kallisthenes, Historia Alexandri Magni, 1.15.1–4
– Alexander the Great: "Now you fear punishment and beg for your lives, so I will let you free, if not for any other reason so that you can see the difference between a Greek king and a barbarian tyrant, so do not expect to suffer any harm from me. A king does not kill messengers." Arxivləşdirilib 2018-12-11 at the Wayback Machine Historia Alexandri Magni of Pseudo-Kallisthenes, 1.37.9–13
– Alexander the Great addressing his troops prior to the Battle of Issus: "There are Greek troops, to be sure, in Persian service — but how different is their cause from ours! They will be fighting for pay — and not much of at that; we, on the contrary, shall fight for Greece, and our hearts will be in it." Arxivləşdirilib 2018-12-11 at the Wayback Machine Anabasis Alexandri by Roman historian Arrian, Book II, 7
– Alexander's letter to Persian king Darius in response to a truce plea: "Your ancestors came to Macedonia and the rest of Hellas (Greece) and did us great harm, though we had done them no prior injury. I have been appointed leader of the Greeks, and wanting to punish the Persians I have come to Asia, which I took from you." Arxivləşdirilib 2018-12-11 at the Wayback Machine Anabasis Alexandri by Arrian; translated as Anabasis of Alexander by P. A. Brunt, for the "Loeb Edition" Book II 14, 4
- Alexander the Great: "If it were not my purpose to combine barbarian things with things Hellenic (Greek), to traverse and civilize every continent, to search out the uttermost parts of land and sea, to push the bounds of Macedonia to the farthest Ocean, and to disseminate and shower the blessings of the Hellenic justice and peace over every nation, I should not be content to sit quietly in the luxury of idle power, but I should emulate the frugality of Diogenes. But as things are, forgive me Diogenes, that I imitate Herakles, and emulate Perseus, and follow in the footsteps of Dionysos, the divine author and progenitor of my family, and desire that victorious Hellenes should dance again in India and revive the memory of the Bacchic revels among the savage mountain tribes beyond the Kaukasos." ^{[ölü keçid]} On the Fortune of Alexander by Plutarch, 332 a-b
– Alexander addressing the dead Hellenes (the Athenian and Thebean Greeks) of the Battle of Chaeronea: "Holy shadows of the dead, I'm not to blame for your cruel and bitter fate, but the accursed rivalry which brought sister nations and brother people, to fight one another. I do not feel happy for this victory of mine. On the contrary, I would be glad, brothers, if I had all of you standing here next to me, since we are united by the same language, the same blood and the same visions." Arxivləşdirilib 2018-12-11 at the Wayback Machine Historiae Alexandri Magni by Quintus Curtius Rufus
- Alexander I of Macedon, ancestor of Alexander the Great, member of the Argead dynasty: "Tell your king (Xerxes), who sent you, how his Greek viceroy of Macedonia has received you hospitably." Herodotus, Histories, 5.20.4, Loeb
- Alexander I of Macedon, ancestor of Alexander the Great, member of the Argead dynasty, when he was admitted to the Olympic games: "Men of Athens… In truth I would not tell it to you if I did not care so much for all Hellas; I myself am by ancient descent a Greek, and I would not willingly see Hellas change her freedom for slavery. I tell you, then, that Mardonius and his army cannot get omens to his liking from the sacrifices. Otherwise you would have fought long before this. Now, however, it is his purpose to pay no heed to the sacrifices, and to attack at the first glimmer of dawn, for he fears, as I surmise, that your numbers will become still greater. Therefore, I urge you to prepare, and if (as may be) Mardonius should delay and not attack, wait patiently where you are; for he has but a few days' provisions left. If, however, this war ends as you wish, then must you take thought how to save me too from slavery, who have done so desperate a deed as this for the sake of Hellas in my desire to declare to you Mardonius' intent so that the barbarians may not attack you suddenly before you yet expect them. I who speak am Alexander the Macedonian." Herodotus, Histories, 9.45 (ed. A. D. Godley)
– Ian Worthington, English historian and archaeologist: "Not much need to be said about the Greekness of ancient Macedonia: it is undeniable." Arxivləşdirilib 2014-10-12 at the Wayback Machine Ian Worthington, Philip II of Macedonia, Yale University Press, 2008
- Ulrich Wilcken: "When we take into account the political conditions, religion and morals of the Macedonians, our conviction is strengthened that they were a Greek race and akin to the Dorians. Having stayed behind in the extreme north, they were unable to participate in the progressive civilization of the tribes which went further south." Ulrich Wilcken, Alexander the Great, p. 22
- Strabo: "And Macedonia, of course, is a part of Greece." Strabo. VII, Frg. 9 (Loeb, H. L. Jones)
- Herodotus: "Now that these descendants of Perdiccas (Perdiccas I of Macedon, King of Macedonia from about 700 BCE to about 678 BCE) are Greeks, as they themselves say, I myself chance to know and will prove it in the later part of my history." Herodotus, Book 5, Ch. 22, 1 (Loeb)
- Josephus: "And when the book of Daniel was showed to Alexander the Great, where Daniel declared that one of the Greeks should destroy the empire of the Persians, he supposed that himself was the person intended; and as he was then glad, he dismissed the multitude for the present." Josephus 11.8.5
– Arrian: "There a man appeared to them wearing a Greek cloak and dressed otherwise in the Greek fashion, and speaking Greek also. Those Macedonians who first sighted him said that they burst into teers, so strange did it seem after all these miseries to see a Greek, and to hear Greek spoken." Arxivləşdirilib 2014-10-01 at the Wayback Machine Arrian: Anabasis Alexandri: Book VIII (Indica)
- Titus Livius: "The Aitolians, the Akarnanians, the Macedonians, men of the same speech, are united or disunited by trivial causes that arise from time to time; with aliens, with barbarians, all Greeks wage and will wage eternal war; for they are enemies by the will of nature, which is eternal, and not from reasons that change from day to day." Titus Livius, Liber XXXI, 29, 15
- David H. Levinson: "It should be noted that there is no connection between the Macedonians of the time of Alexander the Great who were related to other Hellenic tribes and the Macedonians of today, who are of Slavic Origin and related to the Bulgarians." Arxivləşdirilib 2018-01-11 at the Wayback Machine Encyclopedia of World Cultures (1991), by David H. Levinson, page 239.
- Nicholas Hammond: "Philip was born a Greek of the most aristocratic, indeed of divine, descent… Philip was both a Greek and a Macedonian, even as Demosthenes was a Greek and an Athenian… The Macedonians over whom Philip was to rule were an outlying family member of the Greek-speaking peoples." Nicholas Hummond, Philip of Macedon, Duckworth Publishing, 1998
- Nicholas Hammond: "All in all, the language of the Macedones was a distinct and particular form of Greek, resistant to outside influnces and conservative in pronunciation. It remained so until the fourth century when it was almost totally submerged by the flood tide of standardized Greek." Nicholas Hummond, A History of Macedonia Vol ii, 550–336 BC
- Nicholas Hammond: "As members of the Greek race and speakers of the Greek language, the Macedonians shared in the ability to initiate ideas and create political forms." Nicholas Hummond, The Miracle that was Macedonia, 1992, p. 206
— M. Opperman, The Oxford Classical Dictionary 3rd ed. (1996) — Macedonia, Cults, page 905: "Nowadays historians generally agree that the Macedonian ethnos form part of the Greek ethnos; hence they also shared in the common religious and cultural features of the Hellenic world"
- Robin Lane Fox: 1) "Alexander was still the Greek avenger of Persian sacrilege who told his troops, it was said 'that Persepolis was the most hateful city in the world'. On the road there, he met with the families of Greeks who had deported to Persia by previous kings, and true to his slogan, he honoured them conspicuously, giving them money, five changes of clothing, farm animals, corn, a free passage home, and exemption from taxes and bureaucratic harassments." p. 256,
2) "To his ancestors (to a Persian's ancestors) Macedonians were only known as 'yona takabara', the 'Greeks who wear shields on their heads', an allusion to their broad-brimmed hats." p. 104,
3) "Alexander was not the first Greek to be honoured as a god for political favour." p. 131,
4) "In spirit, Alexander made a gesture to the Lydians' sensitivities, though his Greek crusade owed them nothing as they were not Greeks." p. 128. Robin Lane Fox, Alexander the Great, Penguin Books, UK, 1997
– Katheryn A. Bard: "The Macedonians were originally one of several Greek tribes living on the northern frontier of the Hellenic world." Arxivləşdirilib 2014-10-12 at the Wayback Machine Katheryn A. Bard, Encyclopaedia of the Archaeology of Ancient Egypt, Taylor & Francis, 1999, p. 460.
– Benjamin Ide Wheeler: "That the Macedonians were Greek by race there can be no longer any doubt. They were the northernmost fragments of the race left stranded behind the barriers." Arxivləşdirilib 2022-03-27 at the Wayback Machine Benjamin Ide Wheeler, Alexander the Great: The Merging of East and West in Universal History, Elibron Classics, 2011

worldcat.org

Schep LJ, Slaughter RJ, Vale JA, Wheatley P. "Was the death of Alexander the Great due to poisoning? Was it Veratrum album?". Clinical Toxicology. 52 (1). January 2014: 72–7. doi:10.3109/15563650.2013.870341. ISSN 1556-3650. PMID 24369045.